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EFFECTS OF FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES ON MILK-YIELD AND MILK-COMPONENTS OF DAIRY COWS
Kobayashi, S.,Eida, T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1990 Animal Bioscience Vol.3 No.1
Fructo-oligosaccharides are found in many plants, such as onion, burdock and wheat. They are not well hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes in animals, but are peculiarly assimilated by Bifidobacterium and some useful bacteria. In our previous experiment (Kobayashi et al., 1987) it was suggested that they were effective in decreasing energy loss in the metabolism of dairy calves. In the present study, the effects of fructo-oligosaccharides on body weight, milk-yield and milk-components (fat, protein and solids-not-fat) were investigated in dairy cows. Lactating cows were fed a standard diet containing fructoligo saccharides at 18.70g, 9.35g and 0.0g (control) per 100kg body weight, day for three weeks. Neither treatments significantly affected any of the parameters examined. The fructo-oligosaccharides were assumed to be hydrolyzed by rumen microorganisms and hardly to affect the bacterium florae in the intestines of the lactating cows.
Search for sub-GeV dark matter by annual modulation using XMASS-I detector
Kobayashi, M.,Abe, K.,Hiraide, K.,Ichimura, K.,Kishimoto, Y.,Kobayashi, K.,Moriyama, S.,Nakahata, M.,Ogawa, H.,Sato, K.,Sekiya, H.,Suzuki, T.,Takeda, A.,Tasaka, S.,Yamashita, M.,Yang, B.S.,Kim, N.Y.,K North-Holland Pub. Co 2019 Physics letters. Section B Vol.795 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A search for dark matter (DM) with mass in the sub-GeV region (0.32–1 GeV) was conducted by looking for an annual modulation signal in XMASS, a single-phase liquid xenon detector. Inelastic nuclear scattering accompanied by bremsstrahlung emission was used to search down to an electron equivalent energy of 1 keV. The data used had a live time of 2.8 years (3.5 years in calendar time), resulting in a total exposure of 2.38 ton-years. No significant modulation signal was observed and 90% confidence level upper limits of 1.6 × <SUP> 10 − 33 </SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 0.5 GeV was set for the DM-nucleon cross section. This is the first experimental result of a search for DM mediated by the bremsstrahlung effect. In addition, a search for DM with mass in the multi-GeV region (4–20 GeV) was conducted with a lower energy threshold than previous analysis of XMASS. Elastic nuclear scattering was used to search down to a nuclear recoil equivalent energy of 2.3 keV, and upper limits of 2.9 × <SUP> 10 − 42 </SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 8 GeV was obtained.</P>
Examining the Effects of Metacognitive Instruction in Oral Communication for EFL Learners
Ayako Kobayashi 아시아영어교육학회 2020 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.17 No.2
This study investigated the effects of metacognitive instruction in oral communication for EFL learners over a semester. Participants (N = 58) were sampled from four oral communication classes in a private university in the western part of Japan where the researcher had been working as an English instructor. They were freshmen whose majors were not English. The treatment group (n = 28) received metacognitive instruction in oral communication (i.e., they were taught how to improve oral communication skills and how to become more autonomous learners through metacognitive processes as well as activities such as planning, monitoring, and reflecting). The contrast group (n = 30), taught by the same teacher, did not receive metacognitive instruction although they used the same textbooks and materials and had more time for interaction in English. Results of the questionnaire (SRLQ, the Self-Regulated Learning in Oral Communication Questionnaire, Kobayashi, 2016a) showed that students in the treatment group became more self-regulated learners. Moreover, it was found that the treatment group made greater gains in interactional competence, regulation of cognition, cognitive strategies and interaction strategies. Furthermore, it was verified that learners with low interactional competence in the treatment group benefited the most from such metacognitive instruction.
Persistence of Denosumab Therapy among Patients with Osteoporosis
Kobayashi Kazuyoshi,Ando Kei,Machino Masaaki,Morozumi Masayoshi,Kanbara Shunsuke,Ito Sadayuki,Inoue Taro,Yamaguchi Hidetoshi,Ishiguro Naoki,Imagama Shiro 대한척추외과학회 2020 Asian Spine Journal Vol.14 No.4
Study Design: Retrospective study in a single center.Purpose: To examine denosumab persistence in patients of different ages with severe osteoporosis in Japan.Overview of Literature: Denosumab is an antibody drug used for the treatment of osteoporosis. It is mainly used in patients with severe osteoporosis who might have high motivation for treatment, and the need for only semi-annual subcutaneous injection might improve the continuation rate. However, no English-language articles have reported on denosumab persistence in the Japanese population, including young people, despite the importance of this issue in a super-aging society. Methods: The subjects started treatment with subcutaneous denosumab in our department from July 2013 until December 2017. Persistence rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Patients were defined as “persistent” or “non-persistent” according to the use of therapy after 60 months.Results: The study included 101 patients (84 females) with a median follow-up period of 23.6±14.2 months. The persistence rate declined to 85.3%, 78.3%, 74.1%, 71.3%, and 69.3% at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months, respectively. Age at the initiation of denosumab therapy differed significantly between non-persistent (n=31) and persistent (n=70) patients (81.3 vs. 72.8 years, <i>p</i> <0.01). Persistence was significantly lower in patients aged ≥80 years than in those aged <60 and 60–79 years (both <i>p</i> <0.01). The reasons for non-persistence of denosumab therapy were transfer to another hospital (n=13), interruption of outpatient visits (n=11), dental treatment (n=4), adverse events (n=2), and patient request (n=1).Conclusions: Persistence was significantly lower in patients aged ≥80 years than in patients of other ages, and strategies promoting persistence are needed for these elderly patients.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Adherence to Denosumab Therapy: A Single Center Study
Kobayashi Kazuyoshi,Sato Koji,Ando Toshihiro,Ando Kei,Imura Saori 대한척추외과학회 2023 Asian Spine Journal Vol.17 No.5
Study Design: A retrospective comparative study of denosumab therapy adherence before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on denosumab therapy adherence in Japan.Overview of Literature: Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody for osteoporosis treatment. Delayed denosumab injections are associated with reduced treatment responses, which was a concern during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Participants included 376 patients who received denosumab (60 mg every 6 months) from January 2013 to June 2021. The time from therapy initiation to discontinuation was used to measure persistence, and that between initial and subsequent injections was used to determine adherence. The pandemic period was from March 2020 to December 2021.Results: Patients were divided into those treated after March 2020 (pandemic group, n=244) and those who discontinued treatment before March 2020 (non-pandemic group, n=132). Non-persistent cases accounted for 154, including 24 (20%), 64 (19%), and 66 (53%) aged ≤59 years, 60–79 years, and ≥80 years, respectively. The overall persistence rate at 78 months was 59.2%. Postponed cases were significantly lower in the non-pandemic group than in the pandemic group (8% vs. 15%, <i>p</i> =0.042). Postponement with a delay of 1–2 months did not significantly differ between the two groups, but with a significant difference for a delay of ≥3 months (0% vs. 36%, <i>p</i> =0.024).Conclusions: Denosumab adherence remained constant but postponed cases significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Better communication by health providers on denosumab adherence and alternative administration may reduce dosing interruptions in similar pandemic situations.
Seed-mediated synthesis of Pd-Rh bimetallic nanodendrites
Kobayashi, H.,Lim, B.,Wang, J.,Camargo, P.H.C.,Yu, T.,Kim, M.J.,Xia, Y. North Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2010 Chemical physics letters Vol.494 No.4
This Letter describes a simple, aqueous-phase route to the synthesis of Pd-Rh bimetallic nanodendrites consisting of Rh branches anchored to a Pd nanocrystal core. Palladium nanocrystals with various shapes, including truncated octahedron, cube, octahedron, and thin plate, have all been successfully employed as seeds to grow Rh branches via the reduction of Na<SUB>3</SUB>RhCl<SUB>6</SUB> with l-ascorbic acid in an aqueous solution. The degree of Rh branching could be controlled by varying the concentration of Na<SUB>3</SUB>RhCl<SUB>6</SUB> involved in a synthesis. Electron microscopy analysis revealed that growth of Rh branches proceeded via attachment of small Rh particles that had been formed via homogeneous nucleation in solution.