Low-Level Polarimetric Radar Signatures in EnKF Analyses and Forecasts of the May 8, 2003 Oklahoma City Tornadic Supercell: Impact of Multimoment Microphysics and Comparisons with Observation

Dawson II, Daniel T.,Wicker, Louis J.,Mansell, Edward R.,Jung, Youngsun,Xue, Ming Hindawi Limited 2013 Advances in meteorology Vol.2013 No.-

<P>The impact of increasing the number of predicted moments in a multimoment bulk microphysics scheme is investigated using ensemble Kalman filter analyses and forecasts of the May 8, 2003 Oklahoma City tornadic supercell storm and the analyses are validated using dual-polarization radar observations. The triple-moment version of the microphysics scheme exhibits the best performance, relative to the single- and double-moment versions, in reproducing the low-<SUB>ZDR</SUB>hail core and high-<SUB>ZDR</SUB>arc, as well as an improved probabilistic track forecast of the mesocyclone. A comparison of the impact of the improved microphysical scheme on probabilistic forecasts of the mesocyclone track with the observed tornado track is also discussed.</P>

Spin Transport in Ge at Room Temperature

C. Shen,T. Trypiniotis,K. Y. Lee,S. N. Holmes,R. Mansell,M. K. Husain,V. Shah,H. Kurebayashi,I. Farrer,K. de Groot,D. R. Leadley,G. Bell,E. H. Parker,T. Whall,D. A. Ritchie,C. H. W. Barnes 한국자기학회 2010 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.2010 No.12

Emerging Pathogenic Bacteria: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Foods

김정환,Mansel W. Griffiths 한국축산식품학회 2011 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.31 No.2

Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP), the cause of Johne’s disease in animals, may be a causative agent of Crohn’s disease (CD) in humans, but the evidence supporting this claim is controversial. Milk, meat, and water could be potential sources of MAP transmission to humans. Thus, if the link between MAP and Crohn’s disease is substantiated, the fact that MAP has been detected in retail foods could be a public health concern. The purpose of the present study was to review the link between MAP and CD, the prevalence of MAP in foods, heat inactivation, control of MAP during food processing,and detection methods for MAP. Although MAP positive rates in retail milk in nine countries ranged from 0 to 2.9%by the culture method and from 4.5 to 15.5% by PCR, high temperature short time pasteurization can effectively control MAP. The effectiveness of pasteurization to inactivate MAP depends on the initial concentration of the MAP in raw milk. Development of highly sensitive and specific rapid detection methods for MAP may enhance investigation into the relationship between MAP and CD, the prevention of the spread of MAP, and problem-solving related to food safety. Collaboration and efforts by government agencies, the dairy industry, farmers, veterinarians, and scientists will be required to reduce and prevent MAP in food.

Probabilistic Risk Model for Staphylococcal Intoxication from Pork-Based Food Dishes Prepared in Food Service Establishments in Korea

KIM, HYUN JUNG,GRIFFITHS, MANSEL W.,FAZIL, AAMIR M.,LAMMERDING, ANNA M. International Association for Food Protection 2009 Journal of food protection Vol.72 No.9

<P>Foodborne illness contracted at food service operations is an important public health issue in Korea. In this study, the probabilities for growth of, and enterotoxin production by, Staphylococcus aureus in pork meat-based foods prepared in food service operations were estimated by the Monte Carlo simulation. Data on the prevalence and concentration of S. aureus as well as compliance to guidelines for time and temperature controls during food service operations were collected. The growth of S. aureus was initially estimated by using the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Pathogen Modeling Program. A second model based on raw pork meat was derived to compare cell number predictions. The correlation between toxin level and cell number as well as minimum toxin dose obtained from published data was adopted to quantify the probability of staphylococcal intoxication. When data gaps were found, assumptions were made based on guidelines for food service practices. Baseline risk model and scenario analyses were performed to indicate possible outcomes of staphylococcal intoxication under the scenarios generated based on these data gaps. Staphylococcal growth was predicted during holding before and after cooking, and the highest estimated concentration (4.59 log CFU/g for the 99.9th percentile value) of S. aureus was observed in raw pork initially contaminated with S. aureus and held before cooking. The estimated probability for staphylococcal intoxication was very low, using currently available data. However, scenario analyses revealed an increased possibility of staphylococcal intoxication when increased levels of initial contamination in the raw meat, and longer holding time both before and after cooking the meat occurred.</P>

Emerging Pathogenic Bacteria: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Foods

Kim, Jung-Hoan,Griffiths, Mansel W. Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2011 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.31 No.2

Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP), the cause of Johne's disease in animals, may be a causative agent of Crohn's disease (CD) in humans, but the evidence supporting this claim is controversial. Milk, meat, and water could be potential sources of MAP transmission to humans. Thus, if the link between MAP and Crohn's disease is substantiated, the fact that MAP has been detected in retail foods could be a public health concern. The purpose of the present study was to review the link between MAP and CD, the prevalence of MAP in foods, heat inactivation, control of MAP during food processing, and detection methods for MAP. Although MAP positive rates in retail milk in nine countries ranged from 0 to 2.9% by the culture method and from 4.5 to 15.5% by PCR, high temperature short time pasteurization can effectively control MAP. The effectiveness of pasteurization to inactivate MAP depends on the initial concentration of the MAP in raw milk. Development of highly sensitive and specific rapid detection methods for MAP may enhance investigation into the relationship between MAP and CD, the prevention of the spread of MAP, and problem-solving related to food safety. Collaboration and efforts by government agencies, the dairy industry, farmers, veterinarians, and scientists will be required to reduce and prevent MAP in food.

프로바이오틱스가 생산하는 생리활성 물질의 장내 유해균 억제 효과

임광세 ( Kwang Sei Lim ),( Mansel W. Griffiths ),박동준 ( Dong June Park ),오세종 ( Se Jong Oh ) 한국유가공기술과학회 2014 Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology (JMSB) Vol.32 No.2

시장에는 프로바이오틱스를 포함한 무수히 많은 제품이 판매되고 있는데, 우리에게 어떤 이로운 점을 줄 수 있는지 궁금해 한 적이 있었을 것이다. 프로바이오틱스는 기본적인 영양 측면을 배제하고, 우리가 유효한 양을 섭취하였을 때 건강상의 이점을 주는 살아있는 미생물로 정의된다. 프로바이오틱스는 유용하고 건강에 좋은 미생물로도 불려지고 있으며, 다음과 같은 다섯 가지 측면에서 건강 기능성이있는 것으로 강조되어 왔는데, 1) 대장암 및 IBS와 같은 다른 대장(결장)관련 질병의 발병율 감소, 2) 면역 시스템의 촉진, 3) 항고혈압 및 항콜레스테롤 작용, 4) 장내세균에 작용하는 항생제의 효과를 경감시키고, 5) 위장관 감염을 예방시키는 점이다. 그러나 이러한 건강기능 작용들에 대한 과학적인 근거가 충분히 구축되어 있지는 않아, 유럽식품 위생위원회(Euroupe Food Safety Authority)는 항생제 투여에 따른 설사증상의 완화와 같은 건강기능 표시를 금지하고 있어, 프로바이오틱스의 작용기전에 대한 연구가 필요 한 시점이라 하겠다. There is a burgeoning number of products on the market that contain probiotics, but do they do you any good? What exactly are probiotics? They have been defined as living organisms that, when ingested in sufficient quantities, provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. They are often referred to as "friendly bacteria" or "good bacteria." Probiotics have been claimed, amongst other things, to (i) reduce the incidence of colon cancer and other diseases of the colon, such as IBS, (ii) stimulate the immune system, (iii) have anti-hypertensive and anti-cholesterolemic properties, (iv) mitigate against the effect of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota, and (v) protect against gastrointestinal infections. However, the scientific basis for many of these claims is not well-established. Indeed, the European Food Safety Authority has denied the use of several health claims associated with probiotics, particularly those related to mitigation of diarrhea following consumption of antibiotics. Thus, there is a need for research on the mechanisms of action of probiotics. We have been mainly interested in the use of probiotics to control enteric infections. There are several possible modes of action to explain how probiotics may protect the host from enteric pathogens, including competitive exclusion and immunomodulation. We have shown that probiotics produce bioactive molecules that interfere with bacterial cell-cell communication (also called quorum sensing), and this results in a down-regulation of virulence genes that are responsible for attachment of the pathogen to the gastrointestinal epithelium. These bioactive molecules act on a variety of bacteria, including enterohemorrhagic and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens, and there is evidence that they can inhibit the formation of biofilms by Listeria monocytogenes. These bioactive molecules, which are peptidic in nature, can exert their effects not only in vitro but also in vivo, and we have shown that they mitigate against E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in mice and Salmonella and E. coli K88 infections in pigs. They can be delivered in foods such as yoghurt and maintain their activity.

Pomegranate Extracts Potently Suppress Proliferation, Xenograft Growth, and Invasion of Human Prostate Cancer Cells

Ephraim P. Lansky,Wenguo Jiang,James Kumi-Diaka,Martin Albrecht,Lyndon M. Gommersall,Amit Patel,Robert E. Mansel,Ishak Neeman,Albert A. Geldof,Moray J. Campbell 한국식품영양과학회 2004 Journal of medicinal food Vol.7 No.3

We completed a multicenter study of the effects of pomegranate cold-pressed (Oil) or supercritical CO2-extracted (S) seed oil, fermented juice polyphenols (W), and pericarp polyphenols (P) on human prostate cancer cell xenograft growth in vivo, and/or proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, gene expression, and invasion across Matrigel, in vitro. Oil, W, and P each acutely inhibited in vitro proliferation of LNCaP, PC-3, and DU 145 human cancer cell lines. The dose of P required to inhibit cell proliferation of the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP by 50% (ED50) was 70 mg/mL, whereas normal prostate epithelial cells (hPrEC) were significantly less affected (ED50 5 250 mg/mL). These effects were mediated by changes in both cell cycle distribution and induction of apoptosis. For example, the androgen-independent cell line DU 145 showed a significant increase from 11% to 22% in G2/M cells (P , .05) by treatment with Oil (35 mg/mL) with a modest induction of apoptosis. In other cell lines/treatments, the apoptotic response predominated, for example, in PC-3 cells treated with P, at least partially through a caspase 3-mediated pathway. These cellular effects coincided with rapid changes in mRNA levels of gene targets. Thus, 4-hour treatment of DU 145 cells with Oil (35 mg/mL) resulted in significant 2.3 6 0.001-fold (mean 6 SEM) up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(waf1/cip1) (P , .01) and 0.6 6 0.14-fold down-regulation of c-myc (P , .05). In parallel, all agents potently suppressed PC-3 invasion through Matrigel, and furthermore P and S demonstrated potent inhibition of PC-3 xenograft growth in athymic mice. Overall, this study demonstrates significant antitumor activity of pomegranate-derived materials against human prostate cancer.