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노인의 약물 지식 정도와 약물 사용실태 및 약물 오·남용 행위
구예나,김민경,김진윤,배윤,서민혜,정은혜,지수현,차미나,Choi, Jenny 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2013 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.47
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for use in the upgrade of healthcare for the elderly and to provide guidance toward educating the elderly in the proper use of medications by determining the level of drug knowledge, current use, and adherence by the elderly. Method: The participants of this study were selected using the convenient sampling method. Participants of this study comprised of 160 elderly who were aged 65 or older, who were participants to the elderly municipal welfare center in Seoul. The instrument used for this study was a structured questionnaire (Han,2011). Collected data were analyzed using the SPSS20.0 program with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Result: The mean score for drug knowledge was 7.6±2.9 and drug misuse was 4.7±2.8. There were significant differences about drug knowledge according to the following: level of education (F=8.053 p=.000), and spouse (t=2.14 p=.034). There were significant differences between drug misuse and monthly income (F=2.167 p=.040). There was no statistically significant relationship between drug knowledge and drug misuse (r=-.087, p=.271). Conclusion: A replication study based on broader region and in-depth research is needed. The development of the customized education protocol considering various levels of education, income, spouse and physical condition are needed. Further research is suggested to find out the status of medication education for the elderly by nurses.
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Estimating black hole masses in young radio sources using CFHT spectroscopy
Gu, M.F.,Pak, S.,Ho, L.C. WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Astronomische Nachrichten Vol.330 No.2
<P>The correlation between black hole masses and stellar velocity dispersions provides an efficient method to determine the masses of black holes in active galaxies. We obtained optical spectra of a Compact-Steep-Spectrum (CSS) galaxy 4C +29.70, using the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) equipped with OSIS, in 2003 August 6. Several stellar absorption features, such asMg I (5175 Å), Ca E band (5269 Å) and Na D (5890 Å), were detected in the spectra. The stellar velocity dispersion, σ, of the host galaxy, measured from absorption features is ≈250 km s<SUP>–1</SUP>. If 4C +29.70 follows the M<SUB>BH</SUB>-σ relation established for nearby galaxies, then its central black hole has a mass of ≈3.3 × 10<SUP>8</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>. In combination with the black hole masses of seven GPS galaxies in Snellen et al. (2003), we find that the average black hole mass of these eight young radio sources is smaller than that of the Bettoni et al. (2003) sample of extended radio galaxies. This may indicate that young radio sources are likely at the early evolutionary stage of radio galaxies, at which the central black holes may still undergo rapid growth. However, this needs further investigations (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</P>
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Elementary properties of ~-isometries on a Hilbert space
Cho, M.,Gu, C.,Lee, W.Y. North Holland [etc.] 2016 Linear algebra and its applications Vol.511 No.-
<P>Inspired by recent works on m-isometries for a positive integer m, in this paper we introduce the classes of infinity-isometries and infinity-unitaries on a Hilbert space. We show that an infinity-isometry on a finite dimensional complex Hilbert space H with dimension N is in fact an (2N - 1)-isometry. We describe the spectra of such operators, study the quasinilpotent perturbations of infinity-isometries and characterize when tensor products of infinity-isometries are also infinity-isometries. As a surprising by-product, we obtain a generalization of Nagy-Foias Langer decomposition of a contraction into an unitary and a completely nonunitary contraction. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>
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Hyam, S.R.,Lee, I.A.,Gu, W.,Kim, K.A.,Jeong, J.J.,Jang, S.E.,Han, M.J.,Kim, D.H. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2013 european journal of pharmacology Vol.708 No.1
Seeds of Arctium lappa, containing arctigenin and its glycoside arctiin as main constituents, have been used as a diuretic, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying agent in Chinese traditional medicine. In our preliminary study, arctigenin inhibited IKKβ and NF-κB activation in peptidoglycan (PGN)- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peritoneal macrophages. To understand the anti-inflammatory effect of arctigenin, we investigated its anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages and on LPS-induced systemic inflammation as well as 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in mice. Arctigenin inhibited LPS-increased IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α expression in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages, but increased LPS-reduced IL-10 and CD204 expression. Arctigenin inhibited LPS-induced PI3K, AKT and IKKβ phosphorylation, but did not suppress LPS-induced IRAK-1 phosphorylation. However, arctigenin did not inhibit NF-κB activation in LPS-stimulated PI3K siRNA-treated peritoneal macrophages. Arctigenin suppressed the binding of p-PI3K antibody and the nucleus translocation of NF-κB p65 in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. Arctigenin suppressed blood IL-1β and TNF-α level in mice systemically inflamed by intraperitoneal injection of LPS. Arctigenin also inhibited colon shortening, macroscopic scores and myeloperoxidase activity in TNBS-induced colitic mice. Arctigenin inhibited TNBS-induced IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 expression, as well as PI3K, AKT and IKKβ phosphorylation and NF-κB activation in mice, but increased IL-10 and CD204 expression. However, it did not affect IRAK-1 phosphorylation. Based on these findings, arctigenin may ameliorate inflammatory diseases, such as colitis, by inhibiting PI3K and polarizing M1 macrophages to M2-like macrophages.
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봉진구,황정연<SUP>1<.SUP>,박성환,Jin Gu Bong,M.D.,Jung Yun Huang,Ph.D.<SUP>1<.SUP> and Sung Hwan Park,M.D. 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2010 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.10 No.1
Purpose: X-ray microscopy with synchrotron radiation will soon be a useful tool for innovative x-ray imaging in clinical and laboratory settings. It enables us to observe the detailed internal structure of human tissue samples with great magnification power and excellent resolution. So, it has the possibility to be used for the clinical and research purposes to investigate thyroid diseases if it can effectively evaluate the various conditions of thyroid tissue. To determine the relation with their optical microscopic features, we compared the synchrotron X-ray images of unstained normal and thyroid cancer tissue samples with the histopathologic findings of their adjacent, stained thyroid tissue sections. Methods: An x-ray microscope was installed on a 1B2 beamline with a Pohang Light Source, which is a 3rd generation synchrotron radiation facility with an operating energy of 2.5 GeV at Pohang, Korea. The x-ray energy was set at 11.1 keV and the x-ray beam was monochromatized using a W/B4C monochromator. Formalin-fixed 10Ռm-thick female thyroid tissues from normal cases and carcinoma cases were attached on Kapton film for the imaging. The sample was positioned 25 m away from the beam source. The x-ray image of the sample was converted into a visual image on the CsI (TI) scintillation crystal, and it was magnified 20 times by the microscopic objective lens. After an additional 10 times digital magnification, this visual image was captured by a full frame CCD camera. Results: The monochromated x-ray microscopic images of the female thyroid tissues of the normal cases and carcinoma cases were obtained with good resolution. These synchrotron images showed the normal follicular structures in the normal thyroid tissue sections and the characteristic severe stromal fibrosis with collagen fiber accumulation in the cancer tissue sections. Conclusion: Owing to the great magnification and excellent resolution, the synchrotron x-ray microscopic images of the normal and cancerous thyroid tissues showed good correspondence with the histopathologic findings of their adjacent, stained tissue sections. So, the x-ray microscopic imaging of thyoid tissue using synchrotron radiation has good potential for use in various clinical and research settings in the future. (Korean J Endocrine Surg 2010;10: 19-23)
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Gu, Ja K.,Charles, Luenda E.,Burchfiel, Cecil M.,Andrew, Michael E.,Ma, Claudia,Bang, Ki Moon,Violanti, John M. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2013 Safety and health at work Vol.4 No.1
Objectives: To investigate the association between psychological distress and obesity among law enforcement officers (LEOs) in the United States. Methods: Self-reported data on psychological distress based on six key questions were obtained from LEOs who participated in the National Health Interview Survey (2004-2010). We used Prochaska's cut-point of a Kessler 6 score ${\geq}5$ for moderate/high mental distress in our analysis. Mean levels of body mass index (BMI) were compared across three levels of psychological distress. Results: The average age of LEOs (n = 929) was 39.3 years; 25% were female. Overall, 8.1% of LEOs had moderate or high psychological distress; 37.5% were obese (BMI ${\geq}30$). Mean BMI increased with increasing psychological distress (no distress, BMI = $27.2kg/m^2$; mild distress, $27.6kg/m^2$; and moderate/high distress, $33.1kg/m^2$; p = 0.016) after adjustment for age, race, income, and education level among female officers only. Physical activity modified the association between psychological distress and BMI but only among male LEOs (interaction p = 0.002). Among male LEOs reporting low physical activity, psychological distress was positively associated with BMI ($30.3kg/m^2$ for no distress, 30.7 for mild distress, 31.8 for moderate/high distress; p = 0.179) after adjustment, but not significantly. This association was not significant among males reporting high physical activity. Conclusion: Mean BMI significantly increased as psychological distress increased among female LEOs. A longitudinal study design may reveal the directionality of this association as well as the potential role that physical activity might play in this association.
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Ja K Gu,Luenda E Charles,Cecil M Burchfiel,Michael E Andrew,Claudia Ma,Ki Moon Bang,John M Violanti 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2013 Safety and health at work Vol.4 No.1
Objectives: To investigate the association between psychological distress and obesity among law enforcement officers (LEOs) in the United States. Methods: Self-reported data on psychological distress based on six key questions were obtained from LEOs who participated in the National Health Interview Survey (2004-2010). We used Prochaska's cut-point of a Kessler 6 score ≥ 5 for moderate/high mental distress in our analysis. Mean levels of body mass index (BMI) were compared across three levels of psychological distress. Results: The average age of LEOs (n = 929) was 39.3 years; 25% were female. Overall, 8.1% of LEOs had moderate or high psychological distress; 37.5% were obese (BMI ≥ 30). Mean BMI increased with increasing psychological distress (no distress, BMI = 27.2 kg/m2; mild distress, 27.6 kg/m2; and moderate/high distress, 33.1 kg/m2; p = 0.016) after adjustment for age, race, income, and education level among female officers only. Physical activity modified the association between psychological distress and BMI but only among male LEOs (interaction p = 0.002). Among male LEOs reporting low physical activity, psychological distress was positively associated with BMI (30.3 kg/m2 for no distress, 30.7 for mild distress, 31.8 for moderate/high distress; p = 0.179) after adjustment, but not significantly. This association was not significant among males reporting high physical activity. Conclusion: Mean BMI significantly increased as psychological distress increased among female LEOs. A longitudinal study design may reveal the directionality of this association as well as the potential role that physical activity might play in this association.
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Lee, H.,Gu, M.,Kim, Y.J.,Hwang, J.,Jung, U. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2012 Atmospheric environment Vol.54 No.-
Topographic Target Light scattering Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (ToTaL-DOAS) measurements were performed in a street canyon in Gwangju, Korea (35<SUP>o</SUP>10'51.43''N, 126<SUP>o</SUP>52'53.74''E) during a period of 10 days in October 2010. NO<SUB>2</SUB> slant volume mixing ratios (VMRs) at the lowest elevation angle (EL) of 1<SUP>o</SUP>, as obtained from ToTaL-DOAS measurements, were validated via comparisons with collocated in situ ground data, showing good agreement within a scatter range of 20% during the entire measurement period, and within a scatter range of 15% when cloudy days were excluded. For the first time, based on inversion calculations using ToTaL-DOAS data, we retrieved NO<SUB>2</SUB> vertical distributions that consist of five layers (from 6 to 118m) for three measurement days. We obtained generally decreasing NO<SUB>2</SUB> VMRs with altitude, whereas increased NO<SUB>2</SUB> VMRs at two elevated layers (6-19m and 19-33m) were observed on 26 and 27 October. We obtained a coefficient of determination (R<SUP>2</SUP>) of 0.87 (0.61) between slant VMRs at 1<SUP>o</SUP> EL (retrieved NO<SUB>2</SUB> VMRs in the layer from 6m to 19m) and in situ data, with the scatter of the correlation being within the 15% (10%) range. The relation between retrieved NO<SUB>2</SUB> VMRs at 6-19m and slant VMRs at 1<SUP>o</SUP> EL yielded an R<SUP>2</SUP> value of 0.97, with the scatter of the correlation being within the 5% range. The results demonstrate that the ToTaL-DOAS technique is a useful tool in identifying the temporal and vertical characteristics of NO<SUB>2</SUB> VMRs in an urban street canyon with a complex geometry.
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