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Enzyme directed formation of un-natural side-chains for covalent surface attachment of proteins
Cho, H.,Jaworski, J. Elsevier 2014 Colloids and Surfaces B Vol.122 No.-
The covalent immobilization of proteins onto surfaces is an essential aspect of several fields of research, including proteomics, sensing, heterogeneous biocatalysis, and more broadly biotechnology. Site-specific, covalent attachment of proteins has been achieved in recent years by the use of expanded genetic codes to produce proteins with controlled placement of un-natural amino acids bearing bio-orthogonal functional groups. Unfortunately, the complexity of developing such systems is impractical for most laboratories; hence, a less complicated approach to generating un-natural amino acid side-chains has been employed. Utilizing a straightforward reaction with formylglycine generating enzyme, we use the site-specific modification of engineered proteins to yield un-natural amino acid side-chains for protein immobilization. Using this approach, we demonstrate the controlled immobilization of various enzymes onto a variety of amine coated surfaces. Our results reveal reusability of the immobilized enzymes via this strategy, and furthermore, we find the activity of the immobilized enzymes to remain even after a month of use indicating significant stability of the linkage.
A comparative experimental–theoretical study on elastic electron scattering by methane
Cho, H,Park, Y S,y Castro, E A,de Souza, G L C,Iga, I,Machado, L E,Brescansin, L M,Lee, M-T IOP Pub 2008 Journal of physics B, Atomic, molecular, and optic Vol.41 No.4
<P>Absolute differential cross sections for elastic electron scattering by methane have been measured at six incident electron energies between 5 and 100 eV and over scattering angles between 10° and 180°, using a crossed-beam electron spectrometer combined with a magnetic angle-changing device to extend the measurements to backward angles (125°–180°). Differential, integral and momentum-transfer cross sections are also calculated and reported for these energies. A complex optical potential was used to represent the electron–molecule interaction dynamics. The iterative Schwinger variational method combined with the distorted-wave approximation was used to solve the scattering equations. The comparison between our calculated and measured results, as well as with other experimental and theoretical data available in the literature, is encouraging.</P>
Cho, H.,Kim, D.,Lee, C.,Hwang, W. Elsevier 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.4
Superhydrophobic surfaces with uniformly superhydrophobic surface where nano-scale structures were fabricated by alkali surface modification method and self-assembled monolayer coating. To enhance mechanical durability of the superhydrophobicity, we propose the fabrication process for dual-scale hierarchical structures combining both microstructure via sandblasting techniques and the nanostructured aluminum hydroxide layer. The superhydrophobic surfaces fabricated by both methods exhibited a high water contact angle and very low contact angle hysteresis. By forming the hierarchical structure, the mechanical durability of superhydrophobic aluminum hydroxide surface was improved. The resulting hierarchical structures are suitable for diverse applications of aluminum in various industrial areas, including self-cleaning, anti-frosting, and microfluidic devices for rigorous environments.
Emergence of plant vascular system: roles of hormonal and non-hormonal regulatory networks
Cho, H.,Dang, T.V.T.,Hwang, I. Current Biology, Ltd ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2017 Current opinion in plant biology Vol.35 No.-
<P>The divergence of land plants followed by vascular plants has entirely changed the terrestrial ecology. The vascular system is a prerequisite for this evolutionary event, providing upright stature and communication for sink demand-source capacity and facilitating the development of plants and colonization over a wide range of environmental habitats. Various hormonal and non-hormonal regulatory networks have been identified and reviewed as key processes for vascular formation; however, how these factors have evolutionarily emerged and interconnected to trigger the emergence of the vascular system still remains elusive. Here, to understand the intricacy of cross talks among these factors, we highlight how core hormonal signaling and transcriptional networks are coalesced into the appearance of vascular plants during evolution.</P>
Cho, H.,Kim, E. K.,Jang, E.,Kim, S. Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2017 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.15 No.4
<P>This paper presents an improved positioning method for a Magnetic Encoder type Guided Vehicle (MEGV) using the Extended Kalman Filter and Encoder Compensation Method. The magnetic encoder system is one of several available guidance systems for autonomous guided vehicles using magnetic sticks that are buried at regular intervals (such as near landmarks, turning points, and work places) on designated paths. The system guides MEGVs on a pre-defined path using either of two types of devices: encoders or magnetic positioning devices. The encoder information is used in a range of positions between the magnetic sticks, and the magnetic positioning device is used to correct positioning of MEGV using global positioning of a magnetic stick. However, calculating the exact position of a MEGV is challenging because of errors (cumulative error of the encoder and disturbances in the general magnetic field). Therefore, this study proposes a method, which is a combination of EKF and ECM, for positioning MEGVs.' In the proposed method, EKF first estimates the position of the MEGV; then, ECM corrects the error of the encoders. To analyze the performance of the proposed method, a MEGV was designed and developed. The proposed method was compared with three other positioning methods (that use encoders, magnetic encoders, or EKF), and experiments were performed under similar working conditions. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method is superior to the other methods.</P>
Development of molecular detection kit for Larimichthys crocea and Larimichthys polyactis
Cho, H.,Kim, J. H.,Lee, W. S.,Jeong, W.,Moon, H. B.,Hwang, S. Y. Korean BioChip Society 2014 BioChip Journal Vol.8 No.2
Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and redlip yellow croaker (L. polyactis) are commonly consumed species in fisheries markets in East Asian countries. They have wide differences of price due to consumer preferences for L. polyactis. However, it is difficult to identify the species based on the appearance of both species from the general public. In this study, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kit was designed to distinguish these two species. Species-common primer pairs were designed, and two species-specific probes were designed with sequences that were 2 bp different. The L. crocea target probe was modified using HEX dye, whereas the L. polyactis was modified using FAM dye. These primer pairs and probes worked in a single reaction. Based on the confirmation of a simple peak image, both species were sufficiently distinguished. The PCR kit developed in our study can be suggested as a good tool to distinguish both fish species for consumer as well as producer. In addition, the species-specific probes can be used as the biomarker, which applies to the lab-on-a-chip technology.
A new assessment method of outdoor tobacco smoke (OTS) exposure
Cho, H.,Lee, K. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2014 Atmospheric environment Vol.87 No.-
Outdoor tobacco smoke (OTS) is concerned due to potential health effects. An assessment method of OTS exposure is needed to determine effects of OTS and validate outdoor smoking policies. The objective of this study was to develop a new method to assess OTS exposure. This study was conducted at 100 bus stops including 50 centerline bus stops and 50 roadside bus stops in Seoul, Korea. Using real-time aerosol monitor, PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> was measured for 30 min at each bus stop in two seasons. 'Peak analysis' method was developed to assess short term PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> exposure by OTS. The 30-min average PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> exposure at each bus stop was associated with season and bus stop location but not smoking activity. The PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> peak occurrence rate by the peak analysis method was significantly associated with season, bus stop location, observed smoking occurrence, and the number of buses servicing a route. The PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> peak concentration was significantly associated with season, smoking occurrence, and the number of buses servicing a route. When a smoker was standing still at the bus stop, magnitude of peak concentrations were significantly higher than when the smoker walking-through the bus stop. People were exposed to high short-term PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> peak levels at bus stops, and the magnitude of peak concentrations were highest when a smoker was located close to the monitor. The magnitude of peak concentration was a good indicator helped distinguish nearby OTS exposure. Further research using 'peak analysis' is needed to measure smoking-related exposure to PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> in other outdoor locations.