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백년전쟁 시기의 정체성 만들기: 아키텐, 가스코뉴, 베아른
카토마코토 ( Makoto Kato ) 한국서양중세사학회 2014 西洋中世史硏究 Vol.0 No.33
가스코뉴인들은 종족과 언어적 수준에서의 강한 통일성에도 불구하과 백년 전쟁기간 동안 때로는 잉글랜드, 때로는 프랑스 양편에서 싸웠다. 이러한 종족정체성과 언어 외에 우리는 가스코뉴인들의 정치적 정체성에 대한 충성심과 선언들에 주목을 해야 한다. 가스코뉴인들의 충성심과 신뢰감 형성을 설명하기 위해서 본 논문은 가스코뉴인들과 잉글랜드왕(아키텐 공작), 프랑스왕 사이에서 상호관계를 결정하는 데 핵심적인 역할을 했던 자들에 초점을 맞추고자 한다. 이 역할을 했던 개인들과 단체들이 보여주고 있는 주장들의 전개방식이나 용법들을 추적함으로써 우리는 가스코뉴 정체성을 창출하는데 기여한 정치적 요인들의 다양한 측면들을 분석할 수 있다. Despite their strong ethnic and linguistic unity, the Gascons fought on both sides during the Hundred Years War. Besides ethnicity and language, we must turn to the loyalties and manifestations of the Gascons` political identity. In order to explain the Gascons` formation of loyalties and fidelities, this paper focuses on those who played crucial roles in determining the mutual relationship between the Gascons, the king of England (duke of Aquitaine) and the king of France. By tracing the development and use of arguments presented by these individuals or groups, we analyze various aspects of the political factors involved in creating Gascon identities.
Makoto Iwata,Sadaharu Kato,Kazuki Tanaka,Masaki Maeda,Yoshihiro Ishibashi 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.7
Dielectric constants as functions of the temperature and the DC biasing fields along the [011] and the [111] directions in cubic coordinates in 92%Pb(Zn<SUB>1/3</SUB>Nb<SUB>2/3</SUB>)O<SUB>3</SUB>-8%PbTiO<SUB>3</SUB> (PZN-8%PT) have been investigated. The temperature-field phase diagrams have been made in the field range below 15 kV/cm. We have found that the orthorhombic phase exists below the tetragonal phase as a ground state. The tetragonal phase disappears for external fields above about 10 kV/cm along the [011] and the [111] directions.
Phase Diagram in Pb(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-8%PbTiO_3 under an Electric Field
Makoto Iwata,Sadaharu Kato,Yoshihiro Ishibashi 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.31
The phase diagram near the critical endpoint (CEP) in Pb(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-8%PbTiO_3 under anelectric field was investigated by measuring the DC field dependence of the dielectric constant along the [001] direction. The CEP under an electric field along the [001] direction was determined to be 170 ± 2 ℃ and 1.5 ± 0.2 kV/cm.
Syou Kato,Jiro Tanaka,Norio Tanaka,Jun Yokoyama,Yu Ito,Yoichiro Fujiwara,Atsushi Higa,신고 고바야시,Makoto M. Watanabe,Hidetoshi Sakayama 국립중앙과학관 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.14 No.1
Members of the brackish-water species Lamprothamnium succinctum (Charales, Charophyceae) arewidely distributed from tropical to temperate regions, including East Asia. In Japan, L. succinctum is listedas an endangered species and is protected by the government, because it was recorded only at two localities,Lake Hachiro-gata (Akita Prefecture) and Oo-ike pond (Deba-jima Island, Tokushima prefecture),and has become extinct in the former. In this study, we identified five new localities of this species inJapan. The morphological characteristics of their thalli agreed with those provided in the originaldescription of this species, with distinctive reproductive characteristics. Moreover, the oospores of Japanesespecimens of L. succinctum were examined for the first time using scanning electron microscopy. The oospores of Japanese specimens exhibited granulate fossa wall patterns, which were consistent withthose described in previous studies. Our genetic analyses based on the DNA sequences of two chloroplastDNA markers, including both the coding and non-coding regions, revealed that the sample from Oo-ikepond is distinguishable from those from other Japanese specimens, although they are genetically verysimilar.
Manual control of a nonholonomic system by multiple predictor-controller pair architecture
Shinpei Kato,Takakuni Goto,Noriyasu Homma,Makoto Yoshizawa 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
Humans can often conduct both linear and nonlinear control tasks after a sufficient number of trials, even ifthey initially do not have sufficient knowledge about the system’s dynamics and the way to control it. Theoretically, it is well known that some nonlinear systems cannot be stabilized asymptotically by any linear controllers. However,there is a possibility that human may use a linear control scheme for nonlinear control tasks. The hypothesis proposedin this paper is that humans switch the linear controllers with a virtual constraint. Each controller is responsible for a small region where the linear approximation can work well for nonlinear tasks. It is suggested that the proposed virtual constraint can play an important role to overcome a limitation of the linear controllers.
Nonlinear behavior of R/C cooling tower shells
Hara, Takashi,Kato, Shiro,Ohya, Makoto Techno-Press 1997 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.5 No.5
In this paper the ultimate strength of the R/C cooling towers, which have initial imperfection and pre-cracked elements, is analyzed. The initial geometric imperfections arise from the unavoidable inaccuracies under the construction and the pre-cracks are assumed to be produced by the temperature stress gradients or cyclic loading under wind pressure and/or earthquake load. Both effects are strongly influenced on the strength of the R/C cooling tower shell structures. The reinforcing ratio is also the important factor to evaluate the ultimate strength of the R/C cooling tower shells. However we could not analyze these structures experimentally because of their large, analyses are the powerful schemes to evaluate the safety and reliability of these structures. The analyzed model is Port Gibson cooling tower shell. In the numerical analysis the geometric and material nonlinearities are taken into account.
TWO-SWITCH BOOST CHOPPER-BASED PFC RECTIFIER FOR ELECTRONIC BALLAST
Nobuo TAKAHASHI,Yoshito KATO,Masaaki OHKITA,Kenzo OKUTSU,Makoto MATSUYAMA,Mutsuo NAKAOKA 전력전자학회 1998 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.- No.-
This paper presents a two-switch boost chopper with a sinewave current shaping and power factor correction scheme, which is applied for driving electronic ballast using high frequency resonant inverter.<br/> A working principle of the proposed one-converter type electronic ballast with power factor correction and active filtering schemes is described on the bases of the equivalent circuit of each operation mode, together with operation analysis. The steady-state performance evaluations of this electronic ballast are illustrated and discussed in experiment.<br/>