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Kwok Kuen Tsang,Hing Kwan To,Raymond K. H. Chan 한국교육개발원 2020 KEDI Journal of Educational Policy Vol.17 No.2
The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between school-based global learning education (GLE), knowledge, family income, and global competence, which consists of global perspective and intercultural literacy. Based on a survey of 599 high school students in Shenzhen, it finds that school-based GLE has direct positive effects on intercultural literacy. Although GLE does not have a direct impact on global perspective, it can influence global perspective through knowledge. When family income is taken into consideration, school-based GLE has no impact on the knowledge of students from low-income families, and their knowledge has no effect on their intercultural literacy. In contrast, family income has a negative impact on the knowledge of students from high-income families, and their knowledge has a positive effect on their intercultural literacy.
Kwok, Yin Ning 서양미술사학회 2015 서양미술사학회논문집 Vol.43 No.-
This paper illustrates in what ways writings in travel books or other written forms are similar to art works, and are worth studying, and challenges the dominant methodology of studying art works/images in art history. It is to emphasize that studying both image making history and image reading history is to make our understanding of art history complete, otherwise, we would miss out half of the art history because it takes both art creation and art reception to complete the whole existence of art. It is thus very important for art historians to research on art reception embedded in writings about art, and to investigate into art creation or production which embodied in art works/images. George Lay’s The Chinese as They Are (1841) is an excellent example demonstrating a very high level of receptive creativity in the entire period of my research (1600-1860). Lay’s ground-breaking discussion of painting and calligraphy pushed the level of European understanding to the highest ever. He evaluates Chinese painting based on Chinese aesthetics like the use of line, and particular canons and rules for learning painting. All these are elements constituting Chinese artistic values with which pictorial features function very differently from the European ones. Lay’s evaluation indicates that he makes a paradigm shift because his judgment, unlike others, is not based on European standards. Not being bounded by the European standards, Lay pays attention to many visual qualities, sees another kind of realism conveyed by lines and curves, appreciates ways of rigorously studying the depicted subjects; and recognizes the portrayal of the subjects’ (humans, plants, and birds) internal emotion and attitude, which they are not found in European painting. On calligraphy, his understanding of calligraphy is exceptional and extremely profound in the history of the European reception of Chinese calligraphy. In the whole period of the present study he was the first and only one to identify four types of script, to appreciate Chinese writing as an independent art form, and to evaluate this art based on Chinese aesthetics and artistic principles. Lay’s high level of receptive creativity in understanding Chinese art was extraordinary and unprecedented. It thus exemplifies and illustrates that it is very essential for art historians to research on written texts in order to study art reception which constitutes half of art appreciation.
Retinoic acid attenuates rheumatoid inflammation in mice.
Kwok, Seung-Ki,Park, Mi-Kyung,Cho, Mi-La,Oh, Hye-Jwa,Park, Eun-Mi,Lee, Dong-Gun,Lee, Jennifer,Kim, Ho-Youn,Park, Sung-Hwan American Association of Immunologists 2012 Journal of Immunology Vol. No.
<P>Retinoic acid is the active vitamin A derivative and is well-known to have diverse immunomodulatory actions. In this study, we investigated the impact of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a biologic key metabolite of vitamin A, on the development of arthritis and the pathophysiologic mechanisms by which ATRA might have antiarthritic effects in animal model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA; collagen-induced arthritis [CIA] in DBA/1J mice). We showed that treatment with ATRA markedly suppressed the clinical and histologic signs of arthritis in the CIA mice. It reduced the expression of IL-17 in the arthritic joints. Interestingly, Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells were markedly increased and IL-17-producing CD4(+) T cells (Th17 cells) were decreased in the spleens of ATRA-treated mice. In vitro treatment with ATRA induced the expression of Foxp3 and repressed the IL-17 expression in the CD4(+) T cells in mice. ATRA suppressed the production of total IgG and IgG2a in splenocytes that were stimulated by LPS. It also reduced serum levels of total IgG and IgG2 anti-collagen Abs and germinal center formation in CIA mice. In addition, the ATRA-treated mice showed decreased osteoclast formation in arthritic joints. Moreover, ATRA downregulated the expression of receptor activator of NF-관B ligand, the leading player of osteoclastogenesis, in the CD4(+) T cells and fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with RA. Furthermore, ATRA prevented both human monocytes and mice bone marrow-derived monocytes/macrophage cells from differentiating into osteoclasts. These data suggest ATRA might be an effective treatment modality for RA patients.</P>
PLANETARY NEBULAE: NEW CHALLENGES IN THE 21ST CENTURY
KWOK SUN The Korean Astronomical Society 2005 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.38 No.2
Athough planetary nebulae (PNe) have been discovered for over 200 years, it was not until 30 years ago that we arrived at a basic understanding of their origin and evolution. Even today, with observations covering the entire electromagnetic spectrum from radio to X-ray, there are still many unanswered questions on their structure and morphology. In this review, we summarize recent theoretical and observational advances in PNe research, and discuss the roles of PNe in the chemical (atomic, molecular, and solid-state) enrichment of the galaxy and as tracers of the large scale structure of the Universe.
Kwok, SK,Shin, YJ,Kim, HJ,Kim, HS,Kim, JY,Yoo, SA,Choi, JJ,Kim, WU,Cho, CS SAGE Publications 2009 Lupus Vol.18 No.2
<P>Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) have an increased risk for the development of thrombotic complications. Recent studies indicate that osteoprotegerin (OPG) acts as an important molecule in the development of vascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between serum OPG levels and APS manifestations in patients with SLE. Seventy-nine patients with SLE and ninety-two healthy controls, matched for age and sex, were included in this study. Serum levels of OPG, monocyte chemoattractant protein(MCP)-1 and soluble E-selectin were determined by ELISA. At the time of serum sampling, various clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed. We found that serum levels of OPG were significantly higher in patients with SLE than in healthy controls (1236?±?82 vs 967?±?37?pg/mL, <I>P</I>?=?0.003). Particularly, serum OPG levels were significantly higher in SLE patients with APS than those without (1615?±?191 vs 1171?±?91?pg/mL, <I>P</I>?=?0.006). Serum OPG levels correlated with titres of IgG anti-cardiolipin antibody (<I>P</I>?=?0.026) and anti-β<SUB>2</SUB>-glycoprotein I antibody (<I>P</I>?<?0.001). Moreover, serum OPG also correlated with serum levels of sE-selectin (<I>P</I>?=?0.002), which is an endothelial cell activation marker, and MCP-1 (<I>P</I>?=?0.003), a well known chemokine implicated in thrombogenesis. Collectively, serum OPG levels were increased in SLE patients with APS and correlated with titres of antiphospholipid antibodies, suggesting that OPG might be linked to the development of APS.</P>
Kwok Wai Chan 서울대학교 교육연구소 2009 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.10 No.4
Three hundred and seven teacher education students of a Hong Kong university were administered two questionnaires, one measuring emotional autonomy (EAS) and the other measuring perceived parenting styles (PAQ) of their parents. It was found that the Hong Kong teacher education students tended to be autonomous and they characterized their parents as authoritative instead of authoritarian. In addition, the emotional autonomy scale was positively related to authoritarianism, but negatively related to authoritativeness and permissiveness of parenting. Emotional detachment instead of autonomy seemed to be a more appropriate meaning of EAS for the interpretation of results. Implications were drawn for future research including development of an improved instrument in measuring emotional autonomy to study its associations with perceived parenting styles of young people across cultures.
Kwok Kei Mak,Jaeseung Jeong,Hye-Kyung Lee,Kounseok Lee 대한신경정신의학회 2018 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.15 No.11
Objective This study examined the mediating role of internet addiction in the association between psychological resilience and depressive symptoms. Methods 837 Korean university students completed a survey with items of demographic information, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in 2015. The complex associations among psychological resilience, internet addiction, and depressive symptoms were delineated using structural equation models. Results In the most parsimonious model, the total effect and indirect effect of resilience on depressive symptoms via internet addiction, were statistically significant. The goodness of fit of the measurement model was satisfactory with fit indices, normed fit index (NFI) of 0.990, non-normed fit index (NNFI) of 0.997, comparative fit index (CFI) of 0.998, root mean square error (RMSEA) of 0.018 (90%CI=0.001–0.034); and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) of -21.049. Conclusion The association between psychological resilience and depressive symptoms was mediated by internet addiction in Korean university students. Enhancement of resilience programs could help prevent internet addiction and reduce the related depression risks.
Optical Consequences of Korean Craniofacial Features
Kwok, L. Stephen,Kim, Douk-Hoon The Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society 2005 한국안광학회지 Vol.10 No.2
This review of the Korean eye anatomy suggests that there may be unsuspected links between anatomical characteristics of the eye and orbit, and optical performance.