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Leonard, Cheryl A.,Ahn, Chang-Woo,Birch, Dixie The Ecological Society of Korea 2010 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.33 No.4
The primary purposes for using fire are to enhance marsh vegetation to support waterfowl, and to manage invasive plant species. The study was conducted for two consecutive years in 2004 and 2005, investigating the effects of prescribed fire regimes on vegetation biomass in tidal brackish marsh areas of the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge located on the eastern shore of Maryland, USA, that are under relatively similar environmental conditions. Four different burn regimes (i.e., annual burn, 3-5 year burn, 7-10 year burn, and no burn) were applied in the study. Above- and below-ground vegetation biomass samples as affected by the different burn regimes were harvested in each year for five plant species native to the marsh; Distichlis spicata, Spartina alterniflora, Schoenoplectus americanus, Spartina cynosuroides and Spartina patens. No significant difference was found either in total above-ground biomass or in above-ground biomass by species between burn regimes in 2004. However, more total above-ground biomass was produced in annual burn regime in 2005 than in the other burn regimes. There were no consistent effects of burning on vegetative biomass production by species, but it seemed D. spicata was somewhat benefited by prescribed burning for its biomass production. Moreover, the stem density for D. spicata under annual burn regime was significantly higher than that in the other burn regimes, showing some positive effects of burning on vegetation. The below-ground biomass was significantly greater in 2004 than in 2005, yet with no significant difference between burn regimes in either year. A longer-term monitoring is strongly recommended.
Leonard P. Gollobin,최두식 해군대학 1982 海洋戰略 Vol.- No.16
해군세력구조 기획 과정상의 시작과 최종단계에서 실시하는 세력구조분석을 위한 하나의 실험적인 접근법이 소개되었으며, 주요 정책입안자 및 분석가에 의해서 공인되고 있다. 이 접근법은 특별한 계산기법이 포함되어 있는 것은 아니지만, 분석의 개념과 방법을 잘 알려주고 있으며, 중간 및 최종 결과에 대한 실례를 제시하고 있기도 하다. 특히 광범한 정책에서 세력구조 기획상 문제를 논리적으로 분류하여 「시나리오」를 연구하고, 군에서 이전에 사용하던 기법에 의하여 분석되었딘 세부문제에 들어 가기까지 역점을 두었다. 분석한 결과는 종합하여 세력구조를 개선하는데 유용하게 적용하고, 정책수준의 의사결정권자를 이해시키는데 사용된다. 여기서 소개하는 접근법은 최근 미 해군 SEAPLAN 2,000 세력구조 연구의 정성적 분석에 적용하였으며, 본논자는 그 연구의 기술책임자( Technical Director )였었다. 그 연구의 결과로 도출된 세력선택( Force Option )의 예를 일부 제시하였다.
Leonard W.J. van der Kuijp 동국대학교 불교학술원 2023 International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Cultur Vol.33 No.1
Two incomplete manuscripts, one only slightly and the other much more so, of Karṇakagomin's (fl. 9th-10th) Pramāṇavārttikavṛttiṭīkā (hereafter PVVṬ) were discovered in Sa skya monastery, Central Tibet, in the early 1930s. The PVVṬ is a study of the Pramāṇavārttikasvavṛtti (hereafter PVSV), Dharmakīrti's (early 7th c.) auto-commentary on the first chapter of his Pramāṇavārttika (hereafter PV), the one that deals with inference. No Tibetan translation of this work is known ever to have been prepared. In the late thirteenth century, an indication of a work by someone whose name is given as either Ka lu ka or Ka lu ka mi tra surfaces in the relevant Tibetan literature. This man is said to have been the author of an exegesis of the PVSV. The name Ka lu ka resurfaces in several fifteenth century Tibetan literary sources as having been the author of a substantial commentary on the PVSV. To my knowledge, Btsun pa Ston gzhon's study of Dharmakīrti's PV of most probably 1297 is so far the only Tibetan work in which a certain Ka lu ka go mi is cited. The citation occurs in his comments on PV, IV: 191c-192, the contents of which Dharmakīrti prefigured in PVSV ad PV, I: 1, and in PV, IV: 37-39. Remarkably, the relevant passage in Karṇakagomin's PVVṬ ad PVSV ad PV, I: 1 is identical with the wording in Arcaṭa's (8th cen.) Hetubinduṭīkā (hereafter HBṬ) ad Dharmakīrti's Hetubindu (hereafter HB) 2.2-4. However, it is quite at odds with the quotation Btsun pa Ston gzhon attributed to Ka lu ka go mi! Hence, I therefore strongly suspect that Ka lu ka go mi and Karṇakagomin are not the same person. The question that now remains is who was this Ka lu ka or Ka lu ka go mi/mi tra?
Leonard D. Tijing,Bock Choon Pak(박복춘),Byung Joon Baek(백병준),Dong Hwan Lee(이동환) 대한기계학회 2006 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2006 No.11
The present study investigated the mechanism of physical water treatment through particle count analysis of the water sample with and without physical water treatment (PWT) technology. The PWT methods utilized catalytic devices and low-voltage-high-frequency device wherein water continuously recirculated through them. Concentrated hard water at 2,300-2,700 μS/㎝ electrical conductivity was utilized in the study at two different flow rates (i.e., 500 l/h, and 800 l/h). After 66 hours of operation for each test, the results showed that the total number of particles in the PWT-treated cases increased from 165-539% as compared with the no-treatment cases depending on the flow rate used. The present results provided by particle counting support the bulk precipitation hypothesis as the mechanism of PWT and electro-flocculation mechanism with the use of catalytic materials and LVHF technique.
Leonard T. Walsh,Andrew Groff,Abraham Mathew,Matthew T. Moyer 대한소아소화기영양학회 2020 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.23 No.1
The incidence of acute pancreatitis (AP) has increased in the pediatric population over the past few decades and it stands to follow that the complications of severe AP, including symptomatic pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) will increase as well. In adults, the therapeutic options for this situation have undergone a dramatic evolution from mainly surgical approaches to less invasive endoscopic approaches, mainly endoscopic ultrasound-guided transmural drainage (EUS-TD) followed be direct endoscopic necrosectomy if needed. This has proven safe and effective in adults; however, this approach has not been well studied or reported in pediatric populations. Here we demonstrate that EUS-TD seems to offer a safe, efficacious and minimally invasive approach to the management of large PFCs in pediatric patients by reviewing two representative cases at our institution.