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Severe Adverse Events of Periocular Acupuncture: A Review of Cases
Sang-Mok Lee(Sang-Mok Lee),Jun Wu(Jun Wu),Daniel Duck-Jin Hwang(Daniel Duck-Jin Hwang ) 대한안과학회 2023 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.37 No.3
Acupuncture is recognized as a component of alternative medicine and is increasingly used worldwide. Many studies have shown the various effects of acupuncture around the eyes for ophthalmologic or nonophthalmologic conditions. For ophthalmologic conditions, the effect of acupuncture on dry eye syndrome, glaucoma, myopia, amblyopia, ophthalmoplegia, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, blepharospasm, and blepharoptosis has been reported. Recently, several studies on dry eye syndrome have been reported and are in the spotlight. However, given the variety of study designs and reported outcomes of periocular acupuncture, research is still inconclusive, and further studies are required. In addition, although a systematic and reliable safety assessment is required, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports of a literature review of ocular complications resulting from periocular acupuncture. This review collected cases of ocular injury as severe adverse events from previously published case reports of periocular acupuncture. A total of 14 case reports (15 eyes of 14 patients) of adverse events published between 1982 and 2020 were identified. This review article provides a summary of the reported cases and suggestions for the prevention and management of better visual function prognosis.
Sung-Hyun Kim,Eun-Joo Jeong,Chang-Mok Lee,Young-Hyo Kim 한국동물분류학회 2018 Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity Vol.34 No.1
Two Campylaspis species, C. amblyoda Gamô, 1960 and C. reticulata Gamô, 1960, are redescribed as new to Korean cumacean fauna. Campylaspis amblyoda is characterized by having a carapace with five or six pairs of pellucid spots on dorsal surface, a pair of projections near proximal portion of frontal lobe, and lacking sulcus on lateral portion. Campylaspis reticulata is easily distinguished from its congeners by having a pair of broad sulcus and several large reticulations on lateral portion of carapace. The collected Korean specimens were congruent with the original descriptions, except for several minor differences. Herein, we add two Campylaspis species to the Korean cumacean fauna. The female of C. reticulata is described for the first time. A key to the Korean Campylaspis species is also provided.
Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) in Smoking-Induced Lung Inflammation and Emphysema
Lee, Jae Seung,Park, Sun Joo,Cho, You Sook,Huh, Jin Won,Oh, Yeon-Mok,Lee, Sang-Do The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2015 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.78 No.1
Background: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) not only functions as an intracellular energy sensor and regulator, but is also a general sensor of oxidative stress. Furthermore, there is recent evidence that it participates in limiting acute inflammatory reactions, apoptosis and cellular senescence. Thus, it may oppose the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: To investigate the role of AMPK in cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation and emphysema we first compared cigarette smoking and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)]-induced lung inflammation and emphysema in $AMPK{\alpha}1$-deficient ($AMPK{\alpha}1$-HT) mice and wild-type mice of the same genetic background. We then investigated the role of AMPK in the induction of interleukin-8 (IL-8) by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in A549 cells. Results: Cigarette smoking and poly(I:C)-induced lung inflammation and emphysema were elevated in $AMPK{\alpha}1$-HT compared to wild-type mice. CSE increased AMPK activation in a CSE concentration- and time-dependent manner. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-${\beta}$-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMPK activator, decreased CSE-induced IL-8 production while Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, increased it, as did pretreatment with an $AMPK{\alpha}1$-specific small interfering RNA. Conclusion: $AMPK{\alpha}1$-deficient mice have increased susceptibility to lung inflammation and emphysema when exposed to cigarette smoke, and AMPK appears to reduce lung inflammation and emphysema by lowering IL-8 production.
Validity and Reliability of CAT and Dyspnea-12 in Bronchiectasis and Tuberculous Destroyed Lung
Lee, Bo-Young,Lee, Seo-Hyun,Lee, Jae-Seung,Song, Jin-Woo,Lee, Sang-Do,Jang, Seung-Hun,Jung, Ki-Suck,Hwang, Yong-Il,Oh, Yeon-Mok The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2012 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.72 No.6
Background: The objective of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Korean version of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test (CAT) and Dyspnea-12 Questionnaire for patients with bronchiectasis or tuberculous destroyed lung. Methods: For 62 bronchiectasis patients and 37 tuberculous destroyed lung patients, 3 questionnaires including St. George's Respiratory Questionnaires (SGRQ), CAT, and Dyspnea-12 were obtained, in addition to spirometric measurements. To assess the validity of CAT and Dyspnea-12, correlation with SGRQ was evaluated. To assess the reliability of CAT and Dyspnea-12, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient was calculated. Results: The mean ages of the patients were $60.7{\pm}8.3$ years in bronchiectasis and $64.4{\pm}9.3$ years in tuberculous destroyed lung. 46.8% and 54.1% were male, respectively. The SGRQ score was correlated with the score of the Korean version of CAT (r=0.72, p<0.0001) and Dyspnea-12 (r=0.67, p<0.0001) in bronchiectasis patients. The SGRQ score was correlated with the score of CAT (r=0.86, p<0.0001) and Dyspnea-12 (r=0.80, p<0.0001) in tuberculous destroyed lung patients. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient for the CAT and Dyspnea-12 were 0.84 and 0.90 in bronchiectasis, and 0.88 and 0.94 in tuberculous destroyed lung, respectively. Conclusion: We found that Korean version of CAT and Dyspnea-12 are valid and reliable in patients with tuberculous destroyed lung and bronchiectasis.
Lee, Na Ri,Shin, Hee Keun,Choi, Sung Ho,Kim, Ju Bum,Lim, Jae Won,Park, Doh Young,Mok, Hyung Soo The Korean Society for Railway 2015 International Journal of Railway Vol.8 No.1
Due to the characteristics of the vehicle structure, the magnetic levitation train has a confined bottom space thus a study on miniaturization and weight reduction of auxiliary power unit is essential. This auxiliary power unit is an essential device used for illumination, air conditioning, heating and air brake equipment excluding the motor. The previous auxiliary power unit for magnetic levitation train has used the hard switching having a high switching frequency with heavy loss in order to reduce the size of filter reactor and transformer but the reduction in volume was not significant. In this paper, by reducing the loss, reducing the size of the cooling unit and by increasing the switching frequency using the soft switching of resonant converter, it has miniaturized and reduced the weight of filter reactor and transformer which occupy significant space in the auxiliary power unit. This study has verified the performance of 50KVA grade prototype through simulated interpretation and analysis, and compared the size and weight of auxiliary power unit of the previous magnetic levitation train.
New Record of Gynodiastylis platycarpus (Cumacea: Gynodiastylidae) from Korea
Lee, Chang-Mok,Hong, Soon-Sang,Lee, Kyung-Sook The Korean Society of Systematic Zoology 2011 Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology Special Issue Vol.27 No.1
Gynodiastylis platycarpus Gam$\^{o}$ is redescribed as a new record of Korean fauna and a key to the Korean species of the genus is provided. This species is characterized by a slender body, a small telson, and a 3-articulated uropodal endopod.
Characteristics of Surface Micromachined Pyroelectric Infrared Ray Focal Plane Array
Sang-Ouk Ryu,Seong Mok Cho,Kyu-Jeong Choi,Sung-Min Yoon,Nam-Yeal Lee,Byoung-Gon Yu 대한전자공학회 2005 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.5 No.1
We have developed surface micromachined Infrared ray (IR) focal plane array (FPA), in which single SiO2 layer works as an IR absorbing plate and Pb(Zr0.3Ti0.7)O3 thin film served as a thermally sensitive material. There are some advantages of applying SiO2 layer as an IR absorbing layer. First of all, the SiO2 has good IR absorbance within 8 ~ 12 μm spectrum range. Measured value showed about 60% absorbance of incident IR spectrum in the range. SiO2 layer has another important merit when applied to the top of Pt/PZT/Pt stack because it works also as a supporting membrane. Consequently, the IR absorbing layer forms one body with membrane structure, which simplifies the whole MEMS process and gives robustness to the structure.
Intersection Traffic Control of Autonomous Vehicle based on Mobile Game
Sung-Hoon Park(박성훈),Yeong-Mok Kim(김영목),Su-Chang Yoo(유수창),Bo-Kyoung Kim(김보경),Jea-Yep Lee(이재엽) 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 2017 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.11 No.8
교차로 교통 통제 (ITC)는 교통사고와 혼잡의 증가로 많은 사회적 관심과 경제적 손실을 초래하여 왔습니다. 현재 ITC에 관한 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있으나 시스템의 계산이 많이 필요하며 유연하지 못하고 비용 효율적인 ICU (교차 제어 장치)를 기반으로 합니다. 본 논문에서는 자율 차량을 위한 ITC를 위해서 모바일 게임을 응용하여 토큰 기반 그룹 상호 알고리즘을 제안한다. ICU나 신호등 없이 교차로 (IC)를 안전하게 통과하려면 실시간 차량들 간 통신을 기반으로 한 자율 차량 간의 완벽한 조정이 이루어져야 합니다. 이를 위해서 본 논문에서는 두 종류의 토큰을 사용 합니다. 기본 토큰을 특권으로 사용하고 보조 토큰을 보조 수단으로 사용하여 차량 흐름의 성능을 향상시킵니다. 이 알고리즘에서는 토큰의 합리적인 순환이 핵심 주제입니다. 모바일 게임을 통해서 시뮬레이션의 결과에서 VTokenIC은 메시지 복잡성을 줄이고 기존의 교통 신호 시스템보다 시스템 처리량에서 더 나은 성능을 보여줍니다. Intersection Traffic Control_(ITC) has attracted extensive attention with the increase of traffic accidents and congestion that has caused huge social and economic losses. The system currently being studied on ITC needs a lot of computations and is based on ans ICU_(Intersection Control Unit) that is neither flexible nor cost efficient. This paper proposes a token-based group mutual algorithm for ITC for autonomous vehicles using by mobile game simulation. To pass the intersection_(IC) safely without an ICU or traffic lights, there should be perfect coordination among autonomous vehicles based on real-time V2V communications. We use two kinds of tokens: a primary token as a privilege and a sub-token as an auxiliary means to increase the performance of vehicle flow. The rational circulation of tokens is the core subject in this algorithm. As a result of mobile game simulation, VTokenIC decreases message complexity and shows better performance in system throughput than existing traffic signal system.
Lee, Hye-Sung,Choi, Jun-Hyeok,Kim, Young-Eon,Kim, In-Ho,Kim, Byoung-Mok,Lee, Chang-Ho The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2013 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.18 No.3
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the ethanol extract of Cynanchum wilfordii (ECW) on the blood lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic rats. Thirty 7-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were allowed free access to either a normal diet (AIN-93 diet), or 1% high-cholesterol diet with or without 0.5% or 1% ECW for 5 weeks. After sacrifice, the rat serum lipid profile was analyzed. The diets containing ECW decreased body weight gains compared to the normal diet. Serum HDL-cholesterol levels of ECW-fed groups were significantly increased in the hypercholesterolemic groups and normal groups (P<0.05). When 1% ECW was fed to the normal group, total cholesterol level was increased. Moreover, treatment of ECW in hypercholesterolemic groups yielded a dose-dependent and highly significant decrease in the atherogenic index as compared to the control. These results suggest that intake of Cynanchum wilfordii may help reduce the risks of hypercholesterolemia by increasing blood HDL-cholesterol and lowering the atherogenic index.