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Ed Magnuson,이인환 해군대학 1981 海洋戰略 Vol.- No.3
예산의 대폭적인 감축과 세금 인하로 인기를 얻고 있는 미국의 새 대통령은 지난주에 돈을 아껴 쓰는 것뿐만 아니라 또한 아낌없이 분배해 줄 수도 있다는 것을 보여주었다. 국내의 경제적인 문제로부터 해외의 소련 위협으로 정책방향을 돌려 레이건 행정부는 미국 역사상 최대의 평시 군사력 증강계획을 발표했다. 이 5개년 계획은 현재의 국방예산을 2배로 증액시켜 1981년의 1,710억불에서 1986년의 3,675억불로 끌어 올리게 될 것이다. 이 새로운 예산지출에 있어서 최초의 큰 증액은 현재와 1982년 사이의 16%가 뛰어오름으로써 326억불이 소요될 것이다. 총 5년에 걸쳐서 소요되는 비용은 합계 1조5천억불에 이를 것이다.
O-Sullivan, I,Chopra, A,Kim, T S,Magnuson, S,Falduto, M T,Huang, J,Cohen, E P Nature Publishing Group 2007 Cancer gene therapy Vol.14 No.4
This study describes a new strategy for the identification of squamous carcinoma antigens tumor-associated antigens (TAA). The antigens were discovered by comparing microarrays of squamous carcinoma vaccines highly enriched for immunotherapeutic cells with non-enriched vaccines. The vaccines were prepared by transferring sheared genomic DNA fragments (25 kb) from KLN205 cells, a squamous carcinoma cell line (DBA/2 mouse origin (H-2<SUP>d</SUP>) into LM fibroblasts (C3H/He origin, H-2<SUP>k</SUP>). The transferred tumor DNA segments integrate spontaneously into the genome of the recipient cells, replicate as the cells divide and are expressed. As only a small proportion of the transfected cell population was expected to have incorporated DNA segments that included genes specifying TAA (the vast majority specify normal cellular constituents), a novel strategy was employed to enrich the vaccine for TAA-positive cells. Microarrays were used to compare genes expressed by enriched and non-enriched vaccines. Seventy-five genes were overexpressed in cells from the enriched vaccine. One, the gene for Cytochrome P450 (family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1) (Cyp2e1), was overexpressed in the enriched but not the non-enriched vaccine. A vaccine for squamous carcinoma was prepared by transfer of a 357 bp fragment of the gene for Cyp2e1 into the fibroblast cell line. Robust immunity, sufficient to result in indefinite survival, was induced in tumor-bearing mice immunized with cells transfected with this gene fragment.Cancer Gene Therapy (2007) 14, 389–398. doi:10.1038/sj.cgt.7701023; published online 2 February 2007
Choi, Eun Hye,Ok, Hyun Ee,Yoon, Yoosik,Magnuson, Bernadene A.,Kim, Mi Kyung,Chun, Hyang Sook John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Biofactors Vol.29 No.1
<P>The toxicities associated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a potent broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent, can not only affect the morbidity and the efficacy of chemotherapy but also limit its clinical use. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of a commercial anthocyanin-rich extract from bilberry (AREB) against 5-FU-induced myelotoxicity in vivo, and against chemosensitivity to 5-FU in vitro. A single injection of 5-FU at 200 mg/kg induced severe peripheral erythrocytopenia, thrombocytopenia and leucopenia as well as hypocellularity of the spleen and bone marrow in C57BL/6 mice. Oral administration of 500 mg/kg of AREB for 10 days significantly increased the number of red blood cells, neutrophils, and monocytes in peripheral blood to 1.2-fold, 9-fold, and 6-fold, respectively, compared with those seen after treatment with 5-FU alone (p< 0.05–0.001). The hypocellularity of the spleen and bone marrow caused by 5-FU was also distinctly alleviated in the AREB-treated group. Furthermore, AREB treatment with 50 and 100 μg/ml as a monomeric anthocyanin did not interfere with, but rather enhanced the chemotherapeutic efficacy of 5-FU in vitro. These results suggest that AREB may have protective potential against 5-FU-induced myelotoxiciy and/or the ability to enhance the chemotherapeutic effectiveness of 5-FU.</P>