The Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program: Discovery of the Most Distant Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy in the Local Universe

Lee, Myung Gyoon,Jang, In Sung,Beaton, Rachael,Seibert, Mark,Bono, Giuseppe,Madore, Barry American Astronomical Society 2017 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.835 No.2

<P>Ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs) are the faintest known galaxies, and due to their incredibly low surface brightness, it is difficult to find them beyond the Local Group. We report a serendipitous discovery of a UFD, Fornax UFD1, in the outskirts of NGC 1316, a giant galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The new galaxy is located at a projected radius of 55 kpc in the south-east of NGC 1316. This UFD is found as a small group of resolved stars in the Hubble Space Telescope images of a halo field of NGC 1316, obtained as part of the Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program. Resolved stars in this galaxy are consistent with being mostly metal-poor red giant branch (RGB) stars. Applying the tip of the RGB method to the mean magnitude of the two brightest RGB stars, we estimate the distance to this galaxy, 19.0. +/-. 1.3 Mpc. Fornax UFD1 is probably a member of the Fornax cluster. The color-magnitude diagram of these stars is matched by a 12 Gyr isochrone with low metallicity ([Fe/H]approximate to-2.4). Total magnitude and effective radius of Fornax UFD1 are M-V approximate to -7.6 +/- 0.2 mag and r(eff) = 146 +/- 9 pc, which are similar to those of Virgo UFD1 that was discovered recently in the intracluster field of Virgo by Jang & Lee. Fornax UFD1 is the most distant known UFD that is confirmed by resolved stars. This indicates that UFDs are ubiquitous and that more UFDs remain to be discovered in the Fornax cluster.</P>

Clinical Factors Associated with Response or Survival after Chemotherapy in Patients with Waldenström Macroglobulinemia in Korea

Lee, Ho Sup,Kim, Kihyun,Yoon, Dok Hyun,Kim, Jin Seok,Bang, Soo-Mee,Lee, Jeong-Ok,Eom, Hyeon Seok,Lee, Hyewon,Kim, Inho,Lee, Won Sik,Bae, Sung Hwa,Kim, Se Hyung,Lee, Mark Hong,Do, Young Rok,Lee, Jae Ho Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014 BioMed research international Vol.2014 No.-

<P>Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) is a B-cell proliferative malignancy characterized by immunoglobulin M monoclonal gammopathy and bone marrow infiltration by lymphoplasmacytic cells. Clinical features and cytogenetics of WM in Asia including Republic of Korea remain unclear. Moreover, no study has reported treatment outcomes in patients with WM treated with novel agent combined with conventional chemotherapy. This study investigated clinical features and assessed treatment outcomes with novel agent and conventional chemotherapy in Republic of Korea. Data from all (<I>n</I> = 71) patients with newly diagnosed WM at 17 hospitals who received chemotherapy between January 2005 and December 2012 were collected retrospectively. The median age of patients was 66 years (range: 37–92 years) and male to female ratio was 5 : 1. Patients treated with novel agent combined chemotherapy displayed higher overall response rate (ORR) compared to conventional chemotherapy alone (92.9% versus 52.6%, <I>P</I> = 0.006). The 5-year overall survival rate was 62.6% (95% confidence interval: 34.73–111.07). Use of novel agents produced higher ORR but survival benefit was not apparent due to the small number of patients and short follow-up duration. Further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of novel agents in patients with WM.</P>

Quantum noise reduction in intensity-sensitive surface-plasmon-resonance sensors

Lee, Joong-Sung,Huynh, Trung,Lee, Su-Yong,Lee, Kwang-Geol,Lee, Jinhyoung,Tame, Mark,Rockstuhl, Carsten,Lee, Changhyoup American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review A Vol.96 No.3

<P>We investigate the use of twin-mode quantum states of light with symmetric statistical features in their photon number for improving intensity-sensitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors. For this purpose, one of the modes is sent into a prism setup where the Kretschmann configuration is employed as a sensing platform and the analyte to be measured influences the SPR excitation conditions. This influence modifies the output state of light that is subsequently analyzed by an intensity-difference measurement scheme. We show that quantum noise reduction is achieved not only as a result of the sub-Poissonian statistical nature of a single mode, but also as a result of the nonclassical correlation of the photon number between the two modes. When combined with the high sensitivity of the SPR sensor, we show that the use of twin-mode quantum states of light notably enhances the estimation precision of the refractive index of an analyte. With this we are able to identify a clear strategy to further boost the performance of SPR sensors, which are already a mature technology in biochemical and medical sensing applications.</P>

The Outcomes of Hypertransfusion in Major ABO Incompatible Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

Lee Se Hoon,Park Joon Oh,Jung Chul Won,Park Keunchil,Lee Kyoo Hyung,Lee Mark Hong,Lee Kyung Eun,Park Jinny,Kim Kihyun,Kim Won Seog,Im Young Hyuk,Kang Won Ki,Kim Seon Woo,Lee Je Hwan,Park Se Hoon 대한의학회 2004 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.19 No.1

Pulsatilla tongkangensis, a Natural Hybrid Swarm Population Hybridized with P. koreana Based on RAPD and SNPs of Chloroplast DNA

Ae Kyung Lee,Tao Yuan,Jeung Keun Suh,Dae-Sung Choi,Ik-Young Choi,Mark S. Roh,Young Hee Joung,Jae-Young Ko,Jong Suk Lee 한국원예학회 2010 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.51 No.5

A new putative species of Pulsatilla, P. tongkangensis Y. Lee et T. C. Lee, growing in calcified rock cavities was discovered along the Donggang, Jeongseon-gun, Gangwon Province, Korea. Accessions of P. tongkangensis and P. koreana (Y. Yabe ex Nakai) Nakai ex T. Mori were characterized with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the chloroplast trnQ, trnH, psbA genes and the atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer regions. Pulsatilla tongkangensis exhibits significant morphological variation in leaf morphology, and flower color (white, purple blue, to light red), and flower bud orientation (lateral-facing to up-facing). Two data sources were used: RAPD analysis and SNPs of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) from accessions collected from the native sites and with progeny from controlled pollination between P. tongkangensis and P. koreana. One P. tongkangensis accession with light-red flowers was clustered with P. koreana in dendrograms using RAPD markers, and three accessions of P. tongkangensis with pink-blue narrow petals, light-blue narrow petals, and white petals had the same SNPs as P. koreana. A species-specific RAPD band for each P. tongkangensis and P. koreana was identified, and both bands were present in some P. tongkangensis accessions collected from Mt. Backwoon, indicating that these were of hybrid origin. The presence of species-specific bands and variations in SNPs suggest that significant genetic variation exists and that variation resulted possibly from cross pollination and introgression between these two closely related species. Based on the results of these studies, it is suggested that P. tongkangensis is a heterogeneous population resulting from the introgression due to cross-pollination with P. koreana. A discussion is presented to reconsider the taxonomic treatment of P. tongkangensis as a new taxon based on the modern concepts of species.

hCG-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress triggers apoptosis and reduces steroidogenic enzyme expression through activating transcription factor 6 in Leydig cells of the testis

Park, Sun-Ji,Kim, Tae-Shin,Park, Choon-Keun,Lee, Sang-Hee,Kim, Jin-Man,Lee, Kyu-Sun,Lee, In-kyu,Park, Jeen-Woo,Lawson, Mark A,Lee, Dong-Seok Society for Endocrinology 2013 Journal of molecular endocrinology Vol.50 No.2

<P>Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress generally occurs in secretory cell types. It has been reported that Leydig cells, which produce testosterone in response to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), express key steroidogenic enzymes for the regulation of testosterone synthesis. In this study, we analyzed whether hCG induces ER stress via three unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways in mouse Leydig tumor (mLTC-1) cells and the testis. Treatment with hCG induced ER stress in mLTC-1 cells via the ATF6, IRE1a/XBP1, and eIF2α/GADD34/ATF4 UPR pathways, and transient expression of 50 kDa protein activating transcription factor 6 (p50ATF6) reduced the expression level of steroidogenic 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase △5-△4-isomerase (3β-HSD) enzyme. In an <I>in vivo</I> model, high-level hCG treatment induced expression of p50ATF6 while that of steroidogenic enzymes, especially 3β-HSD, 17α-hydroxylase/C17–20 lyase (CYP17), and 17β-hydrozysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD), was reduced. Expression levels of steroidogenic enzymes were restored by the ER stress inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA). Furthermore, lentivirus-mediated transient expression of p50ATF6 reduced the expression level of 3β-HSD in the testis. Protein expression levels of phospho-JNK, CHOP, and cleaved caspases-12 and -3 as markers of ER stress-mediated apoptosis markedly increased in response to high-level hCG treatment in mLTC-1 cells and the testis. Based on transmission electron microscopy and H&E staining of the testis, it was shown that abnormal ER morphology and destruction of testicular histology induced by high-level hCG treatment were reversed by the addition of TUDCA. These findings suggest that hCG-induced ER stress plays important roles in steroidogenic enzyme expression via modulation of the ATF6 pathway as well as ER stress-mediated apoptosis in Leydig cells.</P>

Quantum plasmonics with a metal nanoparticle array

Lee, Changhyoup,Tame, Mark,Lim, James,Lee, Jinhyoung American Physical Society 2012 Physical review. A. Atomic, molecular, and optical Vol.85 No.6

쿠르쿠마 화서의 분화 및 발달과정에 대한 전자현미경적 관찰

Mark S. Roh,최목필(Mok Pil Choi),황선애(Sun Ae Hwang),이풍옥(Poong Ok Lee),이종석(Jong Suk Lee) 한국원예학회 2005 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2005 No.5

Characterization of the Corylopsis coreana Using Molecular Markers

Mark S. Roh,Ae Kyung Lee,Ik Young Choi,Jae Yeong Kim,Young Hee Joung,Sun Ha Lee,Jeung Keun Suh 한국원예학회 2007 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.48 No.3

This research was initiated to study the inter-specific relationships and intra-specific variations in the Corylopsis glabrescens complex that includes C. coreana Uyeki, C. glabrescens Franch. et Sav var. glabrescens, and C. glabrescens var. gotoana (Makino) T. Yamanaka (collectively called the C. glabrescens complex) by examining accessions collected from natural habitats, various botanical gardens, and arboreta. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), single nucleotide polymorphisms in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA (nrDNA-ITS region) specific for C. glabrescens Franch. et Sav., phytochrome C gene, and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 gene analyses were performed. The results of RAPD markers showed that accessions were clustered into three major groups; the first group consisting of C. coreana, C. glabrescens var. glabrescens, C. glabrescens var. gotoana, and C. pauciflora Siebold & Zucc.; the second group of C. sinensis Hemsl., C. veitchiana Bean, C. glandulifera Hems1., and C. spicata Siebold & Zucc, and the third group of C. sinensis Hems1’ var. calvescens Rehder & E. H. Wilson with some exceptions. C. coreana, C. glabrescens var. glabrescens, and C. glabrescens var. gotoana grouped into one major cluster. Although nrDNA-ITS region cannot be effectively used for identification of the C. glabrescens complex at the level of species, C. sinensis var. calvescens clustered separately from C. sinensis var. sinensis. C. coreana accessions collected from Korea were separated from different posterior probability populations by STRUCTURE program from C. glabrescens var. glabrescens and also from var. gotoana collected from Japan. This support the establishment of C. coreana as a separate species based on this study.

ARE CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENTS NECESSARY IN CAMPAIGNS FOR LUXURY BRANDS?

Mark Yi-Cheon Yim,Sun-Young Park,Sangwon Lee,Paul L. Sauer 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

Many information sources have reported that celebrity endorsements of luxury fashion brands are considered one of the success factors that enhance the growth of luxury markets. Yet two contrasting views are held as to whether or not celebrity endorsements are necessary for luxury brands. One view in support of celebrity endorsements for luxury brands insists that the use of celebrities generally provides many beneficial advantages, serving as a good communication tool. Specifically, the celebrity endorsements are effective in increasing ad viewers’ attention, polishing brand images, introducing new brands, and repositioning existing brands (Erdogan, 1999), enhancing message recall (Friedman & Friedman, 1979), and generating favorable attitudes toward ads and brands (Atkin & Block, 1983). Above all, brands endorsed by celebrities often obtain high brand awareness, resulting in a rapid sales increase (Ruiz, 2008). In contrast, the other view is more concerned with the diminished luxuriousness that is overshadowed by celebrities, rather than realizing an immediate increase in sales (Dubois, Laurent, & Czellar, 2001). Celebrity endorsements in ads are expected to increase brand awareness and simultaneously reduce the brand rarity impacting a qualification for status, which is central to brand luxuriousness in particular (Berry, 1994). The publicly recognized brand names would draw more attention from average consumers than from rich consumers, as the wealthier are the less influenced by celebrity endorsements (Gaudoin, 2013). In addition, considering that luxury brands are already constructed with well-defined brand meaning and personalities, using non-celebrity endorsers with luxurious images would be as effective as using celebrity endorsers in terms of improving brand luxuriousness (Okonkwo, 2007). As such, celebrity-endorsed luxury branding strategies seem to be questionable, though they are popularly being adopted. The current study aims to reveal the overall effectiveness of the use of celebrity versus non-celebrity endorsers on consequential consumer evaluations and highlight the importance of congruence between the brand and the endorser (match-up).