Carbon nanotubes as cancer therapeutic carriers and mediators

Son, Kuk Hui,Hong, Jeong Hee,Lee, Jin Woo DOVE MEDICAL PRESS 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE Vol.11 No.-

<P>Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have received increasing attention in biomedical fields because of their unique structures and properties, including high aspect ratios, large surface areas, rich surface chemical functionalities, and size stability on the nanoscale. Particularly, they are attractive as carriers and mediators for cancer therapy. Through appropriate functionalization, CNTs have been used as nanocarriers for anticancer drugs including doxorubicin, camptothecin, carboplatin, cisplatin, paclitaxel, Pt(II), and Pt(IV), and genes including plasmid DNA, small-interfering RNA, oligonucleotides, and RNA/DNA aptamers. CNTs can also deliver proteins and immunotherapy components. Using combinations of light energy, they have also been applied as mediators for photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy to directly destroy cancer cells without severely damaging normal tissue. If limitations such as a long-term cytotoxicity in the body, lack of size uniformity during the synthetic process, loading deviations for drug–CNT complexes, and release controllability at the target point are overcome, CNTs will become one of the strongest tools that are available for various other biomedical fields as well as for cancer therapy.</P>

The Effect of Adhesion Barriers in Preventing Pericardial Adhesion Depending on the Type of Barrier: Solution Type versus Film Type

Kuk Hui Son,노인섭,Jae-Kyung Won,손호성 한국생체재료학회 2011 생체재료학회지 Vol.15 No.1

Background: Pericardial adhesion is a significant challenge for re-sternotomy. An adhesion barrier made with hyaluronate and carboxymethylcellulose (HA-CMC) has been used. The solution type and film type of HA-CMC barrier was commercially introduced. While the solution type is easy to apply but possible to stream down the wound sites, the film type showed fixation on the wound sites but difficulty in handling. This study was designed to investigate the effect of adhesion barriers according to the type of barriers Methods: Twelve mongrel dogs were classified into two group; the S group (n=6) which received the solution type of barrier, and the F group (n=6) which was received the film type. After making an abrasion wound on left ventricular wall, the wound was covered with a solution or film type of barrier. After 4 weeks, adhesion severity (Grade 0-5) and adhesion strength (grade 0-4) were measured. The number of white blood cells (WBC), rate of erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR), and the amount of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured for the estimation of systemic inflammation at 1 week and 4 weeks postoperatively. Microscopic examination was also performed. Results: Adhesion severities of the S and F groups were both scored as 4. The adhesion strengths of the S group and F group were 4 and 3, respectively. There were no significant differences between groups when WBC count, CRP, and ESR were compared. Degrees of fibrosis, regeneration of the mesothelial cell, inflammation, and foreign body reaction were not also significantly different between the groups. Conclusion: Although the concern that solution type of barrier might be decreased the anti-adhesion effect because of the possibility of streaming down the wound sites, the anti-adhesion effect was not significantly different between groups. These results may help surgeons decide the appropriate type of adhesion barrier to use.

Association Between Fasting Blood Glucose and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients With Normal Glucose Tolerance

Son, Kuk Hui,Lim, Nam Kyoo,Chung, Hye Won,Jeong, Kyungah,Pyun, Wook Bum,Lee, Ji Young,Kim, Min Ju,Park, Hyun-Young American Diabetes Association 2013 Diabetes care Vol.36 No.5

Gamma-aminobutyric acid-salt attenuated high cholesterol/high salt diet induced hypertension in mice

Myeongjoo Son,Seyeon Oh,Hye Sun Lee,Junwon Choi,Bae-Jin Lee,Joung-Hyun Park,Chul Hyun Park,Kuk Hui Son,Kyunghee Byun 대한약리학회 2021 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.25 No.1

Excessive salt intake induces hypertension, but several gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) supplements have been shown to reduce blood pressure. GABAsalt, a fermented salt by L. brevis BJ20 containing GABA was prepared through the post-fermentation with refined salt and the fermented GABA extract. We evaluated the effect of GABA-salt on hypertension in a high salt, high cholesterol diet induced mouse model. We analyzed type 1 macrophage (M1) polarization, the expression of M1 related cytokines, GABA receptor expression, endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, and medial thicknesses in mice model. GABA-salt attenuated diet-induced blood pressure increases, M1 polarization, and TNF-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) levels in mouse aortas, and in salt treated macrophages in vitro. Furthermore, GABA-salt induced higher GABAB receptor and endothelial NOS (eNOS) and eNOS phosphorylation levels than those observed in salt treated ECs. In addition, GABA-salt attenuated EC dysfunction by decreasing the levels of adhesion molecules (E-selectin, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 [ICAM-1], vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1]) and of von Willebrand Factor and reduced EC death. GABA-salt also reduced diet-induced reductions in the levels of eNOS, phosphorylated eNOS, VSMC proliferation and medial thickening in mouse aortic tissues, and attenuated Endothelin-1 levels in salt treated VSMCs. In summary, GABA-salt reduced high salt, high cholesterol diet induced hypertension in our mouse model by reducing M1 polarization, EC dysfunction, and VSMC proliferation.

Time-Varying Hemodynamic Characteristics Simulation using Computerized Mock Circulatory Loop System with Servo Flow Regulator

Moon, Youngjin,Son, Kuk Hui,Choi, Jaesoon The Korean Society of Medical and Biological Engin 2015 의공학회지 Vol.36 No.6

A mock circulatory loop system has been developed to construct a simulator for trainees in cardiopulmonary bypass systems or to simulate a test environment for cardiac-assist devices. This paper proposes a computerized mock circulatory loop system whose node is modularized by using a servo control flow regulator to simulate dynamic change of the hemodynamic status. To observe the effect of time-varying resistance, one with hemodynamic properties, the proposed system replicates the planned cross-sectional areas of the outlet of a ventricular assist device in terms of voltage input of a servo valve. The experiment is performed (1) for steady-input commands of selected area sizes and (2) for dynamic commands such as monotonous increase and decrease, and oscillatory functions of the voltage input, and a computer program based on LabVIEW (National Instruments, Austin, USA) processes every measured data and control command to the servo valve. The results show that the pressure and flow at the target points with respect to time-varying resistance match intuitive estimation: the pressure at the outlet and the pressure drop between both sides of the valve increased and the flow at the outlet decreased for increased resistance.

Predicting the Risk of Incident Hypertension in a Korean Middle-Aged Population: Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study

Lim, Nam-Kyoo,Son, Kuk-Hui,Lee, Kwang-Soo,Park, Hyeon-Young,Cho, Myeong-Chan Wiley Blackwell (Blackwell Publishing) 2013 The journal of clinical hypertension Vol.15 No.5

Development of simple and sensitive hydrogel based colorimetric sensor array for the real-time quantification of gaseous ammonia

Krishnan, Sanduru Thamarai,Son, Kuk Hui,Kim, Namhyoung,Viswanath, Buddolla,Kim, Sanghyo,An, Jeong Ho Elsevier S.A. 2017 Materials Science and Engineering C Vol. No.

<P>A real-time colorimetric sensor array (CSA) offers the advantages of diversity and accuracy for the quantification of multiple analytes; however, traditional sensors require a complex fabrication process. Therefore, to take full advantage of this sensing platform, we have developed a simple CSA system composed of a polymer, a reducing agent, and different pH indicators. Distinctive color response patterns were classified by extracting the hidden information, (i.e., red, green, and blue (RGB) values) from the indicators. This triple-channel sensing platform is further applied for statistical analysis, to quantify different concentrations of ammonia and other analytes. The sensor array showed a limit of detection of 0.3 ppm, which is well below the diagnostic criteria for ammonia concentration in the breath of healthy individuals and of patients with end-stage renal disease. As this sensor would be able to quantify gaseous ammonia in the breath, it is relevant to the point-of-care diagnosis of patients with renal diseases. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Experimental Investigation of Pulsatility Effect on the Deformability and Hemolysis of Blood Cells

Kang, Yang Jun,Kim, Myoung Gon,Son, Kuk Hui,Lim, Choon Hak,Son, Ho Sung,Yoon, Sang Youl,Kwon, Hyuk Sang,Yang, Sung Blackwell Publishing Inc 2010 Artificial Organs Vol.34 No.4

<P>Abstract</P><P>In this study, we investigated the differences between pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) procedure and nonpulsatile CPB procedure in terms of their effects on hemolysis and deformability of red blood cells (RBCs) under various shear stress conditions. In order to research the effects on hemolysis and deformability, four parameters—free hemoglobin (fHb) concentration, normalized index of hemolysis (NIH), deformability index (DI) of RBCs, and elongation index of RBCs—have been deeply investigated. For these investigations, two randomly assigned adult mongrel dog groups—nonpulsatile group (NP, <I>n</I> = 6) and pulsatile group (P, <I>n</I> = 6)—were examined. According to our results, both types of perfusion did not show any statistical differences in terms of the concentrations of fHb as well as NIH. In addition, there were no significant differences in RBC deformability between perfusion types within an operation time of 3 h. Therefore, our studies suggest that pulsatile perfusion has no significant difference from nonpulsatile perfusion in terms of hemolysis and deformability of RBCs.</P>

Effect of fermented sarco oyster extract on age induced sarcopenia muscle repair by modulating regulatory T cells

Kyung-A Byun,Seyeon Oh,Sosorburam Batsukh,Kyoung-Min Rheu,이배진,Kuk Hui Son,Kyunghee Byun 한국수산과학회 2023 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.26 No.6

Sarcopenia is an age-related, progressive skeletal muscle disorder involving the loss of muscle mass and strength. Previous studies have shown that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from fermented oysters aids in regulatory T cells (Tregs) cell expansion and function by enhancing autophagy, and concomitantly mediate muscle regeneration by modulating muscle inflammation and satellite cell function. The fermentation process of oysters not only increases the GABA content but also enhances the content of branched amino acids and free amino acids that aid the level of protein absorption and muscle strength, mass, and repair. In this study, the effect of GABA-enriched fermented sarco oyster extract (FSO) on reduced muscle mass and functions via Treg modulation and enhanced autophagy in aged mice was investigated. Results showed that FSO enhanced the expression of autophagy markers (autophagy-related gene 5 [ATG5] and GABA receptor-associated protein [GABARAP]), forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) expression, and levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-10 and transforming growth factor [TGF]-β) secreted by Tregs while reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-17A and interferon [IFN]-γ). Furthermore, FSO increased the expression of IL-33 and its receptor IL-1 receptor-like 1 (ST2); well-known signaling pathways that increase amphiregulin (Areg) secretion and expression of myogenesis markers (myogenic factor 5, myoblast determination protein 1, and myogenin). Muscle mass and function were also enhanced via FSO. Overall, the current study suggests that FSO increased autophagy, which enhanced Treg accumulation and function, decreased muscle inflammation, and increased satellite cell function for muscle regeneration and therefore could decrease the loss of muscle mass and function with aging.

Development of Multi-layer Tubular Vascular Scaffold to Enhance Compliance by Exhibiting a Negative Poisson’s Ratio

Chi Bum Ahn,김주현,Jihyun Lee,Kook Yang Park,Kuk Hui Son,이진우 한국정밀공학회 2021 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.8 No.3

Synthetic small diameter vascular grafts frequently fail owing to intimal hyperplasia, results from mismatched compliance between the vascular graft and native vessels. A vascular graft with a negative Poisson's ratio (NPR, materials expand transversely when pulled axially) was suggested to enhance compliance. We produced a three-layer tubular vascular scaffold with NRP properties. The luminal side consisted of nanosized electrospun fibers for endothelial cell (EC) growth. The middle layer was an NPR structure created using 3D printing, and the outer layer was a microsized electrospun fiber layer for vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth. The developed multi-layer tubular vascular scaffold contained NPR value. And the NPR vascular scaffold showed 1.7 time higher compliance than the PPR scaffold and 3.8 times higher than that of commercial polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) vascular graft. In addition, the ECs and VSMCs were well survived and proliferated on the scaffold during 10 days of culture. From the optimized co-culture condition of the VSMCs and ECs that VSMC phenotype changed was inhibited, we successfully generated a thin luminal layer, which consisted of ECs and the proper thickness of the VSMC layer under the ECs. This scaffold may have a potential to replace conventional artificial vascular graft by providing enhanced compliance and improved cell culture environment.