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Tie1 controls angiopoietin function in vascular remodeling and inflammation
Korhonen, Emilia A.,Lampinen, Anita,Giri, Hemant,Anisimov, Andrey,Kim, Minah,Allen, Breanna,Fang, Shentong,D Amico, Gabriela,Sipilä,, Tuomas J.,Lohela, Marja American Society for Clinical Investigation 2016 The Journal of clinical investigation Vol.126 No.9
<P>The angiopoietin/Tie (ANG/Tie) receptor system controls developmental and tumor angiogenesis, inflammatory vascular remodeling, and vessel leakage. ANG1 is a Tie2 agonist that promotes vascular stabilization in inflammation and sepsis, whereas ANG2 is a context-dependent Tie2 agonist or antagonist. A limited understanding of ANG signaling mechanisms and the orphan receptor Tie1 has hindered development of ANG/Tie-targeted therapeutics. Here, we determined that both ANG1 and ANG2 binding to Tie2 increases Tie1-Tie2 interactions in a 131 integrin-dependent manner and that Tie1 regulates ANG-induced Tie2 trafficking in endothelial cells. Endothelial Tie1 was essential for the agonist activity of ANG1 and autocrine ANG2. Deletion of endothelial Tiel in mice reduced Tie2 phosphorylation and downstream Akt activation, increased FOXO1 nuclear localization and transcriptional activation, and prevented ANG1- and ANG2-induced capillary-to-venous remodeling. However, in acute endotoxemia, the Tie1 ectodomain that is responsible for interaction with Tie2 was rapidly cleaved, ANG1 agonist activity was decreased, and autocrine ANG2 agonist activity was lost, which led to suppression of Tie2 signaling. Tie1 cleavage also occurred in patients with hantavirus infection. These results support a model in which Tie1 directly interacts with Tie2 to promote ANG-induced vascular responses under noninflammatory conditions, whereas in inflammation, Tie1 cleavage contributes to loss of ANG2 agonist activity and vascular stability.</P>
Tradition and Legitimation in North Korea: The Role of the Moranbong Band
Pekka Korhonen,Adam Cathcart 한국학중앙연구원 한국학중앙연구원 2017 THE REVIEW OF KOREAN STUDIES Vol.20 No.2
Since its debut in 2012, the Moranbong Band has served as a key symbol for the Kim Jong-un-era ruling style, limited cosmopolitanism, and ultimately political conservatism. This article analyses the legitimacy strategies of North Korean official culture in the light of perceived internal needs for change, even as the foundations of the traditional personality cult remain intact and strengthened by the Band’s performances. Analysis of musical performances online and relevant comparative literature on North Korean music form the core of the article. Finally, the article shows the arc from the Band as an innovative symbol of possible liberalization into a far more conservative implement as time has gone on. Because North Korea remains staunchly fixed as both the target and agent of a classical war propaganda campaign, the country is far more renowned for missile tests, purges, and labor camps than for its music; this paper argues that culture is also a relevant aspect of North Korean life, and a significant carrier of political legitimacy.
On delay differential equations with meromorphic solutions of hyper-order less than one
Risto Korhonen,Yan Liu 대한수학회 2024 대한수학회보 Vol.61 No.1
We consider the delay differential equations \begin{equation*} b(z)w(z+1)+c(z)w(z-1)+a(z)\frac{w'(z)}{w^k(z)}=\frac{P(z,w(z))}{Q(z,w(z))}, \end{equation*} where $k\in\{1,2\}$, $a(z)$, $b(z)\not\equiv 0$, $c(z)\not\equiv 0$ are rational functions, and $P(z,w(z))$ and $Q(z,w(z))$ are polynomials in $w(z)$ with rational coefficients satisfying certain natural conditions regarding their roots. It is shown that if this equation has a non-rational meromorphic solution $w$ with hyper-order $\rho_{2}(w)<1$, then either $\deg_w(P)=\deg_w(Q)+1\leq 3$ or $\max\{\deg_w(P),\deg_w(Q)\}\leq 1$. In addition, it is shown that in the case $\max\{\deg_w(P),\deg_w(Q)\}= 0$ the equations above can have such a solution, with an additional zero density requirement, only if the coefficients of the equation satisfy certain strict conditions.
( K. C. Fung ),( Iikka Korhonen ),( Ke Li ),( Francis Ng ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2009 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.24 No.3
China has become leading recipients of foreign direct investment (FDI). Meanwhile, an increasing share of global FDI is going to many Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs). What is the relationship between inward FDI of China and the CEECs? We conceptualize the relationship according to three alternative paradigms: (1) China and the CEECs each exist in its own regional production network, with no linkage between FDI flows into China and into CEECs; (2) China and the CEECs together comprise a global production network, so that China`s FDI is positively related to CEECs` FDI; and (3) FDI into China is a substitute for FDI into the CEECs, with the correlation being negative. In this paper, we study empirical estimates of this issue for 15 CEECs for 1990-2004 using four different econometric approaches: FGLS with Random effects, FGLS with fixed effects, EC2SLS and GMM. The result supports the conclusion that China`s inward FDI does not crowd out CEECs` inward FDI. In fact, it shows that in some regressions FDI flows in these two regions are moderately complementary. Our analysis also confirms the importance for FDI flows of determinants such as market size, degree of trade liberalization, labor quality and a healthy global FDI supply.