식민지시기 조선의 일본어문학에 나타난 결핵 표상 시노하라 레이요(篠原嶺葉)의 『신 호토토기스(新不如帰)』와 김우진 역 『유화우』를 중심으로

김효순 ( Kim Hyosun ) 고려대학교 글로벌일본연구원 2022 일본연구 Vol.38 No.0

본 논문은 도쿠토미 로카의 『호토토기스』, 시노하라 레이요의 『신 호토토기스』, 김우진의 『유화우』를 중심으로 인물 조형과 갈등 구조, 시대적 배경, 결핵 표상을 비교 검토했으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 『신 호토토기스』와 『유화우』는 인물 설정에 있어 원작과는 큰 차이를 보인다. 『호토토기스』의 나미코가 유교 윤리를 바탕으로 하는 전근대적 가족제도에 부합하는 인물로 그려지고 있는데 반해, 『신 호토토기스』와 『유화우』의 여주인공들은 신식교육을 받고 자신의 의지에 따라 결혼 상대를 선택하고 대등한 부부관계를 지향하는 근대적 인물로 그려지고 있다. 또한 『호토토기스』에서는 여주인공의 친정어머니가 계모로 설정되어 여주인공과 대립하는 관계에 있지만, 『신 호토토기스』나 『유화우』에서는 시어머니가 계모로 설정되어 있다. 둘째로, 『호토토기스』는 청일전쟁을 배경으로 하지만, 『신 호토토기스』와 『유화우』, 『두견성』은 러일전쟁을 시대 배경으로 하고 있다. 특히 『신 호토토기스』의 경우는 전쟁 서사가 주축을 이루며, 청일전쟁의 연속선상에서 러일전쟁의 정당성을 노골적으로 드러내고 있다. 이와 같은 러일전쟁에 대한 인식은 『두견성』과 『유화우』에서도 마찬가지 양상을 보이지만, 두 번역작에서 전쟁 서사는 상당히 약화된다. 이는 강제 병합된지 얼마 지나지 않은 시점에서, 러일전쟁의 정당성을 일본 측 입장에서 적극적으로 주장하기에는 무리가 있었기 때문일 것으로 추측된다. 세 번째는 결핵 표상의 차이이다. 『호토토기스』에서 결핵은 유교적 가치와 질서를 바탕으로 하는 전근대적 가족제도를 위협하는 유전병으로 표상되었다. 그러나 결핵에 대한 지식이 어느 정도 확산된 시기에 발표된 『신 호토토기스』에서 결핵은 전근대적 가족제도를 위협하는 유전병이 되기에는 무리였다. 따라서 『신 호토토기스』의 유리코는 결핵에 걸려서 이혼을 당하는 것이 아니라, 누명을 쓴 결과 이혼을 당하는 서사로 바뀌고 있다. 김우진 역 『유화우』에서는 결핵이라는 용어 대신 해소, 부족증, 폣병 등의 용어가 혼용되고 있으며, 유전이나 감염의 개념도 의학적 지식과 상관없이 남용되고 있다. 아울러 여주인공의 병세는 결핵이라는 용어로 설명되지도 않고, 남편에 대한 근심이 사라지자 완쾌되는 등, 비련의 모티프로 사용되었던 원작의 결핵과는 전혀 다르게 표상되고 있다. 이상과 같이 일본 근대 결핵 인식과 표상의 좌표라고 평가를 받는 원작 『호토토기스』의 결핵 표상 방식은 후속 작품들에서 근대 일본 혹은 식민지 조선에서 이루어진 위생 제도나 결핵 정책, 결핵에 대한 사회적 인식에 따라 변화하고 있고 그에 따라 인물상이나 갈등의 구조도 바뀌고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 즉, 원작이 발표된 1898~99년의 일본, 『신 호토토기스』가 발표된 1906~07년의 재조일본인 사회, 한국어 번역본이 간행된 1910년대 초반 식민지 조선은, 각각 결핵에 대한 의학적 지식이나 사회적 인식이 달랐고, 그와 같은 현실이 작품의 서사에 깊이 관여하고 있음을 알 수 있다. This study is a comparative analysis of Hototogisu by Roka Tokutomi, New Hototogisu by Reiyo Shinohara, and Ryuwhau by Ujin Kim, focusing on the changing representations of central characters, historical backgrounds, and the reality and impact of tuberculosis. First of all, both New Hototogisu and Ryuwhau display major differences with Hototogisu with respect to the representation of certain characters. For instance, Namiko in Hototogisu conforms to the role assigned in the traditional family structure based on Confucian ethics, whereas Yuriko in New Hototogisu and Seoljeong in Ryuwhau are represented as progressive characters who pursue a modern education and gender equality in their marriages, with their partners of choice. In addition, the main female character in Hototogisu has a stepmother who is in conflict with her, while in New Hototogisu and Ryuwhau, the stepmother character is the parent of the husband instead. Secondly, Hototogisu is set in the era of the Sino-Japanese war. New Hototogisu, Ryuwhau, and Dukyonseong, on the other hand, are set during the Russo- Japanese war. New Hototogisu in particular highlights the development of the Russo-Japanese war and explicitly justifies it as being on a continuum with the Sino-Japanese war. Dukyonseong and Ryuwhau are comparable to New Hototogisu in their general attitude towards the Russo-Japanese war. However, the two translated works do not put as much emphasis on the war itself, presumably because of the delicate political situation immediately after Japan’s annexation of Korea, which made the Japanese refrain from voicing their approval of the war. Lastly, tuberculosis plays different roles in these works. In Hototogisu, it is described as a genetic condition that threatens the traditional family structure. However, by the time New Hototogisu was published, the public was better informed about the disease, and its description in the original work did not align with their knowledge. Thus, the cause of Yuriko’s divorce in New Hototogisu is a false allegation against her, not tuberculosis. In Ryuwhau by Ujin Kim, the disease is variously referred to as ‘bronchitis’, ‘phthisis’ and ‘pneumonia’, instead of tuberculosis. The illness of the main female character is not labelled as tuberculosis and is cured as soon as her concerns about her husband are resolved. This is in contrast with the original work, where tuberculosis is tightly intertwined with the tragic circumstances the character finds herself in. The original Hototogisu is a precursor of the modern understanding and representation of tuberculosis in Japanese literature. Its successors offer alternative representations of tuberculosis in order to align with changing public hygiene policies and systemwide tuberculosis-related state support, which affect the narratives and interactions between characters. The level of medical knowledge and the public perception of tuberculosis changed between 1898-99, when the original was published, and 1906-7, when New Hototogisu was published. It further evolved into the early 1910s when the Korean translation was published, which had a profound impact on each of the later versions.

Caspase-8 controls the secretion of inflammatory lysyl-tRNA synthetase in exosomes from cancer cells

Kim, Sang Bum,Kim, Hye Rim,Park, Min Chul,Cho, Seongmin,Goughnour, Peter C.,Han, Daeyoung,Yoon, Ina,Kim, YounHa,Kang, Taehee,Song, Eunjoo,Kim, Pilhan,Choi, Hyosun,Mun, Ji Young,Song, Chihong,Lee, Sang Rockefeller University Press 2017 The Journal of cell biology Vol.216 No.7

<P>Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs), enzymes that normally control protein synthesis, can be secreted and have different activities in the extracellular space, but the mechanism of their secretion is not understood. This study describes the secretion route of the ARS lysyl-tRNA synthetase (KRS) and how this process is regulated by caspase activity, which has been implicated in the unconventional secretion of other proteins. We show that KRS is secreted from colorectal carcinoma cells within the lumen of exosomes that can trigger an inflammatory response. Caspase-8 cleaved the N-terminal of KRS, thus exposing a PDZ-binding motif located in the C terminus of KRS. Syntenin bound to the exposed PDZ-binding motif of KRS and facilitated the exosomic secretion of KRS dissociated from the multi-tRNA synthetase complex. KRS-containing exosomes released by cancer cells induced macrophage migration, and their secretion of TNF-α and cleaved KRS made a significant contribution to these activities, which suggests a novel mechanism by which caspase-8 may promote inflammation.</P>

Foxp3 and PD-1 Except CTLA-4 Are Decreased Significantly during 1 Year Tenofovir Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis B

( Hyosun Cho ),( Chang Wook Kim ),( Ji Young Kim ),( Yun Hui Kim ),( Seok Cheon Yeom ),( Su Gyeong Lee ),( Hee Yeon Kim ),( Si Hyun Bae ),( Jong Young Choi ),( Seung Kew Yoon ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: Immune regulatory molecules such as forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) on CD4+ T cell and programmed death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte- associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) on CD8+ T cell are associated with antiviral effector T cell dysfunction, which influences on T cell exhaustion and persistent viral infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C and chronic hepatitis B, These Foxp3, PD-1 and CTLA-4 are up-regulated in chronic viral infection such as chronic hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus infection but there is few report about the role of Foxp3, PD-1 and CTLA-4 in patients with chronic hepatitis B during antiviral therapy with tenofovir. We investigated the expression of Foxp3, PD-1 and CTLA-4 during 1 year tenofovir treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Methods: Thirty patients with chronic hepatitis B under tenofovir treatment were enrolled for detection of Foxp3, PD-1 and CTLA-4 on T cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from these subjects before tenofovir treatment (T0), 1 month (T1), 3 month T3), 6 month (T6) and 12 month (T12) during tenofovir treatment. The expressions of Foxp3, PD-1 and CTLA-4 on T cells were monitored by flow cytometry. Results: T cells from patients with chronic hepatitis B under tenofovir treatment showed decreased expression of Foxp3 and PD-1 at T12 compared to T0 significantly but, the expression of CTLA-4 were decreased initially then increased at T12 compared to T0. Conclusions: In chronic hepatitis B, PD-1 as inhibitory T cell molecules and FoxP3 as regulatory T cell marker are down-regulated during 1 year tenofovir therapy, which could restore HBV-specific T cell function during tenofovir antiviral therapy. Interestingly, CTLA-4 may be up-regulated during 12 months tenofovir therapy in chronic hepatitis B, may play an important role in failing to eradicate HBV in spite of complete virologic response with tenofovir.

Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of mcr-1-Positive Escherichia coli Isolated from Retail Meats in South Korea

( Seokhwan Kim ),( Hansol Kim ),( Hai-seong Kang ),( Yonghoon Kim ),( Migyeong Kim ),( Hyosun Kwak ),( Sangryeol Ryu ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.12

The spread of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance has posed a serious threat to public health owing to its effects on the emergence of pandrug-resistant bacteria. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli isolated from retail meat samples in Korea. In total, 1,205 E. coli strains were isolated from 3,234 retail meat samples in Korea. All E. coli strains were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and were examined for the presence of mcr-1 gene. All mcr-1-positive E. coli (n = 10, 0.8%) from retail meat were subjected to pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The transferability of mcr-1 gene was determined by conjugation assays. The mcr-1-positive strains exhibited diverse clonal types. Our mcr-1 genes were located in plasmids belonged to the IncI2 (n = 1) and IncX4 (n = 8) types, which were reported to be prevalent in Asia and worldwide, respectively. Most mcr-1 genes from mcr-1-positive strains (9/10) were transferable to the recipient strain and the transfer frequencies ranged from 2.4 × 10^-3 to 9.8 × 10^-6. Our data suggest that the specific types of plasmid may play an important role in spreading plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in Korea. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the retail meat may be an important tool for disseminating plasmid-mediated colistin resistance.

최적의 필기노트 어플리케이션을 구성하는 기능 요소들

김동하(Dongha Kim),김민정(Minjeong Kim),김희수(Heesu Kim),양동준(Dongjoon Yang),임승록(Seungrok Lim),김효선(Hyosun Kim) 한국HCI학회 2013 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.1

태블릿 PC에서 활용되는 "필기노트" 어플리케이션의 사용성을 향상시키고자 인터뷰와 설문을 실시하였다. 인터뷰와 설문을 통해서 필기노트 어플리케이션의 필기모드에서 사람들이 선호하는 기능 제공 방식과 그 이유들을 분석 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 필기노트 어플리케이션 제작 시 고려해야할 사항을 발견할 수 있다는 것에 의의가 있으며, 향후 해당 어플리케이션의 사용성 발전에 도움이 될 것이다. In this paper, the result of survey and interview provides suggestions to improve usability for "Writing application" using tablet PC. Through this interview and survey, we found out the preferable method of providing different functions when using writing application. Through this analysis, what to be considered before designing writing application is presented in details and it can be considered when improving usability.

The Research Papers Published in the Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea: Research Trends on panel study on people with disabilities

Hyun-Jin Kim(김현진),Hyosun Kweon(권효순),Han Hyun Kyung(한현경),Hyunkyung Kim(김현경),Junho Shin(신준호),Yoon Kim(김윤),Jungwon Hwang(황정원),Eunjoo Kim(김은주),Ahran Kim(김아란),Jimin Han(한지민),Jung Inae(정인애) 대한인간공학회 2022 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.10

Phenotypic Characteristics of PD-1, CTLA-4 and FoxP3 Expression during Tenofovir Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis B

Chang Wook Kim,Hyosun Cho,Soyean Kim,Yuseung Kim,Hee Yeon Kim,Jong Young Choi,Seung Kew Yoon,Chang Don Lee 한국간담췌외과학회 2014 한국간담췌외과학회 학술대회지 Vol.2014 No.4

Dynamical Friction of a Circular-Orbit Perturber in a Gaseous Medium

Hyosun Kim,Woong-Tae Kim 한국천문학회 2007 天文學會報 Vol.32 No.1

A near-IR study of the active star-forming region W51B

Hyosun Kim,Yasushi Nakajima,Hwankyung Sung,Dae-Sik Moon,Bon-Chul Koo 한국천문학회 2006 天文學會報 Vol.31 No.1

Control of On–Off or Off–On Fluorescent and Optical [Cu²⁺] and [Hg²⁺] Responses via Formal Me/H Substitution in Fully Characterized Thienyl “Scorpionate”-like BODIPY Systems

Kim, Kibong,Choi, Shin Hei,Jeon, June,Lee, Hyosun,Huh, Jung Oh,Yoo, Jaeduk,Kim, Jong Taek,Lee, Chang-Hee,Lee, Yoon Sup,Churchill, David G. American Chemical Society 2011 Inorganic Chemistry Vol.50 No.12

<P>One 8-phenyl and two 8-mesityl-substituted “scorpionate”-like BODIPY-type species of the formula [3,4,4-tris(5-<I>R</I>-(2-thienyl))-8-(2,4,6-<I>R′</I>-phenyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-<I>s</I>-indacene (R = H, R′ = H, <B>3a</B>; R, = H, R′ = Me, <B>2a</B>; R, = Me, R′ = Me, <B>2b</B>)] have been synthesized and fully characterized. Importantly, differences in their solution (MeCN) optical Cu<SUP>2+</SUP> and Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> probing capacity via <I>SSS</I>-chelation were investigated. Compounds <B>2a</B>–<B>3a</B> were prepared from the requisite 8-substituted BODIPY complexes. They were characterized first by complete <SUP>1</SUP>H, <SUP>11</SUP>B and <SUP>13</SUP>C NMR spectroscopic assignments (CD<SUB>3</SUB>Cl or CD<SUB>3</SUB>C(O)CD<SUB>3</SUB>); the molecular structures of <B>2a</B> and <B>3a</B> were determined by X-ray crystallography. Compounds <B>2a</B>–<B>3a</B> were studied by UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy [Φ<SUB>F</SUB> = 0.27 ± 0.013 (<B>2a</B>); 0.024 ± 0.0016 (<B>2b</B>); 0.0034 ± 0.00047 (<B>3a</B>)]. Importantly, low [Cu<SUP>2+</SUP>] with <B>3a</B> (<3.0 × 10<SUP>–5</SUP> M) gave rise to an increase of fluorescence intensity (off–on; 6.3-fold), whereas with <B>2a</B> it decreased (on–off). When [Hg<SUP>2+</SUP>] (<3.0 × 10<SUP>–5</SUP> M) was added to <B>2b</B>, the λ<SUB>em,max</SUB> value increased (off–on<I>;</I> 3.2-fold), and for <B>2a</B>, it decreased (on–off). The association constant (<I>K</I><SUB>a</SUB>) for Hg<SUP>2+</SUP>·<B>2a</B> was determined to be 3120 ± 307 M<SUP>–1</SUP>. An approximate stoichiometric 1:1 binding determined by Job plot analysis is in line with successful DFT modeling of <I>SSS</I>-Cu<SUP>2+</SUP> binding for this system type. <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR spectroscopy also revealed tentative sets of product complex peaks. These simple differences caused by formal ligand Me-group incorporation are the first for any related fluorophores, to the best of our knowledge.</P><P>Three new “scorpionate”-like BODIPY species have been isolated and characterized. They exposed interesting differences in low [Cu<SUP>2+</SUP>] and [Hg<SUP>2+</SUP>] on−off and off−on fluorescence responses through formal methyl group placement into the fluorophore skeleton.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/inocaj/2010/inocaj.2010.50.issue-12/ic101681h/production/images/medium/ic-2010-01681h_0004.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic101681h'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic101681h'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic101681h'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>