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Review : The effect of gut microbiota on drug metabolism
( Mi Jeong Kang ),( Hyung Gyun Kim ),( Jin Sung Kim ),( Do Gyeong Oh ),( Yeon Ji Um ),( Chae Shin Seo ),( Ji Won Han ),( Hyun Ji Cho ),( Ghee Hwan Kim ),( Tae Cheon Jeong ),( Hye Gwang Jeong ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2014 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.24 No.0
Introduction: Numerous drugs and toxicants must be metabolized to an active form. Metabolic activation by host tissues, such as the liver, has been well studied. However, drug and toxicant metabolism by the intestinal microbiota is an unexplored, but essential, field of study in pharmacology and toxicology. The taxonomic diversity and sheer numbers of the intestinal microbiota, and their capacity to metabolize xenobiotics, underscore the importance of this mode of metabolism. Areas covered: Metabolism by the intestinal microbiota has focused on the natural products of glycosides hydrolyzed by intestinal microbiota enzymes, but not by host tissues. Metabolism of synthetic drugs by the intestinal microbiota has been less-intensively investigated. This review provides an overview of xenobiotic metabolism by the intestinal microbiota of both natural products and synthetic drugs. Expert opinion: Metabolism by the intestinal microbiota might result in a different metabolite profile than that produced by host tissues. This could potentially result in either activation or inactivation of the pharmacological and/or toxicological actions of the compound in question. The contribution of the intestinal microbiota to drug metabolism remains relatively unexplored. Therefore, studies of xenobiotic metabolism by the intestinal microbiota need to be included in new drug development as well as classical studies of host tissue metabolism.
The effect of gut microbiota on drug metabolism
Kang, Mi Jeong,Kim, Hyung Gyun,Kim, Jin Sung,Oh, Do Gyeong,Um, Yeon Ji,Seo, Chae Shin,Han, Ji Won,Cho, Hyun Ji,Kim, Ghee Hwan,Jeong, Tae Cheon,Jeong, Hye Gwang Informa UK, Ltd. 2013 Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology Vol.9 No.10
<P><B><I>Introduction:</I></B> Numerous drugs and toxicants must be metabolized to an active form. Metabolic activation by host tissues, such as the liver, has been well studied. However, drug and toxicant metabolism by the intestinal microbiota is an unexplored, but essential, field of study in pharmacology and toxicology. The taxonomic diversity and sheer numbers of the intestinal microbiota, and their capacity to metabolize xenobiotics, underscore the importance of this mode of metabolism.</P><P><B><I>Areas covered:</I></B> Metabolism by the intestinal microbiota has focused on the natural products of glycosides hydrolyzed by intestinal microbiota enzymes, but not by host tissues. Metabolism of synthetic drugs by the intestinal microbiota has been less-intensively investigated. This review provides an overview of xenobiotic metabolism by the intestinal microbiota of both natural products and synthetic drugs.</P><P><B><I>Expert opinion:</I></B> Metabolism by the intestinal microbiota might result in a different metabolite profile than that produced by host tissues. This could potentially result in either activation or inactivation of the pharmacological and/or toxicological actions of the compound in question. The contribution of the intestinal microbiota to drug metabolism remains relatively unexplored. Therefore, studies of xenobiotic metabolism by the intestinal microbiota need to be included in new drug development as well as classical studies of host tissue metabolism.</P>
Effects of Baicalin on Oral Pharmacokinetics of Caffeine in Rats
( Keumhan Noh ),( Mahesh Raj Nepal ),( Ki Sun Jeong ),( Sun A Kim ),( Yeon Ji Um ),( Chae Shin Seo ),( Mi Jeong Kang ),( Pil Hoon Park ),( Wonku Kang ),( Hye Gwang Jeong ),( Tae Cheon Jeong ) 한국응용약물학회 2015 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.23 No.2
Scutellaria baicalensis is one of the most widely used herbal medicines in East Asia. Because baicalein and baicalin are major components of this herb, it is important to understand the effects of these compounds on drug metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 (CYP), for evaluating herb-drug interaction. The effects of baicalin and baicalein on activities of ethoxyresoru- fin O-deethylase (EROD), methoxyresorufin O-demethylase (MROD), benzyloxyresorufin O-debenzylase (BROD), p-nitrophenol hydroxylase and erythromycin N-demethylase were assessed in rat liver microsomes in the present study. In addition, the pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its three metabolites (i.e., paraxanthine, theobromine and theophylline) in baicalin-treated rats were compared with untreated control. As results, EROD, MROD and BROD activities were inhibited by both baicalin and baicalein. However, there were no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of oral caffeine and its three metabolites between control and baicalin-treated rats. When the plasma concentration of baicalin was determined, the maximum concentration of baicalin was below the estimated IC50 values observed in vitro. In conclusion, baicalin had no effects on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its metabolites in vivo, following single oral administration in rats.
( Keum Han Noh ),( Mahesh Raj Nepal ),( Ki Sun Jeong ),( Sun-a Kim ),( Yeon Ji Um ),( Chae Shin Seo ),( Mi Jeong Kang ),( Pil Hoon Park ),( Won Ku Kang ),( Hye Gwang Jeong ),( Tae Cheon Jeong ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2015 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.25 No.-
Scutellaria baicalensis is one of the most widely used herbal medicines in East Asia.Because baicalein and baicalin are major components of this herb,it is important to under stand the effects of these compounds on drug metabolizing enzymes,such ascytochrome P450(CYP),for evaluating herb-drug interaction. The effects pf baocalin and baicalein on activities of ethoxyresoru- fin O-deethylase(EROD),methoxyresorufin O-demethylase(MROD),benzuloxyresorufin O-demethylase(BROD),p-nitrophenol hydroxulase and erythormycin N-demethylase were assessed in rat liver microsomes in the present study. In addition,the phar- macokinetics of caffeine and its three metabolites (i.e.,paraxanthine,theobromine and theophylline)in baicalin-treated rets were compared with untreated control.As results, EROD,MROD and MROD and BROD activities were inhibiteb by both baicalin and baicalein However,there were no significant differences in the pharmackkinetic parameters of oral caffeine and its three metablites be-tween control and baicalin-treated rats. When the plasma concantration of baicalin was determined,the maximum concentration of baicalin was below the estimated IC values observed in vitro. In conclusion,baicalin had no effects on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its metabolites in vivo, following single oral administration in rats.
Molecular discrimination of Panax ginseng species
Um, Jae-Young,Chung, Hwan-Suck,Kim, Hyun-Ju,Kim, Dae-Ki,Shim, Kyung-Shik,Lee, Kang-Yong,Kim, Jeong-Sook,Choi, Tae-Jin,Kim, Nam-Song,An, Nyeon-Hyoung,Lee, Kang-Min,Lee, Young-Mi,Kim, Jeong-Joong Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2000 International journal of oriental medicine Vol.1 No.2
In order to develop convenient and reproducible methods for identification of ginseng drugs at a DNA level, RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) and PCR-RFLP (PCR-Restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis were applied within Panax species. To authenticate Panax ginseng betvyeen Chinese and Korean ginseng population, RAPD analysis were carried out using 20 mer-random primer. The similarity coefficients among the DNA of ginseng plants analyzed were low, ranging from 0.197 to 0.491. In addition, using PCR-RFLP analysis, very different fingerprints were obtained within Korean ginseng plants. These results suggest that these methods are able to authenticate the concerned Panax species. Broader application of this approach to authenticate other morphologically similar medicinal materials is rationalized.
( Mi Jin Kim ),( Taraman Kadayat ),( Yeon Ji Um ),( Tae Cheon Jeong ),( Eung Seok Lee ),( Pil Hoon Park ) 한국응용약물학회 2015 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.23 No.2
Chalcones (1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones), a subfamily of flavonoid, are widely known to possess potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-(thio3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl phen-2-yl)prop- 2-en-1-one (TI-I-175), a synthetic chalcone derivative, on endotoxin-induced expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), one of the key chemokines that regulates migration and infiltration of immune cells, and its potential mechanisms. TII- 175 potently inhibited MCP-1 mRNA expression stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 macrophages without significant effect on cell viability. Treatment of cells with TI-I-175 markedly prevented LPS-induced transcriptional activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) as measured by luciferase reporter assay, while nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity was not inhibited by TI-I-175, implying that TI-I-175 suppressed MCP-1 expression probably via regulation of AP-1. In addition, TI-I-175 treatment significantly inhibited LPS-induced Akt phosphorylation and led to a significant decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by LPS, which act as up-stream signaling events required for AP-1 activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Taken together, these results indicate that TI-I-175 suppresses MCP-1 gene expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages via suppression of ROS production and Akt activation.
Jeong-Kui Ku,Jeong-Keun Lee,Chul-Gi Min,Yu-Mi Kim,In-Woong Um 대한치과이식임플란트학회 2019 The Korean Academy of Implant Dentistry Vol.38 No.1
Purpose: A moldable autogenous tooth bone graft material (M-AutoBT, Korea Tooth Bank, Seoul, Korea), which is made from demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) powder and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), is sticky and moldable, making it easy to handle and allowing it to fit into large defects. This case report evaluates the remodeling capacity and long-term stability of moldable demineralized dentin matrix (M-AutoBT) in three sinus-related cases first reported in 2015. Materials and Methods: M-AutoBT, which is made from demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) powder and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), is a sticky and moldable to fit easily into large defects. Cone-beam computerized tomography was used to evaluate the changes in M-AutoBT around the dental implant in the sinus area from immediately after surgery to the final follow-up (2, 3, and 5 years). Results: In all three cases, regardless of the sinus graft procedure, M-AutoBT showed successful bone formation around the dental implant and maintained its volume and the shape of the cortico-cancellous bone without marginal bone loss during long-term prosthetic loading. Conclusions: HPMC is a base material that contains AutoBT powders and is a moldable and injectable bone substitute material (M-AutoBT) that can fit into a range of defects. M-AutoBT has osteoinductive and osteoconductive capacities. The present study suggests that bone-forming capacity and long term stability of M-AutoBT are similar to the conventional AutoBT, regardless of the characteristics of the defect and the different pathways of the blood supply. Therefore, HPMC powder might be an effective base material for conventional AutoBT powder.
Serum vitamin D levels in patients with obstructive airway diseases in real clinical practice
( Mi Ran Park ),( Il Hwan Jeong ),( Su Min Park ),( Sung Woo Lee ),( Neul Bom Yoon ),( Soo Jung Um ),( Soo Keol Lee ),( Choon Hee Son ) 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1
Background and objective: Some published data suggest that 25(OH) vitamin D (vitamin D) may participate in the airway inflammation of obstructive airway diseases. This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and lung functions in patients with obstructive airway disease including COPD and bronchial asthma in real clinical practice. Methods: COPD was defined by pulmonary function, FEV1/FVC of ≤ 70 % and FEV1 of ≤ 80% of predicted value. Bronchial asthma was diagnosed by positive airway hyperresponsiveness or bronchodilator responsiveness. Serum vitamin D was measured by chemoluminescence immunoassay. All values are expressed as mean± SD. Results; 29 patients (48.3%) were compatible with COPD, vitamin D level were 25.83±13.06 ng/ml and 31 patients (51.7%) were compatible with bronchial asthma, their vitamin D level were 35.47±31.19 ng/ml. However, there was no significant difference in serum vitamin D levels between two groups (p>0.05). Vitamin D insufficiency (≤ 20 mg/ml) was observed in 10 patients (34.48%) of COPD and 10 patients (32.35%) of asthma (p>0.05). COPD with reversible component in pulmonary function was demonstrated in 6 patients (10.9%), their mean vitamin D level was 29.73±13.57 ng/ml. There was no significant difference in the serum level of vitamin D between copd with or without reversible airway obstruction (p>0.05) Serum vitamin D level and lung function showed some trend of positive correlation, however, we could not find statistical significance (r=0.18, p>0.05) Conclusions: Reduced vitamin D levels seem to be associated with impaired lung function. Further studies are required to evaluate the relationship between reduced vitamin D level and impaired lung function in patients with obstructive airway diseases.