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Mucoadhesive buccal tablets of domperidone: formulation evaluation and effects of process variables
Suneel Lakshminarayan Pandey,Nilesh Tikaram Hingawe,Ujjalkumar Das,Arun Triyambak Patil 한국약제학회 2014 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.44 No.2
The aim of the present work was to develop andevaluate buccal adhesive tablets of domperidone and studythe effect of diluents. Tablets were prepared by direct compressionmethod using different polymer and excipientscombinations. Formulations batches were evaluated forphysical parameter, swelling studies, bioadhesion studiesand in vitro drug release. Formulation batch F2 was mostpromising composition of 1:5 ratio of HPMC K4 M/Sodiumalginate. Effect of formulation variables such as diluents i.e. lactose (water soluble) and di-calcium phosphate (DCP)(water insoluble) studied on swelling index, bioadhesiveperformance and in vitro drug release. Bioadhesive force wasdrastically decreased in presence of DCP; it was concludedthat DCP more significantly affected the swelling index thandid lactose. Both Lactose and DCP similarly affect the bioadhesivestrength of buccal adhesive tablets. Dissolutionprofiles have shown non-fickian drug release mechanism,which indicated that the drug was released by diffusion anderosion mechanism. Thereby buccal adhesive tablets offer apromising strategy for drug delivery of domperidone.
India’s efforts to achieve 1.5 billion COVID-19 vaccinations: a narrative review
Kapil Singh,Ashwani Verma,Monisha Lakshminarayan 질병관리본부 2022 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.13 No.5
The initial case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in India was reported on January 30, 2020, and subsequently, the number of COVID-19-infected patients surged during the first wave of April 2020 and the second wave in the same month of 2021. The government of India imposed a strict nationwide lockdown in April 2020 and extended it until May 2020. The second wave of COVID-19 in India overwhelmed the country’s health facilities and exhausted its medical and paramedical workforce. This narrative review was conducted with the aim of summarizing the evidence drawn from policy documents of governmental and non-governmental organizations, as well as capturing India's COVID-19 vaccination efforts. The findings from this review cover the Indian government's vaccination initiatives, which ranged from steps taken to combat vaccine hesitancy to vaccination roadmaps, deployment plans, the use of digital health technology, vaccination monitoring, adverse effects, and innovative strategies such as Har Ghar Dastak and Jan Bhagidari Andolan (people’s participation). These efforts collectively culminated in the successful administration of more than 1.8 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines in India. This review also provides insights into other countries’ responses to COVID-19 and guidance for future pandemics.
Dao, V.A.,Heo, J.,Kim, Y.,Kim, K.,Lakshminarayan, N.,Yi, J. North-Holland 2010 Journal of non-crystalline solids Vol.356 No.50
We have investigated surface passivation of n and p type silicon wafers, obtained by controlling silicon-hydrogen bonding and fixed charge densities with the use of hydrogenated SiN<SUB>x</SUB> films. The hydrogenated SiN<SUB>x</SUB> films were deposited by single PECVD at 13.56MHz with SiH<SUB>4</SUB>/NH<SUB>3</SUB> gas mixture. The hydrogenated SiN<SUB>x</SUB> films of refractive indices 2.55-1.92 and high optical band-gap (>3.1eV) were obtained by varying the hydrogenated SiN<SUB>x</SUB> film composition. The fixed charge densities, hydrogen-bonding and carrier lifetime performance in n and p type silicon wafer were analyzed. The highest fixed positive charge of 2.66x10<SUP>12</SUP> (cm<SUP>-2</SUP>) was for the hydrogenated SiN<SUB>x</SUB> film composition of 1.21. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurement was carried out to evaluate the bonding concentration of Si-H and N-H. The minority carrier lifetimes of the hydrogenated SiN<SUB>x</SUB> passivated silicon wafers were up to 153μs and 84μs for p and n type, respectively. Mechanism of surface passivation depends on the type of silicon wafer. The higher Si-H bond density is the key point of n type passivation quality. The large fixed positive charge is used to measure p type passivation quality.
rf-Magnetron sputtered ITO thin films for improved heterojunction solar cell applications
Dao, V.A.,Choi, H.,Heo, J.,Park, H.,Yoon, K.,Lee, Y.,Kim, Y.,Lakshminarayan, N.,Yi, J. Elsevier 2010 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.10 No.3
Indium tin oxide (ITO) films of low resistivity, high transmittance and good figure of merit were prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering, at different substrate temperatures (T<SUB>s</SUB>) under such a high λ/d value and used as anti-reflection layer in heterojunction solar cells. For film deposition in the T<SUB>s</SUB> range 150<SUP>o</SUP>C<T<SUB>s</SUB>=<250<SUP>o</SUP>C, XRD shows that coexistence of the <100> and <111> textures. The resistivity and Hall mobility of ITO films were improved due to thermally induced crystallization. However, carrier concentration of these ITO films is sensitive to the T<SUB>s</SUB>. We attributed these effects to the Ar<SUP>+</SUP> ions bombardment and differing adatom mobility of the heated atoms on the substrate under such a high λ/d value. Those ITO films were used to fabricate single-side heterojunction solar cells. As the T<SUB>s</SUB> is increased, the device performance improves and the best photo voltage parameters of the device were found to be V<SUB>oc</SUB>=640mV, J<SUB>sc</SUB>=36.90mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, FF=0.71, η=16.3% for T<SUB>s</SUB>=200<SUP>o</SUP>C. The decrease in performance beyond the T<SUB>s</SUB> of 200<SUP>o</SUP>C is attributed to hydrogen effusion to the defect in emitter layer. We noted that the figure of merit value of ITO films was reflected in the performance of devices.
rf-Magnetron sputtered ITO thin films for improved heterojunction solar cell applications
Vinh Ai Dao,허종규,Hyungwook Choi,Hyeongsik Park,Kichan Yoon,Youngseok Lee,Yongkuk Kim,이준신,Nariangadu Lakshminarayan 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.3
Indium tin oxide (ITO) films of low resistivity, high transmittance and good figure of merit were prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering, at different substrate temperatures (Ts) under such a high k/d value and used as anti-reflection layer in heterojunction solar cells. For film deposition in the Ts range 150 ℃ < Ts ≤ 250 ℃, XRD shows that coexistence of the h1 0 0i and h1 1 1i textures. The resistivity and Hall mobility of ITO films were improved due to thermally induced crystallization. However, carrier concentration of these ITO films is sensitive to the Ts. We attributed these effects to the Ar+ ions bombardment and differing adatom mobility of the heated atoms on the substrate under such a high k/d value. Those ITO films were used to fabricate single-side heterojunction solar cells. As the Ts is increased, the device performance improves and the best photo voltage parameters of the device were found to be Voc = 640 mV, Jsc = 36.90 mA/㎠, FF = 0.71, η = 16.3% for Ts = 200 ℃. The decrease in performance beyond the Ts of 200 ℃ is attributed to hydrogen effusion to the defect in emitter layer. We noted that the figure of merit value of ITO films was reflected in the performance of devices.
The catalytic core of DEMETER guides active DNA demethylation in <i>Arabidopsis</i>
Zhang, Changqing,Hung, Yu-Hung,Rim, Hyun Jung,Zhang, Dapeng,Frost, Jennifer M.,Shin, Hosub,Jang, Hosung,Liu, Fang,Xiao, Wenyan,Iyer, Lakshminarayan M.,Aravind, L.,Zhang, Xiang-Qian,Fischer, Robert L. National Academy of Sciences 2019 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.116 No.35
<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Flowering plants reproduce via a unique double-fertilization event, producing the zygote and the nutritive endosperm. The genome of the central cell, the precursor of the endosperm, undergoes extensive demethylation prior to fertilization. This epigenetic reconfiguration, directed by the DEMETER (DME) glycosylase at thousands of loci in <I>Arabidopsis</I>, differentiates the epigenetic landscapes of parental genomes and establishes parent of origin-specific expression of many imprinted genes in endosperm essential for seed development. However, how DME is targeted to various locations remains unknown. Here we show that the multidomain DME is organized into 2 functional regions: the C-terminal region, which guides localization and catalysis, and the N-terminal region, which likely recruits chromatin remodelers to facilitate demethylation within heterochromatin.</P><P>The <I>Arabidopsis</I> DEMETER (DME) DNA glycosylase demethylates the maternal genome in the central cell prior to fertilization and is essential for seed viability. DME preferentially targets small transposons that flank coding genes, influencing their expression and initiating plant gene imprinting. DME also targets intergenic and heterochromatic regions, but how it is recruited to these differing chromatin landscapes is unknown. The C-terminal half of DME consists of 3 conserved regions required for catalysis in vitro. We show that this catalytic core guides active demethylation at endogenous targets, rescuing <I>dme</I> developmental and genomic hypermethylation phenotypes. However, without the N terminus, heterochromatin demethylation is significantly impeded, and abundant CG-methylated genic sequences are ectopically demethylated. Comparative analysis revealed that the conserved DME N-terminal domains are present only in flowering plants, whereas the domain architecture of DME-like proteins in nonvascular plants mainly resembles the catalytic core, suggesting that it might represent the ancestral form of the 5mC DNA glycosylase found in plant lineages. We propose a bipartite model for DME protein action and suggest that the DME N terminus was acquired late during land plant evolution to improve specificity and facilitate demethylation at heterochromatin targets.</P>