스키리조트 서비스품질 이미지지각에 따른 포지셔닝 방안

이덕성(Duk Sung Lee) 한국사회체육학회 2001 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.16 No.-

Competing ski resort were controlled in order to grape the strong and weak points in terms of competing. Multidimensional Scaling system was used to grape the competing structure of ski resort service quality images. This system functions as an important guide in positioning strategies. That is, it gives one an overall view of where one ideal point ski resort located compared to other competing ski resort in the scaling system through the consumers ideal image perception. The results showed that the competing images of Young-pyong, Sung-woo, Bo-Kuang ski resort were relatively high; where as, the competing images of Alpus and Bears town were relatively low. Additionally, the results of analyzing the ideal point of subdivisions indicated that the relative locations of individual ski resort and property directions showed the ideal point of the service property subdivision marketings and ideal properties. Therefore, the following steps should be taken. First, ski resort marketers should take into consideration the customers ideal point changes in their need in his or her own ski resort and those in the competing ski resort. Next, should come up with repositioning strategy for service quality. Finally, an effective communication plan should be drawn from the strategy and marketing mix should be made.

The Clinical Efficacy of Mometasone Furoate in Multi-Lamellar Emulsion for Eczema: A Double-blinded Crossover Study

( Duk Han Kim ),( Hyun Jong Lee ),( Chun Wook Park ),( Kyu Han Kim ),( Kwang Hoon Lee ),( Byung In Ro ),( Sang Hyun Cho ) 대한피부과학회 2013 Annals of Dermatology Vol.25 No.1

Background: Topical application of corticosteroids also has an influence on skin barrier impairment. Physiological lipid mixtures, such as multi- lamellar emulsion (MLE) containing a natural lipid component leads to effective recovery of the barrier function. Objective: The purpose of this study was to conduct an evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy and skin barrier protection of topical mometasone furoate in MLE. Methods: A multi-center randomized, double-blind, controlled study was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of mometasone furoate cream in MLE for Korean patients with eczema. The study group included 175 patients with eczema, who applied either mometasone furoate in MLE cream or methylprednisolone aceponate cream for 2 weeks. Treatment efficacy was evaluated using the physician`s global assessment of clinical response (PGA), trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), and visual analogue scale (VAS) for pruritus. Patients were evaluated using these indices at days 4, 8, and 15. Results: Comparison of PGA score, TEWL, and VAS score at baseline with those at days 4, 8, and 15 of treatment showed a significant improvement in both groups. Patients who applied mometasone furoate in MLE (74.8%) showed better results (p<0.05) than those who applied methylprednisolone aceponate (47.8%). The TEWL improvement ratio was higher in the mometasone furoate in MLE group than that in the methylprednisolone aceponate group, and VAS improvement was also better in the mometasone furoate in MLE group. Conclusion: Mometasone furoate in MLE has a better therapeutic efficacy as well as less skin barrier impairment than methylprednisolone aceponate. (Ann Dermatol 25(1) 17∼22, 2013)

Molybdenum and Cobalt Silicide Field Emitter Arrays

Lee, Jong-Duk,Shim, Byung-Chang,Park, Byung-Gook,Kwon, Sang-Jik The Korean Infomation Display Society 2000 Journal of information display Vol.1 No.1

In order to improve both the level and the stability of electron emission, Mo and Co silicides were formed from Mo mono-layer and Ti/Co bi-layers on single crystal silicon field emitter arrays (FEAs), respectively. Using the slope of Fowler-Nordheim curve and tip radius measured from scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the effective work function of Mo and Co silicide FEAs were calculated to be 3.13 eV and 2.56 eV, respectively. Compared with silicon field emitters, Mo and Co silicide exhibited 10 and 34 times higher maximum emission current, 10 V and 46 V higher device failure voltage, and 6.1 and 4.8 times lower current fluctuation, respectively. Moreover, the emission currents of the silicide FEAs depending on vacuum level were almost the same in the range of $10^{-9}{\sim}10^{-6}$ torr. This result shows that silicide is robust in terms of anode current degradation due to the absorption of air molecules.

CASE REPORT : Natural Course of an Untreated Metastatic Perirectal Lymph Node After the Endoscopic Resection of a Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor

( Sang Hyung Kim ),( Dong Hoon Yang ),( Jung Su Lee ),( Soyoung Park ),( Ho Su Lee ),( Hyojeong Lee ),( Sang Hyoung Park ),( Kyung Jo Kim ),( Byong Duk Ye ),( Jeong Sik Byeon ),( Seung Jae Myung ),( S 대한장연구학회 2015 Intestinal Research Vol.13 No.2

Lymph node metastasis is rare in small (i.e., <10 mm) rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). In addition to tumor size, pathological features such as the mitotic or Ki-67 proliferation index are associated with lymph node metastasis in rectal NETs. We recently treated a patient who underwent endoscopic treatment of a small, grade 1 rectal NET that recurred in the form of perirectal lymph node metastasis 7 years later. A 7-mm-sized perirectal lymph node was noted at the time of the initial endoscopic treatment. The same lymph node was found to be slightly enlarged on follow-up and finally confirmed as a metastatic NET. Therefore, the perirectal lymph node metastasis might have been present at the time of the initial diagnosis. However, the growth rate of the lymph node was extremely low, and it took 7 years to increase in size from 7 to 10 mm. NETs with low Ki-67 proliferation index and without mitotic activity may grow extremely slowly even if they are metastatic. (Intest Res 2015;13:175-179)

Dopamine promotes formation and secretion of non-fibrillar alpha-synuclein oligomers

Lee, He-Jin,Baek, Sung-Min,Ho, Dong-Hwan,Suk, Ji-Eun,Cho, Eun-Duk,Lee, Seung-Jae Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bion 2011 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.43 No.4

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by selective and progressive degeneration of dopamine (DA)-producing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and by abnormal aggregation of ${\alpha}$-synuclein. Previous studies have suggested that DA can interact with ${\alpha}$-synuclein, thus modulating the aggregation process of this protein; this interaction may account for the selective vulnerability of DA neurons in patients with PD. However, the relationship between DA and ${\alpha}$-synuclein, and the role in progressive degeneration of DA neurons remains elusive. We have shown that in the presence of DA, recombinant human ${\alpha}$-synuclein produces non-fibrillar, SDS-resistant oligomers, while ${\beta}$-sheet-rich fibril formation is inhibited. Pharmacologic elevation of the cytoplasmic DA level increased the formation of SDS-resistant oligomers in DA-producing neuronal cells. DA promoted ${\alpha}$-synuclein oligomerization in intracellular vesicles, but not in the cytosol. Furthermore, elevation of DA levels increased secretion of ${\alpha}$-synuclein oligomers to the extracellular space, but the secretion of monomers was not changed. DA-induced secretion of ${\alpha}$-synuclein oligomers may contribute to the progressive loss of the dopaminergic neuronal population and the pronounced neuroinflammation observed in the SNpc in patients with PD.

Associations between $DRDs$ and schizophrenia in a Korean population: multi-stage association analyses

Lee, Kyu-Young,Joo, Eun-Jeong,Ji, Yong-Ick,Kim, Duk-Hwan,Park, Joo-Bae,Chung, In-Won,Lee, Sang-Ick,Joo, Yeon-Ho,Ahn, Yong-Min,Song, Joo-Yun,Kim, Yong-Sik Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bion 2011 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.43 No.1

The dysregulation of the dopaminergic system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of major psychosis, including schizophrenia, with dopamine receptor genes ($DRDs$) presently targeted as the most promising candidate genes. We investigated $DRD1-5$ for association with schizophrenia using a multi-stage approach in a Korean sample. One hundred forty-two SNPs in $DRD1-5$ were selected from the dbSNP, and the associations of each SNP were then screened and typed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry using pooled DNA samples from 150 patients with major psychosis and 150 controls. Each of the suggested SNPs was then genotyped and tested for an association within the individual samples comprising each pool. Finally, the positively associated SNPs were genotyped in an extended sample of 270 patients with schizophrenia and 350 controls. Among the 142 SNPs, 88 (62%) SNPs in our Korean population were polymorphic. At the pooling stage, 10 SNPs ($DRD1$: 2, $DRD2$: 3, and $DRD4$: 5) were identified ($P$ < 0.05). SNPs rs1799914 of $DRD1$ ($P$ = 0.046) and rs752306 of $DRD4$ ($P$ = 0.017) had significantly different allele frequencies in the individually genotyped samples comprising the pool. In the final stage, with the extended sample, the suggestive association of $DRD4$ with rs752306 was lost, but the association of $DRD1$ with rs1799914 gained greater significance ($P$ = 0.017). In these large-scale multi-stage analyses, we were able to find a possible association between $DRD1$ and schizophrenia. These findings suggested the potential contribution of a multi-step strategy for finding genes related to schizophrenia.

Development of Eco-friendly Electric Transmission Towers in KEPCO

Lee, Won-kyo,Mun, Sung-Duk,Shin, Kooyong Korea Electric Power Corporation 2019 KEPCO Journal on electric power and energy Vol.5 No.3

Lattice towers and tubular steel poles have been commonly used for electrical power transmission in Korea. They are durable, structurally stable, simple and can easily be constructed in limited spaces. However, residents are opposed to construct transmission lattice towers in their areas because they are not visually attractive, and electrical field occur at the transmission lines. Underground transmissions have been used instead of the traditional towers to resolve these problems, however they are not cost effective to construct and run. Therefore, we have developed eco-friendly towers that are more attractive, well blending into the surrounding environment, and much more economical than underground transmissions. There are four categories of the eco-friendly electric transmission towers about design aspects. Firstly, there is decoration type such as tree tower and ensemble tower. Tree tower looks like actual trees with leaves and branches so it blends into surroundings. Ensemble towers were designed after pair of crane birds. Those towers have decoration features and art works. Structural examination and manufacturing this type would be very similar to the conventional transmission towers. Secondly, there is arm design type such as traditional tower. Design features are added to the existing towers. As partial design can be adoptable on these types, it can easily meet height regulations and attach to conventional lattice towers and tubular steel poles. Also, these towers are more economical than others. Third category is multipurpose type such as Sail Tower. These towers have simple pole or tubular structure with features which can be used as information message board, public relations and much more. This type will face greater wind pressure because of the area of the board, also visibility must take into consideration. Lastly, there is moulding type such as arc pylon. It is different shape to the conventional towers - lattice towers and tubular steel poles. Dramatic design changes have been adapted - from a hard and static tower to a soft and curved tower. These towers will well stand out in the field. However, structural examination and manufacturing this type would be difficult and costly. Also certain towers of this type would require scaffolding or false work to construct, which will result in limitations of the construction area. This paper shows KEPCO 154 kV Sail tower in detail. KEPCO 154 kV Sail tower that is included in fabrication of sample tower and tower testing has developed and the results are presented in this paper. We hope that sail tower is also considered as a solution to have public acceptance or to create a familiar atmosphere among towers and people in coastal area.

DEVELOPMENT OF GHP-BASED ENERGY SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSES

Sang Yeob KIM,Sang Min LEE,Young Duk LEE,Chang Up KIM,Kyoung Sub PARK 한국신재생에너지학회 2015 AFORE Vol.2015 No.11

The Role of PARylation in Porcine Cumulus-oocyte Complex during In Vitro Maturation

Duk Hyoun Kim,Su Jin Jin,Min Gyeong Kim,Jun Sung Lee,Hoon Taek Lee 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2017 Reproductive & Developmental Biology(Supplement) Vol.41 No.2

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is related to DNA repair, chromatin modification, and apoptosis and catalyzed by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). Recent studies have shown that PARylation affects preimplantation development and autophagy mechanism in pig embryos. However, the role of PARylation during in vitro maturation (IVM) has not yet been investigated. To study the effect of PARylation, cumulus-oocyte complexes were cultured with 3-aminobenzamide (3-ABA, PARP inhibitor) during IVM. Nuclear maturation of oocytes were showed no significant difference in all stages (GV, MI, MII), but full expansion of cumulus cell was significantly decreased (11.05±1.09 vs. 48.40±0.67%) in 3-ABA treatment group. To evaluate mRNA levels of maturation and expansion related genes, we analyzed 3-ABA treated oocytes and cumulus cells. GDF- 9, BMP15, COX-2, PTX3 expression were upregulated but levels of HAS2, TNFAIP6 were downregulated in treatment group. To evaluate the effect of PARP inhibitior on embryo development and blastocyst quality, we experimented parthenogenetic activation (PA). As a results, the developmental rate of PA embryos was significantly decreased in 3-ABA group. Furthermore, TUNEL index (4.80±0.66 vs. 2.42±0.35) and total apoptotic index (6.44±0.81 vs. 3.08±0.51) was significantly increased, while Total cell number was decreased (41.12±2.10 vs. 50.38±2.27). Therefore, these results suggested that PARylation plays an important role in IVM of porcine oocytes.

Structure-Activity Relationship of 2-Substituted Hydroquinones as Tyrosinase Inhibitors for Topical Delivery

Lee, Yeon-Jung,Yoon, Sung-Il,Kim, Dae-Duk,Kim, Jung-Sun 한국약제학회 2006 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.36 No.2