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McKinnon, Douglas J.,Grantham, Colin Journal of International Conference on Electrical 2012 Journal of international Conference on Electrical Vol.1 No.2
The paper describes a novel technique for on line parameter identification of three-phase induction motors from a single, run up to speed test. Data is sampled during this test with the normal locked rotor and synchronous speed data captured on the way to reaching the motor's rated speed. Rotor parameter variations with frequency due to skin and proximity effects and other non-linear imperfections such as heating and main flux path saturation are taken into account. This method is ideal for determining and/or verifying parameters used in high performance drives.
A.J. McKinnon 한국물리학회 2006 Current Applied Physics Vol.6 No.3
Within wool and hair follicle cells, differences in the mode of assembly of intermediate filaments (IFs) into macrofibrils are key factors leading to the classification of different cortical cells as ortho, meso, or para cells. This paper offers a model for macrofibril formation based on the generic propensity of particles of high axial ratio to separate into isotropic and anisotropic phases above a certain low concentration. The statistical mechanical theories of Flory describing such behaviour in mesogenic polymers are applied to this case. The effects of random coil protuberances on the IF rods are deduced to be important in achieving the observed packing density in the mesophase. Observational evidence to support the mesophase hypothesis in the early stages of cell development is reviewed, providing considerable support for the model.
The Nutritive Value of Thin Stillage and Wet Distillers' Grains for Ruminants - Review -
Mustafa, A.F.,McKinnon, J.J.,Christensen, D.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.11
Thin stillage and distillers' grains are byproducts remaining after alcohol distillation from a fermented cereal grain mash. Both byproducts are used as energy and protein sources for ruminants. Due to its liquid nature, more than 50% of thin stillage bypasses the rumen. Thin stillage can be fed alone or in combination with distillers' grains. However, a better utilization by beef cattle is anticipated when thin stillage replaces water as a fluid source. Ruminal undegraded protein content of distillers' grains is greatly affected by type of cereal grain and by drying. Corn distillers' grains have a higher ruminal undegraded protein content than wheat distillers' grains while dried distillers' grains have a higher ruminal undegraded protein content than the wet distillers' grains. Wet and dried distillers' grains can replace up to 50% of corn grain in beef cattle diets without affecting animal performance. The estimated NEg of corn distillers' grains for beef cattle ranges from 100 to 169% of that of corn. In general, wet corn distillers' grains have a higher NEg value than dried corn distillers' grains and the addition of thin stillage improves the NEg of distillers' grains. Improved performance of ruminats fed distillers' byproducts can be attributed to high digestible fiber content, improved rumen environment and a shift in organic matter digestion from the rumen to the small intestine.
REPRODUCTION AND CALF GROWTH IN BRAHMAN CROSSBRED AND SOUTH EAST ASIAN CATTLE IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Holmes, J.H.G.,McKinnon, M.J.,Seifert, G.W.,Schottler, J.H.,Bannick, A.,Malik, R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1992 Animal Bioscience Vol.5 No.3
Reproduction and growth to weaning were compared for Brahman crossbred (BX) and a local strain of South-East Asian cattle, "Javanese Zebu" (JZ) and their reciprocal crosses at "Erap" in the humid equatorial lowlands of Papua New Guinea. Forty heifers of each breed were mated continuously, half to bulls of each breed, for five years. BX calved first at 35 months while JZ calved at 31 months. Subsequent calving intervals were very short, at 370 and 341 days. JZ cows weighed about two thirds of the BX cattle at each stage of reproduction. Birth weights and growth to weaning were : BX 35 kg and 0.68 kg/d ; BX male $\times$ JZ female 29.3 kg and 0.53 kg/d ; JZ male $\times$ BX female 30.8 kg and 0.61 kg/d ; JZ 25 kg and 0.50 kg/d. The combination of small cow size, short calving interval and rapid calf growth resulted in the BX male $\times$ JZ female being the most efficient producer, in kg of calf weaned per cow mated per year while the reciprocal cross was the least efficient ; both straight-breds were equal and intermediate. These data show that indigenous equatorial cattle may not be inferior under good grazing conditions. For all traits, breed interactions (heterosis) was small and non-significant.
COMPARISON OF AFRIKANER- AND BRAHMAN- CROSS CATTLE IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Holmes, J.H.G.,McKinnon, M.J.,Seifert, G.W.,Schottler, J.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1992 Animal Bioscience Vol.5 No.3
After the virtual eradication of cattle during World War II, Papua New Guinea herds were rebuilt with Shorthorn and Aberdeen Angus cattle from Australia. These, and Red Sindhi and Sahiwal, imported in 1952, were considered unsuitable breeds. In 1954, Department of Agriculture, Stock and Fisheries imported three Brahman bulls and three heifers from Texas and in 1960 began importations of Afrikaner from Queensland. In Central Province, Brahmans were crossed with Angus and at Erap (Morobe) the hottest place in Papua New Guinea, Shorthorns were crossed with Afrikaners. In 1965, Brahman and Brahman-cross were sent to Erap. Records of breeding and growth rates were collected for use in upgrading in cattle of the basis of performance, not pedigree. The data are not ideal for genetic analysis, since no control groups were maintained. Birth weights (BWT), weaning weights (WWT) and calving intervals (CI) were analysed for the period 1969-1978. After exclusion of unsatisfactory data, 2,514 calf records were used, including both breeds from 1969 to 1973, but only Brahman-cross subsequently. Breed mean BWT ranged only from 30.6 to 33.8 kg. As Brahman content increased, BWT decreased and WWT increased; within a genotype, there was a negative maternal effect of high Brahman content on BWT and a positive effect on WWT which ranged from 138 to 174 kg. Afrikaner calves had heavier BWT but lighter WWT. As expected, bulls were heaviest, heifers lightest and mature cows bore and reared heavier calves. Calving interval (405 days, equivalent to 90% calving) was unaffected by breed but 4-year old cows averaged 423 days. Breed differences in BWT and WWT are consistent with the body of literature on performance of Brahmans and Afrikaners. Since cattle tick are not present and internal parasites are insignificant at Erap, the superiority of Brahmans indicates that they were better at utilizing the mediocre quality grazing of the Markham Valley or were more heat tolerant. Performance selection over ten years resulted in the virtual elimination of Afrikaners, with the final genotype approximately 9/16 Brahman, 3/8 Shorthorn and 1/16 Afrikaner.