Simplified approach for symbol error rate analysis of SC‐FDMA scheme over Rayleigh fading channel

Vinay Kumar Trivedi,Madhusudan Kumar Sinha,Preetam Kumar 한국전자통신연구원 2018 ETRI Journal Vol.40 No.4

In this paper, we present a comprehensive analytical study of the symbol error rate (SER) of single‐carrier frequency‐division multiple access (SC‐FDMA) with zero‐forcing frequency domain equalization (ZF‐FDE) over a Rayleigh fading channel. SC‐FDMA is considered as a potential waveform candidate for fifth‐generation (5G) radio access networks (RANs). First, the NC fold convolution of the noise distribution of an orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) system is computed for each value of the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in order to determine the noise distribution of the SC‐FDMA system. NC is the number of subcarriers assigned to a user or the size of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) precoding. Here, we present a simple alternative method of calculating the SER by simplifying the NC fold convolution using time and amplitude scaling properties. The effects of the NC fold convolution and SNR over the computation of the SER of the SC‐FDMA system has been separated out. As a result, the proposed approach only requires the computation of the NC fold convolution once, and it is used for different values of SNR to calculate the SER of SC‐FDMA systems.

Data Hiding approach based on Eight-Queens Problem and Pixel Mapping Method

Abhishek Bansal,Sunil Kumar Muttoo,Vinay Kumar 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.7 No.5

A new steganographic algorithm is presented using pixel mapping method based on eight queens and number of ones in pixel intensity value. In our method, we are sequentially selecting 81 pixel blocks to embed message bit. The method works with randomizing the bit selection in the 81 pixel block using eight queens’ solutions. This approach finds relationship between secret message and cover image according to the pixel mapping table. In this paper, we have presented a secure image steganography technique with acceptable levels of imperceptibility and distortion in the cover image. In presenting algorithm, security is considered by the randomize selection of eight queen’s solutions based on a seed value. The presented algorithm not only provides high level security, but also produces high capacity and good imperceptibility. The algorithm has been tested with different image file formats like BMP, TIFF and PNG.

A new efficient route for synthesis of R,R- and S,Shexamethylpropyleneamine oxime for labeling with technetium-99m

Vinay Kumar Banka,김영주,이윤상,정재민 대한방사성의약품학회 2020 Journal of radiopharmaceuticals and molecular prob Vol.6 No.2

[99mTc]Tc-Hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) is currently used as a regional cerebral blood flow imaging agent for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The HMPAO ligand exists in two isomeric forms: d,l and meso showing different properties in vivo. Later studies indicated that brain uptake patterns of 99mTc-complexes formed from separated enantiomers differed. Separation of enantiomers is difficult by fractional crystallizations method. Usually, the substance is obtained in low chemical yield in a time-consuming procedure. Furthermore, the final product still contains some impurity. So we have developed new efficient route for synthesis of R,R - and S,S -HMPAO enantiomeric compounds in 6-steps. Nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reactions of 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine either with S- (1a) or R-methyl-2-chloropropanoate (1b) were performed to produce compounds R,R- (2a) or S,S -isomer (2b) derivatives protected with benzylchloroformate (Cbz), respectively. And then Weinreb amide and methylation reaction using Grignard reagent, oxime formation with ketone group and deprotectiion of Cbz group by hydrogenolysis gave S,S- (7a) or R,R-HMPAO (7b), respectively. Entaniomeric compounds were synthesied with high yield and purity without any undesired product. The 7a or 7b kits containing 10 µg SnCl2-2H2O were labeled with 99mTc with high radiolabeling yield (90%).

Numerical investigation of a star's trajectory in binary Quasar system

VINAY KUMAR,BEENA R GUPTA,RAJIV AGGARWAL 장전수학회 2016 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.26 No.3

In this paper, we have considered Time-Frequency analysis (TFA) based on wavelets for the identification and classification of trajectories in a nonlinear dynamical model. Time-Frequency Analysis (TFA) is the relatively fast method. Ridge-plots (Time-frequency landscape) obtained from Time-Frequency Analysis (TFA) extracts instantaneous frequency from the phase of continuous wavelet transform (CWT). The nonlinear model considered in the analysis is the binary system of quasars hosted in the pair of interacting disk galaxies introduced recently. We have characterized the different type of trajectories like periodic, quasi-periodic, chaotic sticky, chaotic non-sticky, weakly and strongly chaotic. We have shown a comparative study between Time-Frequency Analysis (TFA) and a well-established method Lyapunov Characteristic Exponent (LCE). We have also presented the graphs explaining the phenomenon of transient chaos and resonance trapping.

Exploiting the bioactive properties of essential oils and their potential applications in food industry

Vinay Kumar Pandey,Anjali Tripathi,Shivangi Srivastava,Aamir Hussain Dar,Rahul Singh,Alvina Farooqui,Sneha Pandey 한국식품과학회 2023 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.32 No.7

Fruits are an abundant source of minerals and nutrients. High nutritional value and easy-to-consume property have increased its demand. In a way to fulfil this need, farmers have increased production, thus making it available for consumers in various regions. This distribution of fruits to various regions deals with many associated problems like deterioration and spoilage. In a way, the common practices that are being used are stored at low temperatures, preservation with chemicals, and many more. Recently, edible coating has emerged as a promising preservation technique to combat the above-mentioned problems. Edible coating stands for coating fruits with bioactive compounds which maintains the nutritional characteristics of fruit and also enhances the shelf life. The property of edible coating to control moisture loss, solute movement, gas exchange, and oxidation makes it most suitable to use. Preservation is uplifted by maintaining the nutritional and physicochemical properties of fruits with the effectiveness of essential oils. The essential oil contains antioxidant, antimicrobial, flavor, and probiotic properties. The utilization of essential oil in the edible coating has increased the property of coating. This review includes the process of extraction, potential benefits and applications of essential oils in food industry.

Enhanced proline accumulation and salt stress tolerance of transgenic indica rice by over-expressing P5CSF129A gene

Kumar, Vinay,Shriram, Varsha,Kishor, P.B. Kavi,Jawali, Narendra,Shitole, M.G. The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2010 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.4 No.1

[ ${\Delta}^1$ ]pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) is a proline biosynthetic pathway enzyme and is known for conferring enhanced salt and drought stress in transgenics carrying this gene in a variety of plant species; however, the wild-type P5CS is subjected to feedback control. Therefore, in the present study, we used a mutagenized version of this osmoregulatory gene-P5CSF129A, which is not subjected to feedback control, for producing transgenic indica rice plants of cultivar Karjat-3 via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. We have used two types of explants for this purpose, namely mature embryo-derived callus and shoot apices. Various parameters for transformation were optimized including antibiotic concentration for selection, duration of cocultivation, addition of phenolic compound, and bacterial culture density. The resultant primary transgenic plants showed more enhanced proline accumulation than their non-transformed counterparts. This proline level was particularly enhanced in the transgenic plants of next generation ($T_1$) under 150 mM NaCl stress. The higher proline level shown by transgenic plants was associated with better biomass production and growth performance under salt stress and lower extent of lipid peroxidation, indicating that overproduction of proline may have a role in counteracting the negative effect of salt stress and higher maintenance of cellular integrity and basic physiological processes under stress.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure: Terminology, mechanisms and management

Vinay Kumar BR,Shiv Kumar Sarin 대한간학회 2023 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.29 No.3

Acute-on-chronic liver failure is an acute deterioration of liver function manifesting as jaundice and coagulopathy with the development of ascites, with a high probability of extrahepatic organ involvement and high 28-day mortality. The pathogenesis involves extensive hepatic necrosis, which is associated with severe systemic inflammation and subsequently causes the cytokine storm, leading to portal hypertension, organ dysfunction, and organ failure. These patients have increased gut permeability, releasing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS) in the blood, leading to hyper-immune activation and the secretion of cytokines, followed by immune paralysis, causing the development of infections and organ failure in a proportion of patients. Early detection and the institution of treatment, especially in the "Golden Window" period of 7 days, gives an opportunity for reversal of the syndrome. Scores like the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) ACLF research consortium (AARC) score, a model for end stage liver disease (MELD), and the CLIF Consortium acute-on-chronic liver failure (CLIF-C ACLF) score can help in the prediction of mortality. Treatment strategy includes treatment of acute insult. Patients should be considered for early transplant with MELD score >28, AARC score >10, high-grade hepatic encephalopathy, and in the absence of >2 organ failure or overt sepsis to improve survival of up to 80% at five years. Patients, with no option of transplant, can be treated with emerging therapies like faecal microbial transplant, plasma exchange, etc., which need further evaluation.

Analyzing the Goal Structured Requirements Engineering and Traceability Model

Vinay Kumar,Reema Thareja 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.7 No.3

CONFORMAL HEMI-SLANT SUBMERSIONS FROM COSYMPLECTIC MANIFOLDS

Vinay Kumar,Rajendra Prasad,Sandeep Kumar Verma Korean Mathematical Society 2023 대한수학회논문집 Vol.38 No.1

The main goal of the paper is the introduction of the notion of conformal hemi-slant submersions from almost contact metric manifolds onto Riemannian manifolds. It is a generalization of conformal anti-invariant submersions, conformal semi-invariant submersions and conformal slant submersions. Our main focus is conformal hemi-slant submersion from cosymplectic manifolds. We tend also study the integrability of the distributions involved in the definition of the submersions and the geometry of their leaves. Moreover, we get necessary and sufficient conditions for these submersions to be totally geodesic, and provide some representative examples of conformal hemi-slant submersions.

Heating and phyiso-mechanical characteristics of porous spinel developed by Starch

Kumar Saurav,Manas Ranjan Majhi,Vinay Kumar Singh 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2016 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.17 No.10

Among the techniques used to produce these materials (such as the addition of foaming agents and organic compounds), thepore generation via phase transformation presents key aspects, such as easy processing and the absence of toxic volatiles. Inthis study, this technique was applied to produce porous ceramics by decomposing an EX potato known as starch soluble(C6H10O5)n. Porous MgO ceramics prepared at different sintering temperatures is studied. Porous MgO was synthesis byheating pellets at 1100 oC for 1hr. The resultant porous MgO was then immersed in an 10 mol/L aluminium nitrate solution,dried, and reheated at 1300 oC for 2 hrs to convert it to spinel. The method results from generalized relations that weredesigned for study of physical properties of fractal structures. As it is shown these relations are in a good agreement with theequations used for the description of time responses of temperature for the pulse input of supplied heat. The volume fractionof porosity can be defined as the fraction of void space relative to the apparent total bulk volume of the sample. Porosity inmaterials originates from different processing and synthesis routes.