An optimized method and a dominant selectable marker for genetic engineering of an industrially promising microalga-Pavlova lutheri

Prasad, Binod,Lein, Wolfgang,Lindenberger, Christoph Peter,Buchholz, Rainer,Vadakedath, Nithya Springer-Verlag 2019 Journal of applied phycology Vol.31 No.2

How graphene crosses a grain boundary on the catalyst surface during chemical vapour deposition growth

Dong, Jichen,Zhang, Leining,Zhang, Kaili,Ding, Feng The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Nanoscale Vol.10 No.15

<P>The chemical vapour deposition (CVD) growth of graphene is normally an epitaxial process, where the atomic structure of the adlayer should copy the texture of the substrate. However, it has been widely observed that single crystalline graphene grown on metal foil may cross a grain boundary (GB) of the substrate without forming any line defect, a necessary condition to change its crystalline orientation and maintain the structure registry with the substrate on the other side of the GB. Here, we present a comprehensive theoretical study on graphene growth behavior on polycrystalline metal substrates. Our density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that for graphene growth on most metal surfaces, the binding energy difference between the epitaxial and non-epitaxial graphene on the substrate is not large enough to compensate for the formation energy of a GB in graphene and therefore, during the CVD process, the growing graphene can pass through a GB on the metal surface without changing its crystalline orientation. Hence, graphene CVD growth cannot be strictly regarded as an epitaxial process; this conclusion is further verified by atomic simulations. The present study shows that the growth of graphene on a metal catalyst surface should be regarded rather as a quasi-epitaxial process, where a graphene domain is aligned only on the single crystalline metal facet on which it nucleates, but this structural registry with the metal substrate may be lost when the graphene crosses a GB on the metal surface.</P>

Control and Elimination of Rabies through Vaccination of Wildlife

Laura L,Bigler,Donald H,Lein 대한수의학회 1998 대한수의학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.1998 No.-

Colossal grain growth yields single-crystal metal foils by contact-free annealing

Jin, Sunghwan,Huang, Ming,Kwon, Youngwoo,Zhang, Leining,Li, Bao-Wen,Oh, Sangjun,Dong, Jichen,Luo, Da,Biswal, Mandakini,Cunning, Benjamin V.,Bakharev, Pavel V.,Moon, Inyong,Yoo, Won Jong,Camacho-Mojica American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2018 Science Vol.362 No.6418

<P><B>Turning many into one</B></P><P>Single-crystal metal foils are valuable for their surface properties that allow for synthesis of materials like graphene. Jin <I>et al.</I> present a strategy for creating colossal single-crystal metal foils called “contact-free annealing” (see the Perspective by Rollett). The method relies on hanging and heating commercially available, inexpensive, cold-rolled metal foils. Almost as if by magic, the polycrystalline grains rotate and anneal into a large single-crystal sheet with a specific crystal orientation. The strategy allows for the creation of much larger and much cheaper single-crystal metal foils.</P><P><I>Science</I>, this issue p. 1021; see also p. 996</P><P>Single-crystal metals have distinctive properties owing to the absence of grain boundaries and strong anisotropy. Commercial single-crystal metals are usually synthesized by bulk crystal growth or by deposition of thin films onto substrates, and they are expensive and small. We prepared extremely large single-crystal metal foils by “contact-free annealing” from commercial polycrystalline foils. The colossal grain growth (up to 32 square centimeters) is achieved by minimizing contact stresses, resulting in a preferred in-plane and out-of-plane crystal orientation, and is driven by surface energy minimization during the rotation of the crystal lattice followed by “consumption” of neighboring grains. Industrial-scale production of single-crystal metal foils is possible as a result of this discovery.</P>

Suitable reference genes for relative quantification of miRNA expression in prostate cancer

Annika Schaefer,Monika Jung,Kurt Miller,Michael Lein,Glen Kristiansen,Andreas Erbersdobler,Klaus Jung 생화학분자생물학회 2010 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.42 No.11

Real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) is the method of choice for miRNA expression studies. For relative quantification of miRNAs, normalization to proper reference genes is mandatory. Currently, no validated reference genes for miRNA qPCR in prostate cancer are available. In this study, the expression of four putative reference genes (hsa-miR-16, hsa-miR-130b, RNU6-2,SNORD7) was examined with regard to their use as normalizer. After SNORD7 was already shown an inappropriate reference gene in preliminary experiments using total RNA pools, we studied the expression of the putative reference genes in tissue and normal adjacent tissue sample pairs from 76 men with untreated prostate carcinoma collected after radical prostatectomy. hsa-miR-130b and RNU6-2 showed no significantly different expression between the matched malignant and non-malignant tissue samples, whereas hsa-miR-16was significantly underexpressed in malignant tissue. Softwares geNorm and Normfinder predicted hsamiR-130b and the geometric mean of hsa-miR-130b and RNU6-2 as the most stable reference genes. Normalization of the four miRNAs hsa-miR-96, hsamiR-125b, hsa-miR-205, and hsa-miR-375, which were previously shown to be regulated, shows that normalization to hsa-mir-16 can lead to biased results. We recommend using hsa-miR-130b or the geometric mean of hsa-miR-130b and small RNA RNU6-2 for normalization in miRNA expression studies of prostate cancer.

Current Trends and Recent Advances in Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Wang, Chun-Hsiang,Wey, Keh-Cherng,Mo, Lein-Ray,Chang, Kuo-Kwan,Lin, Ruey-Chang,Kuo, Jen-Juan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.9

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been one of the most fatal malignant tumors worldwide and its associated morbidity and mortality remain of significant concern. Based on in-depth reviews of serological diagnosis of HCC, in addition to AFP, there are other biomarkers: Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP (AFP-L3), descarboxyprothrombin (DCP), tyrosine kinase with Ig and eprdermal growth factor (EGF) homology domains 2 (TIE2)-espressing monocytes (TEMs), glypican-3 (GPC3), Golgi protein 73 (GP73), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) have been proposed as biomarkers for the early detection of HCC. The diagnosis of HCC is primarily based on noninvasive standard imaging methods, such as ultrasound (US), dynamic multiphasic multidetector-row CT (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Some experts advocate gadolinium diethyl-enetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) MRI and contrast-enhanced US as the promising imaging madalities of choice. With regard to recent advancements in tissue markers, many cuting-edge technologies using genome-wide DNA microarrays, qRT-PCR, and proteomic and inmunostaining studies have been implemented in an attempt to identify markers for early diagnosis of HCC. Only less than half of HCC patients at initial diagnosis are at an early stage treatable with curative options: local ablation, surgical resection, or liver transplant. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is considered the standard of care with palliation for intermediate stage HCC. Recent innovative procedures using drug-eluting-beads and radioembolization using Yttrium-90 may exhibit beneficial effects in HCC treatment. During the past few years, several molecular targeted agents have been evaluated in clinical trials in advanced HCC. Sorafenib is currently the only approved systemic treatment for HCC. It has been approved for the therapy of asymptomatic HCC patients with well-preserved liver function who are not candidates for potentially curative treatments, such as surgical resection or liver transplantation. In the USA, Europe and particularly Japan, hepatitis C virus (HCV) related HCC accounts for most liver cancer, as compared with Asia-Pacific regions, where hepatitis B virus (HBV) may play a more important role in HCC development. HBV vaccination, while a vaccine is not yet available against HCV, has been recognized as a best primary prevention method for HBV-related HCC, although in patients already infected with HBV or HCV, secondary prevention with antiviral therapy is still a reasonable strategy. In addition to HBV and HCV, attention should be paid to other relevant HCC risk factors, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease due to obesity and diabetes, heavy alcohol consumption, and prolonged aflatoxin exposure. Interestingly, coffee and vitamin K2 have been proven to provide protective effects against HCC. Regarding tertiary prevention of HCC recurrence after surgical resection, addition of antiviral treatment has proven to be a rational strategy.

Interaction of factors affecting vibration transmission to skeleton during standing: A narrative review

( Harshvardhan Singh ),( William R. Reed ),( Donald H. Lein ),( Shannon L. Mathis ),( Richard D. Davis ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2018 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.30 No.1

There is a lack of consensus on the effects of vibration therapy on bone outcome measures. Vibration is a mechanical stimulus and can produce mechanical loading on bone. Similar to site-specific effects of mechanical loading on bone, vibration therapy can also produce site-specific effects. Notably, skeletal effects of vibration therapy could depend on the degree of vibration signal that is received by respective skeletal sites. Thus, vibration transmissibility can dictate, in part, effects of vibration therapy on bone outcome measures. Factors at various levels such as the type of vibration, type of population receiving vibration, and their interaction could affect vibration transmission. In addition, vibration amplitude, vibration frequency, joint position, body posture, resonance frequency of skeletal sites, tissue composition of human body including bone geometry can affect vibration transmission across the human body. The main aim of this review is to summarize the published evidence of various factors that affect vibration transmission which will help to inform future evidence based vibration therapy protocols for skeletal rehabilitation in various populations.

Suitable reference genes for relative quantification of miRNA expression in prostate cancer

Schaefer, Annika,Jung, Monika,Miller, Kurt,Lein, Michael,Kristiansen, Glen,Erbersdobler, Andreas,Jung, Klaus Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bion 2010 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.42 No.11

Real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) is the method of choice for miRNA expression studies. For relative quantification of miRNAs, normalization to proper reference genes is mandatory. Currently, no validated reference genes for miRNA qPCR in prostate cancer are available. In this study, the expression of four putative reference genes (hsa-miR-16, hsa-miR-130b, RNU6-2, SNORD7) was examined with regard to their use as normalizer. After SNORD7 was already shown an inappropriate reference gene in preliminary experiments using total RNA pools, we studied the expression of the putative reference genes in tissue and normal adjacent tissue sample pairs from 76 men with untreated prostate carcinoma collected after radical prostatectomy. hsa-miR-130b and RNU6-2 showed no significantly different expression between the matched malignant and non-malignant tissue samples, whereas hsa-miR-16 was significantly underexpressed in malignant tissue. Softwares geNorm and Normfinder predicted hsamiR-130b and the geometric mean of hsa-miR-130b and RNU6-2 as the most stable reference genes. Normalization of the four miRNAs hsa-miR-96, hsamiR-125b, hsa-miR-205, and hsa-miR-375, which were previously shown to be regulated, shows that normalization to hsa-mir-16 can lead to biased results. We recommend using hsa-miR-130b or the geometric mean of hsa-miR-130b and small RNA RNU6-2 for normalization in miRNA expression studies of prostate cancer.