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Flexible lateral organic solar cells with core-shell structured organic nanofibers
Kim, M.,Jo, S.B.,Park, J.H.,Cho, K. Elsevier 2015 Nano energy Vol.18 No.-
One-dimensional conjugated polymer fibers provide unperturbed percolation pathways for efficient charge transport. Here, we report the fabrication of photoresponsive core-shell organic semiconductor fibers by using co-axial electrospinning and their application to the flexible organic photovoltaic devices. The electrospun organic semiconductor fibers are encapsulated with a sheath, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and consist of the photoactive materials poly(3-hexylthiophene) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM). The electrospun P3HT:PCBM fibers consist of PCBM-rich core and P3HT-rich shell phases with P3HT chains aligned along the fiber direction. This structure exhibits strong photoresponsive behavior after thermal annealing, which was assessed by implementing the fibers in a phototransistor and a photodiode. Finally, we demonstrate a novel flexible photovoltaic module device on a plastic substrate that shows reliable and stable operation under bending conditions. These electrospun polymer:PCBM blend fibers are promising components for flexible optoelectric devices.
Comparative analyses of influenza virus receptor distribution in the human and mouse brains
Kim, M.,Yu, J.E.,Lee, J.H.,Chang, B.J.,Song, C.S.,Lee, B.,Paik, D.J.,Nahm, S.S. Elsevier Science Publisher 2013 Journal of chemical neuroanatomy Vol.52 No.-
Accumulating evidence suggests a potential link between influenza A virus infection and the occurrence of influenza-associated neurological disorders. As influenza infection is mediated by specific receptors on the host cell surface, it is important to understand the distribution patterns of influenza receptors in target organs. We carried out comprehensive experiments to localize influenza receptors in the brains of two different mouse strains and the human brain for comparison using lectin histochemistry. We further compared the brain regions in which influenza receptors were expressed and the regions in which experimental influenza infection was observed. Our results show that the expression patterns for influenza receptors in mouse and human brains are different. In the mouse brain, human influenza virus receptors (HuIV-R) were expressed in part of brainstem and cerebellar white matter while avian influenza virus receptors (AIV-R) were expressed in the cerebellar Purkinje neurons. In contrast, in the human brain, many neurons and glia in widespread regions, including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, brainstem, and cerebellum, express both AIV-R and HuIV-R. Importantly, vascular endothelial cells, choroid plexus epithelial cells and ependymal cells in both mouse and human brains express high levels of HuIV-R and AIV-R. The regional reciprocity was not observed when comparing regions with influenza receptor expression and the regions of influenza infection within the mouse brain. Our results demonstrate a differential influenza receptor expression pattern in mouse and human brains, and a disparity between influenza receptor distribution and regions with actual influenza infection.
Kim, M.,Kang, B.G.,Kim, M.S.,Kim, M.K.,Lee, M.H.,Kang, S.W.,Lee, S.H. Elsevier 2010 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.10 No.4
Polymer stabilization of a single cholesteric LC mixture with a short pitch has been performed at different temperatures near the transition from nematic to isotropic phases. Depending on the stabilization temperatures, the LC/polymer composites under applied electric field exhibit significantly different electro-optic properties. Although, in all cases, optical birefringence is induced by the Kerr effect from initially optically isotropic LC states, phase structures, morphology of the stabilizing polymer networks, and electro-optic properties such as contrast ratio, hysteresis and threshold voltage of the cells, crucially rely on the stabilization temperatures. Based on the polymer morphology and electro-optic characteristics, we conjecture that the stabilization temperature affects the nanoscopic structure of LC phase prior to and consequently after the polymer stabilization.
High-order perturbation solutions to a LH<sub>2</sub> spreading model with continuous spill
Kim, M.,Do, K.,Choi, B.,Han, Y. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2012 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.37 No.22
High-order perturbation solutions have been obtained for the simple physical model describing the LH<SUB>2</SUB> spreading with a continuous spill, and are shown to improve over the first-order perturbation solutions. The non-dimensional governing equations for the model are derived to obtain more general solutions. Non-dimensional parameters are sought as the governing parameters for the non-dimensional equations, and the non-dimensional evaporation rate is used as the perturbation parameter. The results show that the second-order solutions exhibit an improvement over the first-order solutions with respect to the pool volume; however, there is still a difference between numerical solutions and second-order solutions in the late stage of spread. Finally, it is revealed that the third-order solutions almost agree with numerical solutions.
Kim, M.,Son, D.,Choi, J.W.,Jae, J.,Suh, D.J.,Ha, J.M.,Lee, K.Y. Elsevier 2017 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL -LAUSANNE- Vol.309 No.-
Catalytic depolymerization of empty fruit bunch (EFB)-derived organosolv lignin, which is free of ash and catalyst-poisoning sulfur, is performed using supported metal catalysts. Without the improved reaction activity in the presence of supercritical solvents, water and ethanol in this study, at the subcritical conditions, Hβ-supported Ru catalyst achieved 16.5% yield of small molecule phenolic hydrocarbons, including guaiacol, 4-methylguaiacol, 4-ethylguaiacol, cerulignol, and iso-eugenol, and produced degraded lignin polymer with 63% decreased weight-average molecular weight based on polystyrene-calibrated gel permeation chromatography results. The catalytic depolymerization activity was determined by the quantity of acid sites on the catalysts; however, the presence of metal nanoparticles is required to supply hydrogen atoms to the reaction system, which particles improve the catalytic depolymerization activity. The structure of organosolv lignin prepared by extraction using a mixture of ethanol and water was also studied using GPC and NMR results, which indicated that a possibly linear polymer composed of phenolic monomers with two or fewer linking functionalities.
Partial oxidation of sewage sludge briquettes in a updraft fixed bed
Kim, M.,Lee, Y.,Park, J.,Ryu, C.,Ohm, T.I. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Waste management Vol.49 No.-
The fixed bed reaction of sewage sludge briquettes was investigated to evaluate the potential applications to gasification, combustion, or production of biochar as soil ameliorator. The reaction had two distinctive stages: ignition propagation and char oxidation. The ignition front of the sludge briquettes propagated at a lower speed, which significantly increased the stoichiometric ratio of overall combustion reaction and peak temperatures. The ignition front also had irregular shapes due to the channeling effects. During the char oxidation stage, the sludge ash agglomerated because of the slow reaction rate and increased CO<SUB>2</SUB> formation. Because of low energy content in the product gas, the large briquettes were not favorable for syngas production. In addition, the low burning rates and ash agglomeration could cause problems in the operation of a grate-type furnace for combustion. However, the char accumulated above the ignition front had similar properties with that from pyrolysis under inert atmosphere. Therefore, the fixed bed reaction under partial oxidation conditions can be applied to produce biochar as soil ameliorator from the sludge briquettes without external heat supply.