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Aerodynamics of a golf ball with grooves
Kim, Jooha,Choi, Haecheon SAGE Publications 2014 Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engin Vol.228 No.4
<P>In this study, we investigate the aerodynamics of our newly designed golf ball that does not have dimples but grooves on its surface. The smooth part of its surface is approximately 1.7 times that of a golf ball with dimples. We directly measure the drag and lift forces on two versions of this golf ball in the ranges of real golf-ball velocity and rotational speed, and compare them with those of smooth and dimpled balls. At zero spin, the drag coefficient of our balls shows a rapid fall-off at a Reynolds number similar to that of a dimpled ball and maintains nearly a constant value (lower by 50% than that of smooth ball) at higher Reynolds numbers. At non-zero spin, the lift-to-drag ratio of one version of our ball is higher by 5%–20% in the supercritical Reynolds number regime than that of a dimpled ball, but it is lower otherwise. With the measured drag and lift forces, we predict the trajectories of our balls and compare them to those of smooth and dimpled balls for the same initial conditions. The flight distances of our balls are larger by 148%–202% than that of smooth ball and shorter by 6%–10% than that of a dimpled ball.</P>
Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Gout Impact Scale
Kim Min Jung,Kim Ju Yeon,Lee Jennifer Jooha,Moon Ki Won,Shin Kichul 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.35
Background: The Gout Impact Scale (GIS), part of the Gout Assessment Questionnaire 2.0, measures gout-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This study aimed to translate the GIS into Korean and validate the Korean version (K-GIS) using generic HRQOL measures. Methods: The GIS was translated into Korean and back-translated into English. We asked patients aged 18 years or older who met the 2015 gout classification criteria to fill out the questionnaires (from January 2022 to June 2022); the K-GIS (5 scales [0–100 scores each]), along with the Korean version of Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D). We investigated the internal consistency, construct validity, and discriminative validity for gout characteristics of K-GIS. The K-GIS form was administrated to patients 4 weeks later to assess the test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: One hundred patients completed the questionnaire. The mean ± standard deviation age of the patients was 53.0 ± 15.1 years, and 99.0% of the patients were men. All scales had high degree of internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.59 to 0.96) and test-retest reliability (n = 18, ICC = 0.83 to 0.94, all P < 0.001), except for unmet gout treatment needs. Weak-tomoderate correlations were observed between the K-GIS scales and HAQ or EQ-5D (r = 0.21 to 0.46). The K-GIS scores were significantly higher in the presence of bone erosion, absence of urate-lowering therapy, serum urate levels > 6 mg/dL, frequent gout flares in the past year, and fewer comorbidities. In contrast, neither the HAQ nor the EQ-5D could discern these subsets of patients. Conclusion: The K-GIS is a reliable and valid HRQOL measure for patients with gout. Higher K-GIS scores were associated with clinical characteristics leading to unfavorable outcomes, which were not demonstrated by the HAQ and EQ-5D.
김주혜(Kim, Joohae),김영우(Kim, Youngwoo),배주경(Pae, Jue-Kyoung),이의길(Lee, Euikil) 한국영어어문교육학회 2012 영어어문교육 Vol.18 No.4
This paper analyzes a case study regarding the development of Cyber Home Learning (CHL) content for elementary school students’ English learning, In this study, a research team of three English education experts and one educational technology expert sought to answer the following questions: 1) What developmental strategy is used in newly developed CHL content? 2) What developmental process is evident in CHL content? and 3) What main issues and suggestions arise at each developmental step? To address these questions, three major developmental strategies were selected: (a) general education or e-Learning-related strategies, (b) English subject-specific strategies, and (c) quality control strategies. The findings suggested that the developmental process consists of analysis, planning, prototype development, writing and designing, content development, and content upload. The researchers found major developmental issues and topics at each step in investigating the meeting materials and minutes, developmental resources, and the final products of CHL. Based on these results, several suggestions and recommendations related to the three developmental strategies were made for the revision or subsequent development of future CHL content.