Tobacco Control Policies in Vietnam: Review on MPOWER Implementation Progress and Challenges

Hoang, Van Minh,Tran, Thu Ngan,Vu, Quynh Mai,Nguyen, Thi Tuyet My,Le, Hong Chung,Vu, Duy Kien,Tran, Tuan Anh,Nguyen, Bao Ngoc,Vu, Van Giap,Nguyen, Manh Cuong,Pham, Duc Manh,Kim, Bao Giang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup1

In Vietnam, the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) took effect in March 2005 while MPOWER has been implemented since 2008. This paper describes the progress and challenges of implementation of the MPOWER package in Vietnam. We can report that, in term of monitoring, Vietnam is very active in the Global Tobacco Surveillance System, completing two rounds of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) and three rounds of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). To protect people from tobacco smoke, Vietnam has issued and enforced a law requiring comprehensive smoking bans at workplaces and public places since 2013. Tobacco advertising and promotion are also prohibited with the exception of points of sale displays of tobacco products. Violations come in the form of promotion girls, corporate social responsibility activities from tobacco manufacturers and packages displayed by retail vendors. Vietnam is one of the 77 countries that require pictorial health warnings to be printed on cigarette packages to warn about the danger of tobacco and the warnings have been implemented effectively. Cigarette tax is 70% of factory price which is equal to less than 45% of retail price and much lower than the recommendation of WHO. However, Vietnam is one of the very few countries that require manufacturers and importers to make "compulsory contributions" at 1-2% of the factory price of cigarettes sold in Vietnam for the establishment of a Tobacco Control Fund (TCF). The TCF is being operated well. In 2015, 67 units of 63 provinces/cities, 22 ministries and political-social organizations and 6 hospitals received funding from TCF to implement a wide range of tobacco control activities. Cessation services have been starting with a a toll-free quit-line but need to be further strengthened. In conclusion, Vietnam has constantly put efforts into the tobacco control field with high commitment from the government, scientists and activists. Though several remarkable achievements have been gained, many challenges remain. To overcome those challenges, implementation strategies that take into account the contextual factors and social determinants of tobacco use in Vietnam are needed.

Design for Reprocessable Bismaleimide Thermosetting Resin System

Kien Hoang Van,구교선,여현욱 한국고분자학회 2023 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.48 No.2

Design a Novel Bismaleimide System with a Highly Rigid Structure

Kien Hoang Van,구교선,여현욱 한국고분자학회 2023 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.48 No.1

Evaluation of axial strength in circular STCC columns using UHPC and UHPFRC

Le Hoang, An,Fehling, Ekkehard,Thai, Duc-Kien,Van Nguyen, Chau Elsevier 2019 Journal of constructional steel research Vol.153 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study investigates the axial strength of circular steel tube confined concrete (STCC) columns with the employment of plain ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) and ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) having compressive strengths of cylinders varying from 178.9 MPa and 198 MPa. UHPFRC used in this study had 1% and 2% volume fraction of steel fibers in the mixture. Eighteen specimens including both short and intermediate columns were cast and tested under concentric loading on the concrete core to generate the maximal confinement effect. Experimental results showed that the effect of steel fibers on the axial load versus axial strain responses, and on the enhancement of strength and ductility was insignificant, while the parameters of the steel tube and the concrete core length were found to play a major role. The ultimate loads of the tests presented herein were compared with those obtained from the predictions by seven analytical models and five existing design codes. The design expressions from these analytical models and codes were assessed. For the prediction of the ultimate loads of both short and intermediate column, the model by De Oliveira et al. [] was the most suitable approach among seven selected models, whereas the ACI provision [] was the best among five existing design codes. Furthermore, the experimental ultimate loads obtained from this study were combined with those from previous studies to examine the influence of different concrete strength ranges on the strength enhancement. Finally, unified formulae to predict the ultimate strength with a wide range of concrete strength up to 200 MPa were also proposed for both short and intermediate columns.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Tests on 18 circular STCC columns using UHPC and UHPFRC with compressive strength up to 200 MPa were conducted to evaluate the axial strength. </LI> <LI> The accuracy of seven analytical models and five existing design codes in prediction of the ultimate strength was assessed. </LI> <LI> The effect of concrete strength ranges including NSC, HSC, UHPC and UHPFRC on the strength enhancement of circular STCC columns was identified. </LI> <LI> The unified formulae for predicting the confined peak stress (<I>f</I> <SUB> <I>cc</I> </SUB>) and the ultimate load (<I>N</I> <SUB> <I>u</I> </SUB>) of circular STCC columns were proposed. </LI> </UL> </P>

An Advanced Closed-Loop Control to Improve the Performance of Hybrid Stepper Motors

Le, Kien Minh,Van Hoang, Hung,Jeon, Jae Wook Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2017 IEEE transactions on power electronics Vol. No.

<P>This paper presents an effective closed-loop control approach for a stepper motor. The proposed approach consists of motor parameter identification, closed-loop current control, closed-loop position control, and damping control. The presented implementation achieves accurate position, high torque, and smooth speed. By using an improved proportional-integral current control algorithm, this approach not only guarantees the current tracking performance but also increases the bandwidth during the speed response. The advanced position controller achieves both high torque and the synchronous condition of the motor after a loss of synchronism occurs. In addition, this method applies an effective speed damping method to remove resonance at low speed and reduce vibration at high speed. All the proposed algorithms were implemented on an industrial test-bench. The experimental results demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach for practical applications.</P>

Micropropagation from root segments to improve seedling quality in Chinese foxglove crops

Thanh Loan Pham,Van Huy Nguyen,Thi Le Thu Hoang,Thi Tam Tien Ha,Trung Kien Tran,Xuan Duong Vu,Phi Bang Cao,Quang Trung Nguyen 한국식물생명공학회 2020 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.47 No.3

This is the first study to establish a complete protocol for micropropagation of Rehmannia glutinosa from root segments. The study involved investigating the effect of plant growth regulators on in vitro shoot regeneration and rooting and identifying substrates supporting survival and growth performance of ex vitro seedlings. A Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 30 g/L sucrose for shoot induction and 0.2 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 1 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and 1 g/L polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) for shoot multiplication resulted in the highest number of shoots per explant and shoot height. Applying a medium containing 0.5 mg/L IAA and 1 g/L PVP yielded optimal rooting of the shoots grown in vitro. Compost enriched with microbial inoculants and perlite enhanced seedling growth better than that with organic biofertilizer-free substrates (soil and sand). We recommend the continuous production of micropropagated R. glutinosa seedlings from root segments under the aforementioned conditions as a possible propagation technique for crops of this species.

Relative Importance of Different Attributes of Graphic Health Warnings on Tobacco Packages in Viet Nam

Kim, Bao Giang,Le, Hong Chung,Hoang, Van Minh,Vu, Duy Kien,Vu, Van Giap,Nguyen, Duc Hinh,Nguyen, Manh Cuong,Pham, Duc Manh,Ha, Anh Duc,Yang, Jui-Chen Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup1

Graphic health warnings (GHW) on tobacco packages have proven to be effective in increasing quit attempts among smokers and reducing initial smoking among adolescents. This research aimed to examine the relative importance of different attributes of graphic health warnings on tobacco packages in Viet Nam. A discrete choice experimental (DCE) design was applied with a conditional logit model. In addition, a ranking method was used to list from the least to the most dreadful GHW labels. With the results from DCE model, graphic type was shown to be the most important attribute, followed by cost and coverage area of GHW. The least important attribute was position of the GHW. Among 5 graphic types (internal lung cancer image, external damaged teeth, abstract image, human suffering image and text), the image of lung cancer was found to have the strongest influence on both smokers and non-smokers. With ranking method, the image of throat cancer and heart diseases were considered the most dreadful images. GHWs should be designed with these attributes in mind, to maximise influence on purchase among both smokers and non-smokers.

Knowledge and Attitude Towards Tobacco Smoking among 13-15 Year-Old School Children in Viet Nam - Findings from GYTS 2014

Nguyen, Thanh Huong,Nguyen, Trung Kien,Kim, Bao Giang,Hoang, Van Minh,Phan, Thi Hai,Doan, Thu Huyen,Luong, Ngoc Khue,Nguyen, Thuy Linh,Nguyen, Tuan Lam,Pham, Thi Quynh Nga Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup1

Studies have shown that smoking is a learnt behavior, often initiated during adolescence. This paper aims to describe tobacco-related knowledge, attitude and associations among school adolescents aged 13-15 with exposure to anti-smoking information. Using data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in Viet Nam, 2014, knowledge was measured through 4 questions about tobacco use, and attitude was assessed through 3 questions on personal, social and environmental aspects. Students giving most anti-tobacco responses to all questions were considered as having correct knowledge or appropriate attitude or both. Access to anti-smoking information was determined by exposure to any media messages on tobacco control during the past 30 days and teaching in school about the danger of tobacco use during the past 12 months. A substantial percentage of students thought that being near others who smoke might be harmful to them and smoking is harmful to health (89.4% and 89.6% respectively). However, only 46.4% reported that it is definitely difficult to quit smoking and 66.9% thought that smoking for only 1 or 2 years, once stopped, is harmful to health. Slightly more than half of the respondents reported appropriate attitude that young smokers have fewer friends than others and smoking makes them less attractive and less comfortable at social events. Noticing anti-smoking messages in the media together with having lessons in school about the dangers of tobacco substantially increased the likelihood of having correct knowledge, appropriate attitude and both. Despite relatively high awareness about smoking harms, effective educational communication is still highly needed to improve the level of comprehensive knowledge and an appropriate attitude regarding tobacco use.

Impact of Community Attachment and Resident's Support on Destination Sustainability: Evidence from Spiritual and Community Destination in Vietnam

THAN, Trong Thuy,KIEU, Thi Phuong Hoa,PHAM, Thi Anh Duong,HOANG, Thi Cam Van,TRAN, Thi Hau,NGUYEN, Huu Doan,DAO, Trung Kien Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.8

This study investigates the influence of community involvement on the destination sustainability for community destinations and spiritual destinations in Vietnam. Community involvement is measured by two constructs, which are community attachment and residents' support. A structural questionnaire consisting of 41 observation variables measured on a 5-point Likert scale was used to survey households who live in a spiritual destination in An Giang province and three community destinations in Lang Son province with the help of local tour guides and Youth Union. 168 out of 200 responses collected were valid for multivariate data analysis. The results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) reveal three main findings. Firstly, community attachment has a direct effect on both perceived benefits and destination sustainability. Secondly, while residents' support has a direct effect on perceived benefits, it indirectly affects destination sustainability. Finally, community destinations have a higher level of sustainability than the spiritual destination. Based on those findings, this study proposed three suggestions for local authorities, policymakers, and residents to improve the sustainable development of their local tourism destinations, including (1) diversifying local tourism products, (2) encouraging the community participation in tourism development programs, and (3) increasing in the expected benefits in local tourism development policies.