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Insight from early coral-stromatoporoid intergrowth, Late Ordovician of China
Lee, M.,Elias, R.J.,Choh, S.J.,Lee, D.J. Elsevier 2016 Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology Vol.463 No.-
One of the earliest endosymbiotic associations with stromatoporoids occurs in the Late Ordovician Xiazhen Formation of southeastern China. Bajgolia, an auloporid tabulate coral characterized by dichotomous branching due to longitudinal fission, is represented by free-living as well as endobiontic forms in various lithofacies representing a wide range of environments. Only two of 11 stromatoporoid genera (Clathrodictyon and Ecclimadictyon) hosted Bajgolia, mainly in reef and related facies. Bajgolia-stromatoporoid associations occur occasionally in the lower part of the formation, but eventually become persistent in the upper part. Such associations were initiated by larval settlement of the coral on the growth surface of the stromatoporoid. Growth of Bajgolia usually kept pace with its host, but the coral's ability to change growth direction and grow faster prevented its envelopment and termination by the stromatoporoid, allowing the establishment and recurrence of an ongoing endosymbiotic relationship between the two organisms. Endobiontic Bajgolia was able to survive with its corallites protruding from the host; in some cases, the growth form of the stromatoporoid changed in response to the coral. The relationships between Bajgolia and stromatoporoids were probably commensal, but there is also evidence for mutualism and/or parasitism. Bajgolia-stromatoporoid associations represent an important stage in the development of complex ecological relationships and community structure, prior to the common and widespread syringoporid (''caunopore tubes'')-stromatoporoid associations in the Siluro-Devonian.
The bond survival time variation of polymorphic amyloid fibrils in the mechanical insight
Lee, M.,Baek, I.,Chang, H.J.,Yoon, G.,Na, S. North Holland 2014 Chemical physics letters Vol.600 No.-
The structure-property relationships of biological materials such as amyloid fibrils are important to developing therapeutic strategies for amyloid-related diseases. The mechanical characterization of biological materials can provide insight into such relationships. In this study, polymorphic human islet polypeptide (hIAPP) fibrils were constructed with molecular modeling, and a constant-force bending simulation was performed to characterize the different mechanical behaviors of polymorphic hIAPP protofibrils. Our simulation results showed that, owing to their different intramolecular interactions, the fracture times of polymorphic hIAPP protofibrils depend on polymorphic structures.
Lee, M.,Bae, I.,Kwak, Y.,Moon, K. Elsevier 2012 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.12 No.suppl2
The surface morphology of Zn-Mg thin film prepared by vacuum evaporation PVD method has formed a structure of various shapes by diffusion of metal particles which is generated migration resulting from accelerated evaporation condition. The surface morphology became smaller as gas pressure increased. Consequently, the grain size decreased further on the low surface energy (101) plane than on the high surface energy (002) plane, which appeared in a vertical direction towards the metal surface due to the influence of residual gases in the vacuum chamber. Also, grain size became smaller with the increase of Mg contents by grain size miniature effect. The grain size of Zn-Mg thin films prepared by the PVD decreased as Mg content increased, and good corrosion resistance increased as well. Also, Zn-Mg thin films have been promoted not only film minuteness but also formation of passivation to corrosion course with the formative increase of intermetallic compound, i.e. MgZn<SUB>2</SUB>, Mg<SUB>2</SUB>Zn<SUB>11</SUB>.
Lee, M.,Ryu, Y.H.,Cho, W.G.,Jeon, T.J.,Lyoo, C.H.,Kang, Y.W.,Lee, S.J.,Kim, C.H.,Kim, D.G.,Kang, J.H.,Seo, Y.B.,Yi, C.H.,Lee, K.,Choi, T.H.,Choi, J.Y. Pergamon Press 2014 Applied radiation and isotopes Vol.94 No.-
The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between dopaminergic neuron destruction and 5-HT system changes in a hemiparkinsonian rat model. We performed PET imaging studies with trans-[<SUP>18</SUP>F]Mefway in a hemiparkinsonian model of unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rats. Region-of-interests (ROIs) were drawn in the hippocampus (HP) and cerebellum (CB). HP uptake, the ratios of specific binding to non-specific binding in the HP, and non-displaceable binding potential (BP<SUB>ND</SUB>) in the HP were compared between 6-OHDA and control rats. As a result, unilateral 6-OHDA-lesioned rats exhibited significant bilateral reduction of HP uptake and trans-[<SUP>18</SUP>F]Mefway BP<SUB>ND</SUB> compared to the intact control group. Therefore, the results demonstrate that destruction of the dopaminergic system causes the reduction of the serotonergic system.