Age-related differences in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis

Cho, S.H.,Hong, S.J.,Han, B.,Lee, S.H.,Suh, L.,Norton, J.,Lin, D.,Conley, D.B.,Chandra, R.,Kern, R.C.,Tan, B.K.,Kato, A.,Peters, A.,Grammer, L.C.,Schleimer, R.P. Mosby 2012 The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology Vol.129 No.3

Although chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) significantly affects the quality of life of elderly people, the inflammatory mechanisms of chronic rhinosinusitis in the elderly have not been well studied. This study demonstrates that despite the higher severity of CRS observed in elderly patients, they had lower eosinophilic cationic protein compared to non-elderly CRS patients. In addition, S100A8/9 was significantly decreased in CRS with aging process, suggesting that epithelial barrier dysfunction may continue to play an important role in the pathogenesis of CRS while eosinophilic inflammation may subside with age.

세파클러 서방정의 제조

손영택,박미영,김상린,단현광 德成女子大學校 藥學硏究所 2003 藥學論文誌 Vol.14 No.1

Cefaclor is a semisynthetic cephalosporin for oral administration. It is absorbed 50∼75% after oral administration and having a biological half life of 0.6∼0.9hours. To maintain therapeutic range, the drug should be administrated 3∼4 times a day, which leads to the saw both kinetic of the absorption and resulting in ineffective therapy. Hence many authors attempted to develop sustained/extended release dosage forms for cefaclor in order to achieve effective administrated regimens. In this study we attempted to formulate cefaclor sustained release tablet by using HPMC(hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) and vinyl pyrrolidone vinyl acetate complex, which can provide convenient administration and are economic and the drug release from HPMC matrix is uniform irrespective of the pH. The cefaclor sustained release tablets were prepared by wet granulation techinique. The wet granules were dried at 50℃ for 5 hours in a tray drier. The dried granules were passed through sieve #20, lubricated with magnesium stearate by mixing in rapid mixer granulator and compressed using 7kgf/cm² punch to get tablets. In vitro release of cefaclor form formulated tablets was carried out in 0.1N HCl for 30 minute at 37±0.5℃ and 100rpm. The formulated cefaclor tablets were kept for a short term accelerated stability study in high temperature at 20℃, 50℃ for 4 weeks. And the formulation 16 18 carried out long term stability study for 24 months.

Effects of Dietary Nitrogen Sources on Fiber Digestion and Ruminal Fluid Characteristics in Sheep Fed Wheat Straw

Tan, Z.-L.,Lu, D.-X.,Hu, M.,Niu, W.-Y.,Han, C.-Y.,Ren, X.-P.,Na, R.,Lin, S.-L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.10

Fifteen Inner Mongolian wethers with permanent ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used to study the effects of dietary rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) to rumen-degradable protein (RDP) ratios or protein sources on fiber digestion in the gastrointestinal tract and ruminal fluid characteristics. Fiber digestion and ruminal fermentation were not affected (p>0.05) by dietary RUP to RDP ratios (from 1.54 to 0.72). Soybean meal supplementation improved ruminal digestion. Fish meal supplementation increased (p<0.05) the ruminal degradability of fiber. The different RUP to RDP ratios (from 1.54 to 0.72) did not influence (p>0.05) ruminal fluid pH, but there were differences (p<0.05) in ruminal fluid $NH_3-N$ concentration because of urea replacement. Soybean meal as a dietary protein source decreased (p<0.05) ruminal fluid pH and increased (p<0.05 or p<0.01) $NH_3-N$, acetate, propionate and butyrate concentrations in the rumen. Fish meal as a dietary protein source decreased (p<0.05 or p<0.01) ruminal $NH_3-N$ and acetate concentrations and increased (p<0.05) ruminal propionate concentration. It can be concluded that dietary protein sources have more significant effect on fiber digestion and ruminal fermentation than different dietary RUP to RDP ratios, when the dietary crude protein requirements of growing sheep are satisfied.

Effect of Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Poly(vinyl alcohol) Composites

Tan, S.H.,Suk, K.L.,Goak, J.C.,Hong, S.C.,Kim, J.-Y.,Lee, S.-W.,Kim, S.,Seo, Y.,Lee, N. RAPRA 2010 POLYMERS AND POLYMER COMPOSITES Vol.18 No.5

Effect of Dietary Structural to Nonstructural Carbohydrate Ratio on Rumen Degradability and Digestibility of Fiber Fractions of Wheat Straw in Sheep

Tan, Z.-L.,Lu, D.-X.,Hu, M.,Niu, W.-Y.,Han, C.-Y.,Ren, X.-P.,Na, R.,Lin, S.-L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.11

The effect of different dietary structural carbohydrate (SC) to nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) ratios on fiber degradation, digestion, flow, apparent digestibility and rumen fluid characteristics was studied with a design using 18 wethers fitted with permanent rumen and duodenum cannulae. All sheep were divided into six groups randomly, receiving six diets with varying SC to NSC ratios. All diets contained the same proportion of wheat straw and concentrate. The dietary SC to NSC ratios were adjusted by adding cornstarch to the concentrate supplements. The duodenal and fecal flows of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose (HC) and cellulose (CEL) were estimated using chromium-mordanted wheat straw as a flow marker. The degradation parameters of wheat straw DM, NDF, ADF, HC and CEL were determined by incubating the ground wheat straw in nylon bags in the rumen for different periods of time. There was no effect (p>0.05) of the different dietary SC to NSC ratios on rumen pH or $NH_3$-N, but acetate, propionate and butyrate concentrations were significantly affected (p<0.05 or p<0.01) by dietary SC to NSC ratios in the rumen fluid. When the dietary SC to NSC ratio was 2.86, the highest rumen degradability of wheat straw DM, NDF, ADF and CEL was found, but the highest apparent rumen digestibilities of DM, NDF, ADF, HC and CEL occurred at a 2.64 SC to NSC ratio. However, because of compensatory digestion in the hindgut, the apparent digestibilities of DM, NDF, ADF, HC and CEL were highest when the dietary SC to NSC ratio was 2.40. In conclusion, there is a optimal range of dietary SC to NSC ratios (between 2.86 and 2.40) that is beneficial to maximize wheat straw fiber degradation and apparent digestibility.

Analysis and tests of flexibly connected thin-walled channel frames

Tan, S.H.,Seah, L.K. Techno-Press 1994 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.2 No.3

The analysis and tests of thin-walled channel frames including nonlinear flexible or semi-rigid connection behaviour is presented. The semi-rigid connection behaviour is modelled using a mathematical approximation of the connection flexibility-moment relationship. Local instability such as local buckling and torsional flexural buckling of the member are included in the analysis. The full response of the frame, up to the collapse load, can be predicted. Experimental investigation was carried out on a series of simple double storey symmetrical frames with the purpose of verifying the accuracy and validity of the analysis. Agreement between the theoretical and experimental results is acceptable. The investigation also shows that connection flexibility and local instability such as local buckling and torsional flexural buckling can affect the behaviour and strength of thin-walled frames significantly. The results can also provide further insight into the advanced study of practical structures where interaction between flexible connections and phenomenon associated with thin-walled members are present.

Properties of hydroxyapatite synthesize by wet chemical method

S. Ramesh,S. Adzila,C.K.L. Jeffrey,C.Y. Tan,J. Purbolaksono,A.M. Noor,M.A. Hassan,I. Sopyan,W.D. Teng 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2013 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.14 No.4

The sintering behavior of a commercial HA and synthesized HA was investigated over the temperature range of 700 o C to 1400 o C in terms of phase stability, bulk density, Young’s modulus and Vickers hardness. In the present research, a wet chemical precipitation reaction was successfully employed to synthesize a submicron, highly crystalline, high purity and single phase stoichiometric HA powder that is highly sinteractive particularly at low temperature regimes below 1100 o C. It has been revealed that the sinterability of the synthesized HA was significantly greater than that of the commercial HA. The temperature for the onset of sintering and the temperature required to achieve densities above 98% of theoretical value were approximately 150 o C lower for the synthesized HA than the equivalent commercial HA. Nevertheless, decomposition of HA phase upon sintering was not observed in the present work for both powders.

To vape or not to vape? Effects of exposure to conflicting news headlines on beliefs about harms and benefits of electronic cigarette use: Results from a randomized controlled experiment

Tan, Andy S.L.,Lee, Chul-joo,Nagler, Rebekah H.,Bigman, Cabral A. Elsevier 2017 Preventive medicine Vol.105 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>News coverage of novel tobacco products including e-cigarettes has framed the use of these products with both positive and negative slants. Conflicting information may shape public knowledge, perceptions of e-cigarettes, and their harms. The objective of this study is to assess effects of exposure to conflicting news coverage on US adults' beliefs about harms and benefits of e-cigarette use. We conducted a one-way between-subjects randomized controlled experiment in 2016 to compare the effects of viewing either 1) positive, 2) negative, 3) both positive and negative (conflicting) news headlines about the safety of using e-cigarettes, or 4) no-message. Participants were 2056 adults aged 18 and older from an online survey panel. Outcomes were beliefs about harms (3-item scale, α=0.76) and benefits (3-item scale, α=0.82) of using e-cigarettes. Participants who viewed negative headlines reported increased beliefs about harms (B=0.164, p=0.039) and lower beliefs about benefits of e-cigarette use (B=−0.216, p=0.009), compared with those in the positive headlines condition. These differences were replicated in subgroup analyses among never e-cigarette users. In addition, never e-cigarette users who viewed conflicting headlines reported lower beliefs about benefits of e-cigarette use (B=−0.221, p=0.030) than the positive headlines condition. Valence of news coverage about e-cigarettes (positive, negative, or conflicting) could influence people's beliefs about harms and benefits of e-cigarette use.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> In an experiment, participants viewed news headlines about e-cigarettes. </LI> <LI> Outcomes were beliefs about harms and benefits of using e-cigarettes. </LI> <LI> Negative headlines increased beliefs about harms and reduced beliefs about benefits. </LI> <LI> Conflicting headlines reduced beliefs about benefits of e-cigarette use among never users. </LI> <LI> Valence of news coverage about e-cigarettes could influence people's beliefs about e-cigarette use. </LI> </UL> </P>

Differential interactions of plasmid DNA, RNA and endotoxin with immobilised and free metal ions

Tan, L.,Lai, W.B.,Lee, C.T.,Kim, D.S.,Choe, W.S. Elsevier 2007 Journal of chromatography Vol.1141 No.2

Separation of negatively charged molecules, such as plasmid DNA (pDNA), RNA and endotoxin forms a bottleneck for the development of pDNA vaccine production process. The use of affinity interactions of transition metal ions with these molecules may provide an ideal separation methodology. In this study, the binding behaviour of pDNA, RNA and endotoxin to transition metal ions, either in immobilised or free form, was investigated. Transition metal ions: Cu<SUP>2+</SUP>, Ni<SUP>2+</SUP>, Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>, Co<SUP>2+</SUP> and Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>, typically employed in the immobilised metal affinity chromatography (IMAC), showed very different binding behaviour depending on the type of metal ions and their existing state, i.e. immobilised or free. In the alkaline cell lysate, pDNA showed no binding to any of the IMAC chemistries tested whereas RNA interacted significantly with Cu<SUP>2+</SUP>-iminodiacetic acid (IDA) and Ni<SUP>2+</SUP>-IDA but showed no substantial binding to the rest of the IMAC chemistries. pDNA and RNA, however, interacted to varying degrees with free metal ions in the solution. The greatest selectivity in terms of pDNA and RNA separation was achieved with Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> which enabled almost full precipitation of RNA while keeping pDNA soluble. For both immobilised and free metal ions, ionic strength of solution affected the metal ion-nucleic acid interaction significantly. Endotoxin, being more flexible, was able to interact better with the immobilised metal ions than the nucleic acids and showed binding to all the IMAC chemistries. The specific interactions of immobilised and/or free metal ions with pDNA, RNA and endotoxin showed a good potential, by selectively removing RNA and endotoxin at high efficiency, to develop a simplified pDNA purification process with improved process economics.

ITER magnet power conversion building construction and AC/DC converter installation

Tan, H.,Fortunato, F.,Suh, I.,Benfatto, I.,Song, Z.,Liu, S.,Oh, J.S.,Jiang, L.,Kim, S. Elsevier 2019 Fusion engineering and design Vol.146 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>ITER magnet power supply system, which will be the largest ever built power conversion system, jointly contributed by China and Korea Domestic Agency (DA) for AC/DC converters groups dedicated to the superconductive magnet coils and the associated DC component from Russia Federation. ITER magnet coil power supply AC/DC converters are hosted by the twin magnet power conversion buildings (MPCB) constructed by European Union. This paper briefs the construction and Ready For Equipment (RFE) condition of MPCB and describes how IO manages the integration and installation of AC/DC converters on ITER site (Cadarache, France). The challenge for installation and lesson learnt are also introduced.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> From manufacture to installation of ITER magnet coil power supply. </LI> <LI> Installation together with civil construction is an efficient way for cost saving. </LI> <LI> 3D model is important to study and optimize ITER AC/DC converter integration. </LI> <LI> Integrated installation schedule needs revise dynamically up to real situation. </LI> <LI> ITER central team plays a key role to achieve the installation on schedule. </LI> </UL> </P>