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심미 브라켓의 종류와 브라켓-호선 각도에 따른 마찰 저항에 대한 연구
제영지,장민희,임용규,이동렬 대한치과교정학회 2007 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.37 No.5
본 실험은 마찰력을 줄이고 물리적 성질을 개선하여 최근에 개발된 수 종의 심미 브라켓들과 교정 탄선간에 발생하는 마찰력의 크기를 측정, 비교해 보고자 하였다. 일반 슬롯의 세라믹 브라켓인 Inspire, Signature III와 Cristaline V, 스테인레스 스틸 (SS) 슬롯을 가진 세라믹 브라켓인 Clarity, 골드 슬롯을 가진 Luxi II, Polyoxymethylene 계열의 플라스틱 브라켓인 Brillant, SS 슬롯을 가진 컴파짓 브라켓인 Spirit MB, 금속 브라켓인 Integra를 사용하여 018″ 원형의 교정 탄선에 0˚, 4˚, 8˚의 tip angulation을 부여하고 elastic module로 결찰한 뒤 인공 타액 상태에서 활주이동할 때의 운동 마찰력을 측정하였다. 연구 결과 슬롯에 silica 처리된 세라믹 브라켓 (CR)이 유의하게 낮은 마찰력을 보였고 (P < 0.05), 단결정 세라믹 브라켓이 (IN) 유의하게 큰 마찰력을 보였다 (P < 0.05). 플라스틱 브라켓인 polyoxymethylene계열의 BR이 낮은 마찰력 양상을 보였고 이는 금속 브라켓과 유사하였다. 모든 브라켓에서 브라켓-탄선 각도가 증가함에 따라 유의하게 마찰력이 증가하였으나 주사전자현미경상에서 탄선이나 브라켓에 손상은 발견되지 않았다. 마찰력의 양상이 브라켓의 재질로 추측할 수 있는 것과는 다르게 나타난 결과로 보건대 심미 브라켓이 스테인레스 스틸 브라켓에 비해 마찰력 면에서는 오히려 우수하거나 큰 차이가 없으므로 임상적으로는 마찰력은 크게 고려하지 않아도 되겠다. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how the friction that occurs during the sliding movement of the archwire through esthetic brackets is differently affected by bracket materials, slot designs, and tip angulations of the archwire. Methods: Eight types of brackets with 0.018 inch slots (composite: Brillant (BR); composite with metal slot: Spirit MB (SP); ceramic: Inspire (IN), Signature (SI), Cristaline V (CR); ceramic with metal slot: Clarity (CL), Luxi II (LU); and metal bracket: Integra (IT)), and placed into groups of 20 brackets in each group, were tested in artificial saliva with 0.018 inch stainless steel wire. The wire tip angulations were given as 0, 4 and 8 degrees. Results: CR group significantly showed the lowest frictional force with all wire tip angulations of 0, 4, and 8 degrees. IN significantly showed the highest frictional force (P < 0.001). BR (Polyoxymethylene) had significantly less frictional force than SP (Polycarbonate) (P < 0.001) and showed no significant difference between metal brackets. Friction was increased as the wire tip angulations were increased, but no notches were observed on any parts of the archwire. Conclusions : According to the results of this study, esthetic brackets are superior or similar to SS brackets from a frictional point of view.
The Relationship between Molecular Column Density and Visual Extinction in Dark Clouds
Minn, Y. K. 경희대학교 자연과학종합연구원 2001 자연과학논문집 Vol.7 No.-
By comparing the molecular observational data with the visual extinction in dark clouds, we derived the representative relations between the molecular column density and the visual extinction for the molecules ^(13)CO C^(18)O C^(17)O OH CH CS,H_(2)CO and HCO^(-). The molecular column densities general11 have positive linear relations with the visual extinction. The column density of ^(13)CO has the highest ratio of increase with the extinction while that of HCO^(-) has the lowest ratio of increase. The thresholds of visual extinction for the detection of molecules range from 0 4 mag for HCO^(-) to 1 9 mag for both C^(18)O and C^(17)O.
MicroRNA-200 family members and ZEB2 are associated with brain metastasis in gastric adenocarcinoma
MINN, YANG-KI,LEE, DA HYE,HYUNG, WOO JIN,KIM, JI EUN,CHOI, JUNJEONG,YANG, SEUNG-HO,SONG, HOTAEK,LIM, BEOM JIN,KIM, SE HOON Spandidos Publications 2014 International journal of oncology Vol.45 No.6
<P>Although the incidence of brain metastasis in gastric cancer is relatively low, its prevalence may increase with improved therapy and longer survival tumors. The molecular mechanisms underlying brain metastases are not well understood. To gain insight into the mechanism of brain metastasis, we studied differences in microRNA (miRNA) expression levels in 8 cases of matched primary gastric adenocarcinoma and brain metastatic adenocarcinoma using the Illumina microRNA microarray chip. We identified 6 upregulated and 2 downregulated miRNAs in all 8 cases simultaneously. Interestingly, 2 out of 8 miRNAs (hsa-miR?141-3p and hsa-miR-200b-3p) belonged to the miR-200 family. Online microRNA database searching revealed that ZEB2 is the top-ranked target gene for hsa-miR141-3p and hsa-miR-200b-3p, prompting us to focus ZEB2 expression in brain metastatic adenocarcinoma. We confirmed that ZEB2 expression was markedly downregulated in some brain metastatic samples. In addition, decreased ZEB2 expression was noted by western blot analysis of 2 metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma cell types that were derived by in vivo selection following intracardiac injection of gastric cancer cell lines. In conclusion, we demonstrate that expression of miRNA-200 family members and ZEB2 are associated with brain metastases of gastric adenocarcinoma, not only in matched patient samples, but also in metastatic cell lines that were derived by in vivo selection.</P>
The Teaching of Interpreting into B-Some Conclusions Gathered from 25 Years' Training Experience
Minns, Philip 한국국제회의통역학회 2002 통역과 번역 Vol.4 No.2
As globalisation and particularly EU enlargement generate more international meetings and contacts, a larger number of languages are being used in multilingual conferences throughout the world. Trainers of conference interpreters and the schools with which they are associated must respond to this challenge. Without taking a position on whether interpreting into A or into B produces better results, the author describes the methods he has used for the teaching of interpreting into B as ESIT and elsewhere over the past 25 years.
ON QUANTUM THEORY OF THE BLACKHOLE
MINN JOOHA 木浦大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1992 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.10 No.-
According to general relativity, blackholes emits absolutely nothing. But in 1975 S.Hawking pointed out, with quantum mechanics incorporated, that blackholes can emit every kinds of particles. Here quantum field theory, especially its symmetry principle is invoked to study this conflicting property of black holes.