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Particle Filtration Efficiency Testing of Sterilization Wrap Masks
Chau, Destiny F.,O'Shaughnessy, Patrick,Schmitz, Michael L. The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2021 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.54 No.1
Objectives: Non-traditional materials are used for mask construction to address personal protective equipment shortages during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Reusable masks made from surgical sterilization wrap represent such an innovative approach with social media frequently referring to them as "N95 alternatives." This material was tested for particle filtration efficiency and breathability to clarify what role they might have in infection prevention and control. Methods: A heavyweight, double layer sterilization wrap was tested when new and after 2, 4, 6, and 10 autoclave sterilizing cycles and compared with an approved N95 respirator and a surgical mask via testing procedures using a sodium chloride aerosol for N95 efficiency testing similar to 42 CFR 84.181. Pressure testing to indicate breathability was also conducted. Results: The particle filtration efficiency for the sterilization wrap ranged between 58% to 66%, with similar performance when new and after sterilizing cycles. The N95 respirator and surgical mask performed at 95% and 68% respectively. Pressure drops for the sterilization wrap, N95 and surgical mask were 10.4 mmH2O, 5.9 mmH2O, and 5.1 mmH2O, respectively, well below the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health limits of 35 mmH2O during initial inhalation and 25 mmH2O during initial exhalation. Conclusions: The sterilization wrap's particle filtration efficiency is much lower than a N95 respirator, but falls within the range of a surgical mask, with acceptable breathability. Performance testing of non-traditional mask materials is crucial to determine potential protection efficacy and for correcting misinterpretation propagated through popular media.
An Interview with Jeff and Lisa Smith: Issues in Assessment
Michael F. Shaughnessy 대한사고개발학회 2014 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.24 No.1
Jeff Smith is a professor of education at the University of Otago, on the South Island of New Zealand. He studies art, aesthetics, learning in museums, and school assessment. He was formerly at Rutgers University, and spent 20 years as Head of the Office of Research and Evaluation at The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, studying how people use museums and learn about art. He and his wife, Lisa, also a professor at the University of Otago, have consulted with over 30 cultural institutions internationally, and co-edit the journal Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, along with James Kaufman. Lisa F. Smith is currently Professor of Education and Dean at the University of Otago College of Education. Lisa received her doctorate in Educational Statistics and Measurement from Rutgers University; she joined the University of Otago in 2005. Lisa’s research focuses on assessment issues related to both standardized and classroom testing, preservice teacher efficacy, and the psychology of aesthetics. She co-founded the APA peer-review journal, Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts and is on the editorial review board of several peer-review journals. Lisa has received several honours, including appointment as a Fellow of the American Psychological Association, appointment to the board of Governors of the International Association of Empirical Aesthetics, and most recently, as the recipient of the 2013 Rudolf Arnheim Award for Outstanding Achievement in Psychology and the Arts from Division 10 of the American Psychological Association, The Society for the Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts.
An Interview with Russell Eisenman: About Creative Thinking and Problem Solving
Michael F. Shaughnessy 대한사고개발학회 2007 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.17 No.2
Russell Eisenman has a Ph.D. in clinical psychology from the University of Georgia. He is Associate Professor of Psychology at University of Texas-Pan American. He has authored over 200 journal articles and seven books.
Michael F. Shaughnessy,Tammy Lynne Moore 대한사고개발학회 2006 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.16 No.2
Teachers, as part of their professional duties, should be encouraging thinking in the schools as well as fostering mastery of the curriculum. This paper discusses tactics, techniques and strategies for fostering thinking in the schools. The importance of independent thinking as well as reflective thinking is examined.
An Interview with Harvey Siegel
Michael F. Shaughnessy 대한사고개발학회 2006 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.16 No.2
Harvey Siegel is Professor and Chair of the Department of Philosophy at the Uni-versity of Miami. He was educated at Cornell University and Harvard University. He joined the University of Miami Philosophy Department in 1984, having taught previously at Michigan Technological University, Sonoma State University, and the University of Nebraska. He has held visiting professorships at Berkeley, Stan-ford, the University of Amsterdam and the University of Groningen (The Nether-lands) where he was the inaugural holder of the H.J.F.W. Brugmans Chair in Philosophy of Behavioral and Social Sciences in 1996. He has held a John Dewey Senior Research Fellowship and has received additional research support from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Spencer Foundation. His research interests include philosophy of science, epistemology, philosophy of education, and argumentation theory. He is especially interested in issues concerning ration-ality and relativism. He has published well over 100 articles both in philosophy and education journals, and has published three books: Relativism Refuted: A Critique of Contemporary Epistemological Relativism (Kluwer, 1987), Educating Reason: Rationality, Critical Thinking, and Education (Routledge, 1988) and Ra-tionality Redeemed?: Further Dialogues on an Educational Ideal (Routledge, 1997). He is the editor of Reason and Education: Essays in Honor of Israel Sc-heffler (Kluwer, 1997). He is past President of both the Philosophy of Education Society and the Association for the Philosophy of Education. In 1996 he received the University of Miami’s Excellence in Teaching Award.