Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer in Rural Areas of Wuhan China: a Matched Case-control Study

Zhang, Bin,Zhou, Ai-Fen,Zhu, Chang-Cai,Zhang, Ling,Xiang, Bing,Chen, Zhong,Hu, Rong-Hua,Zhang, Ya-Qi,Qiu, Lin,Zhang, Yi-Ming,Xiong, Chao-Du,Du, Yu-Kai,Shi, Yu-Qin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.12

Cervical cancer is a serious public health problem in developing countries. We investigated possible risk factors for cervical cancer in rural areas of Wuhan China using a matched case-control study with 33 women diagnosed with cervical cancer and 132 healthy women selected from the same area as matched controls. A questionnaire, which included questions about general demography conditions, environmental and genetic factors, the first sexual intercourse, first marriage age, age at first pregnancy, pregnancy first child's age, female personal health history, social psychological factors, dietary habits, smoking and alcohol status and other living habits was presented to all participants. At the same time, HPV infection of every participant was examined in laboratory testing. Results showed HPV infection (P<0.000, OR=23.4) and pregnancy first child's age (P<0.000, OR=13.1) to be risk factors for cervical cancer. Menopause (P=0.003, OR=0.073) was a protective factor against cervical cancer. However, there was no indication of associations of environmental (drinking water, insecticide, disinfectant) genetic (cancer family history), or life-style factors (smoking status, alcohol status, physical training, sleep quality), including dietary habits (intake of fruit and vegetable, meat, fried food, bean products and pickled food) or social psychological factors with cervical cancer. The results suggest that the risk of cervical cancer in Chinese rural women may be associated with HPV infection, menopause and the pregnancy first child's age.

Succession of the Nanoplankton Community during a Brown Tide in a Scallop Culture Area in China

Ling Qiao,Jie Yu,Ying Li,Haobing Guo,Yu Zhen,Lingling Zhang,Tiezhu Mi,Fuchong Zhang,Zhenmin Bao 한국해양과학기술원 2019 Ocean science journal Vol.54 No.3

Brown tides caused by Aureococcus anophagefferens have occurred frequently in the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao since 2009. The Changli coast is the area most strongly affected by the brown tides, which result in significant economic losses and serious ecological harm. To understand the effects of brown tides on nanoplankton diversity and biomass, samples were collected from May to July in 2012 at station XKK, which is approximately 0.2 nautical miles off the Changli coast. The V9 region of the 18S rDNA gene was used as a marker and was analyzed by Illumina sequencing to assess the nanoplankton diversity and biomass, and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was performed to analyze the temporal variations in the copy concentrations of the 18S rDNA of nanoplankton. The results showed that nanoplankton diversity, as determined by the Shannon index, decreased from May to June and increased in July. Illumina sequencing analysis revealed that the plankton community differed among the samples from May to July, and over this period, the dominant phytoplankton groups changed from pelagophytes to chlorophytes. Sufficient nutrients and low grazing pressure by zooplankton and scallops accelerated the growth of small-celled phytoplankton. A. anophagefferens was the most dominant phytoplankton species, with an 18S rDNA maximum copy concentration detected on 26 June, followed by Micromonas sp. and Bathycoccus prasinos, with maximum copy concentrations observed on 3 July. Ciliophora, Arthropoda and Cercozoa were the dominant taxa of the local zooplankton community. The Ciliophora and Arthropoda biomasses decreased, and the Cercozoa biomass increased when the copy concentration of A. anophagefferens peaked on 26 June. We suspect that A. anophagefferens had a significantly negative effect on the growth of Ciliophora and Arthropoda and could be ingested by Cercozoa to promote its proliferation. The small and low-abundance plankton that are likely missed in microscopic and clone library analyses could be detected using Illumina sequencing and qPCR, which provide an effective method for a comprehensive analysis of the plankton community.

Identification of S-Genotypes in Chinese Pear Cultivars and Analysis of Nucleotide Sequences of New S-Alleles

Yu Yan Zhang,Shao Ling Zhang,Jun Wu 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Rheological Phase Synthesis of Er-Doped LiV3O8 as Electroactive Material for a Cathode of Secondary Lithium Storage

Ling-Ling Xie,Yuan-Dong Xu,Jie-Jie Zhang,Cheng-Peng Zhang,Xiao-Yu Cao,Ling-Bo Qu 대한금속·재료학회 2013 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.9 No.4

Er-doped LiV3O8 as cathode material for secondary lithium batteries was prepared through a rheological phase reaction method. The as-prepared materials were investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and galvanostatic discharge/charge measurements. The results indicate that Er doped phase preserves the layered structure of the pristine LiV3O8 and has an enlarged interlayer spacing. Compared to LiV3O8 sample, Er-doped LiV3O8 sample displays more uniform particles and large surface area. The electrochemical test shows that Er doping does not change the process of Li+ insertion/deinsertion. Er-doped LiV3O8 electrode exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 294.2 mAh g−1 and maintains a stable capacity of 220.7 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles, indicating a greatly improved good cycleability comparing with the undoped one.

Co3(PO4)2-Coated LiV3O8 as Positive Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

Ling-Ling Xie,Li-Qin You,Xiao-Yu Cao,Chao-Feng Zhang,Da-Wei Song,Ling-Bo Qu 대한금속·재료학회 2012 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.8 No.4

Co3(PO4)2-coated LiV3O8 has been successfully synthesized and used as positive material for rechargeable lithium batteries by a facile liquid phase method. The as-prepared powders were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the galvanostatic discharge/charge experiments. As-prepared Co3(PO4)2-coated LiV3O8 forms a good layered structure with a poor cyrstallinity. SEM reveals that Co3(PO4)2-coated LiV3O8 has uniform particle distribution and reduced particle size when compared with bare one. The Co3(PO4)2 coating layer is about 33 - 59 nm forming a continuous lumps attached to LiV3O8 particle surface. Co3(PO4)2-coated LiV3O8 electrode shows increased capacity and more stable cycling. The first and 35th discharge capacities of the Co3(PO4)2-coated LiV3O8electrode are 322.8 mAh g−1 and 235.7 mAh g−1 in the range of 4.0 - 1.8 V at a current rate of 30 mA g−1, respectively. The improved electrochemical performance is assigned to the greatly reduced LiV3O8 particle with uniform morphology. Co3(PO4)2-coating further benefits the phase transitions of LiV3O8 during discharge/charge while preventing parasite reactions between electrode surface and electrolyte.

Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of LiV3O8/PAn Composite as a Cathode Material for Lithium Secondary Batteries

Ling-Ling Xie,Xiao-Yu Cao,Li-Xu Zhang,Zhong-Xu Dai,Ling-Bo Qu 대한금속·재료학회 2013 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.9 No.2

A LiV3O8/polyaniline (PAn) composite was prepared by the in-situ polymerization method assisted by sodium dodecyl sulfate and ammonium persulfate. The as-prepared powders were investigated by XRD, SEM, and galvanostatic discharge/charge analysis. It was found that the introduction of PAn to LiV3O8 can effectively buffer the mechanical stress and restrain the number of phase changes of composite material during the electrochemical cycling. Compared with pristine LiV3O8, LiV3O8/PAn composite maintains a reversible capacity of 212.1 mAh g−1 at the current density of 30 mA g−1 after 50 cycles, approximately 22.6%, much higher than the former.

지역문화자원을 활용한 중국 박물관의 장소성 표현 연구 - 서북 지역 중소형 박물관을 중심으로 -

장령옥 ( Zhang Ling-yu ),나일민 ( Nah Ilmin ) 대한전시디자인학회 2024 전시디자인연구 Vol.21 No.1

개혁개방 이후 중국은 급속한 도시화와 상업 건축붐을 경험하며 획일적 도시 경관과 유의미한 장소 상실과 같은 문제에 당면하고 있다. 박물관 역시 맹목적인 현대화를 추구하며 지역의 자연이나 역사, 문화 맥락을 반영하기보다는, 양적 팽창을 추구하고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 중국 내에서도 다소 소외되어 발전해온 서북지역 박물관이 어떻게 지역의 역사문화자원을 활용하여 차별화된 장소성을 표현하는지 고찰한다. 중국 내 최대 규모의 타클라마칸 사막이 있는 서북지역은, 건조한 기후와 척박한 자연 조건에도 불구하고 실크로드의 교차로로 기능을 하며 중원과 서역문화가 어우러 진 고대 불교 예술과 둔황 막고굴과 같은 세계적 문화유산을 꽃피운 곳이다. 먼저 장소성의 개념과 형성 요소 및 서북 지역의 자연과 역사문화환경의 특수성을 고찰하고, 해당 지역의 박물관 3곳(수동구 지역박물관, 둔황 막고굴 센터, 서안 취장 미술관)의 건축 외관과 내부 콘텐츠 속 지역문화 활용법을 알아보았다. 모두가 건축 공간적으로는 지역의 (자연)풍광과 색, 역사를 현지의 자연 재료 및 현대적 인공 재료를 혼합하여 상징적으로 시각화하였고, 전시 프로그램 면에서는 척박한 사막의 선사 및 고대 불교 문화의 태동지로서의 역사를 녹여낸 스토리텔링이나 첨단 기술을 활용한 체험 콘텐츠로 역사성을 강조하며 장소성을 강화하고 있는 곳이었다. 이처럼 중국 서북의 박물관 공간 전략과 동향을 확인한 본 연구가 전 지구적 도시화와 기후 위기로 인한 세계의 자연과 문화유산의 위기에 당면한 현 상황에서, 지역 공동체의 기억과 문화유산을 전승하며 세계 문화의 다양성을 보존하는 유의미한 장소로서의 지속가능한 박물관의 지역 문화 활용법과 디자인 연구에 기여하기를 바란다. After the reform and opening up, China has experienced rapid urbanization and commercial architectural construction boom, and is currently facing the problems of monotonous urban landscape and loss of meaningful place. In their blind pursuit of modernization, museums have also pursued quantitative expansion rather than reflecting the locality. This study explores how museums in northwest China use local historical and cultural resources to express different sense of place. The northwest region has China's largest Taklimakan Desert. Despite its dry climate and barren natural environment, the region serves as the intersection of the Silk Road, melting the cultures of Central Plains and the West, and has world cultural heritage sites such as ancient Buddhist art and the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes. After clarifying the definition of sense of place and the nature, history, and cultural environment of the northwest region, we have examined how the local culture is integrated in the space and contents design of three local museums (Shuidonggou Site Museum, Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes Digital Center, Xi'an QujiangArt museum). The case study demonstrates that most of the museums symbolically visualized local (natural) landscapes, colors, and history through a mixture of local natural elements and modern materials in the architecture. The sense of place was also strengthen by their exhibitions’ storytelling or new technology experience contents, melting the local identity as the birthplace of ancient Buddhist art and culture in the barren desert. As such, this study brings insights on the contemporary museum space strategies of northwest China. In the current global urbanization and climate crisis context, we hope that this study contributes to the future sustainable museum design research, to become as a place to protect the local identity and world's cultural diversity.

Intense red photoluminescence and mechanoluminescence from Mn2+-activated SrZnSO with a layered structure

Zhou, Yu,Yang, Yun-Ling,Fan, Yu-Ting,Yang, Woochul,Zhang, Wei-Bin,Hu, Jian-Feng,Zhang, Zhi-Jun,Zhao, Jing-Tai The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 Journal of Materials Chemistry C Vol.7 No.26

<P>A series of novel red emitting Mn<SUP>2+</SUP>-activated SrZnSO phosphors were successfully synthesized by solid-state reaction at high temperature. The photoluminescence (PL) and mechanoluminescence (ML) properties of these Mn<SUP>2+</SUP>-activated SrZnSO phosphors with different Mn<SUP>2+</SUP> concentrations were investigated. With increasing the concentration of Mn<SUP>2+</SUP> from <I>x</I> = 0 to 0.04, the unit cell volume increased from 153.82 to 154.19 Å<SUP>3</SUP> while the optical band gap decreased from 3.74 to 3.43 eV. The site occupation of Mn<SUP>2+</SUP> in the host lattice was demonstrated by Rietveld refinement, the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum, and the spectroscopic properties. A broad band emission peak at 603 nm of SrZn1−xMnxSO (0.001 ≤ <I>x</I> ≤ 0.04) with an excitation wavelength of 318 nm was attributed to electronic transitions of Mn<SUP>2+</SUP> from the <SUP>4</SUP>T1(<SUP>4</SUP>G) level to the <SUP>6</SUP>A1(<SUP>6</SUP>S) level. The lifetime of SrZn1−xMnxSO (0.001 ≤ <I>x</I> ≤ 0.04) decreased monotonously from 2.97 to 0.82 ms with increasing Mn<SUP>2+</SUP> concentration. In particular, intense emission of red light from SrZn1−xMnxSO (0.001 ≤ <I>x</I> ≤ 0.04) under compressive load could be observed even with the naked eye, indicating that SrZn1−xMnxSO could be used for stress sensors or stress imaging. There was a linear correlation between the ML intensity and external load in SrZn1−xMnxSO, and the ML intensity could be recovered under UV light irradiation. Considering its advantages of non-destruction, reproducibility, and high ML intensity, SrZn1−xMnxSO might be useful for non-destructive detection of stress.</P>

Correlation between Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Visceral Adipose Tissue in Non-Obese Chinese Adults: A CT Evaluation

Ai-Hong Yu,Yang-Yang Duan-Mu,Yong Zhang,Ling Wang,Zhe Guo,Yong-Qiang Yu,Yu-Sheng Wang,Xiao-Guang Cheng 대한영상의학회 2018 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.19 No.5

Objective: To investigate the correlation between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and visceral adipose tissue in non-obese Chinese adults using computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: The study included 454 subjects undergoing abdominal CT scan. Degree of CT attenuation in liver and spleen, and the degree of fat infiltration in liver were evaluated according to three indices: the attenuation value of liver parenchyma (CTLP), the attenuation ratio of liver and spleen (LSratio) and the attenuation difference between liver and spleen (LSdif). Visceral fat area (VFA) and total fat area (TFA) at L2/3 and L4/5 levels were measured, and the abdominal subcutaneous fat area (SFA) was calculated. Bivariate correlation analysis was carried out to determine the correlation among these factors. Results: In men, VFA, SFA and TFA at L2/3 and L4/5 levels showed significant differences in terms of the three indices to distinguish fatty liver from non-fatty liver (all, p < 0.001). In men, all the three indices showed negative correlation with TFA, SFA and VFA (all, p < 0.001). The negative correlation between the three indices and VFA at the L2/3 level was higher than at L4/5 level (r = -0.476 vs. r = -0.340 for CTLP, r = -0.502 vs. r = -0.413 for LSratio, r = -0.543 vs. r = -0.422 for LSdif, p < 0.001, respectively). The negative correlation between LSratio, LSdif and VFA at L2/3 and L4/5 levels was higher than SFA at the corresponding level. In women, all the three indices showed negative correlation with VFA and TFA at L2/3 and L4/5 levels, and the negative correlation between CTLP and VFA was higher at L2/3 level than at L4/5 level (r = -0.294 vs. r = -0.254, p < 0.001). Conclusion: In non-obese Chinese adults, the degree of hepatic fatty infiltration showed a strong correlation with abdominal fat on CT. VFA at L2/3 level was more closely related to fatty liver compared with VFA at L4/5 level.

New method for dependence assessment in human reliability analysis based on linguistic hesitant fuzzy information

Zhang, Ling,Zhu, Yu-Jie,Hou, Lin-Xiu,Liu, Hu-Chen Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.11

Human reliability analysis (HRA) is a proactive approach to model and evaluate human systematic errors, and has been extensively applied in various complicated systems. Dependence assessment among human errors plays a key role in the HRA, which relies heavily on the knowledge and experience of experts in real-world cases. Moreover, there are ofthen different types of uncertainty when experts use linguistic labels to evaluate the dependencies between human failure events. In this context, this paper aims to develop a new method based on linguistic hesitant fuzzy sets and the technique for human error rate prediction (THERP) technique to manage the dependence in HRA. This method handles the linguistic assessments given by experts according to the linguistic hesitant fuzzy sets, determines the weights of influential factors by an extended best-worst method, and confirms the degree of dependence between successive actions based on the THERP method. Finally, the effectiveness and practicality of the presented linguistic hesitant fuzzy THERP method are demonstrated through an empirical healthcare dependence analysis.