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- 저자 : Kerber, Nico (검색결과 5 건)
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Aspects of German Re-unification with Regard to Early Childhood Education
Waltraut Kerber-Ganse 한국유아교육학회 2004 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION Vol.10 No.2
This paper analyzes aspects of German re-unification with regards to early childhood education. This paper will first take a historical look at the former separated parts of Germany during the times of the cold war. It is important to reflect on the situation in both German states at the historical moment in 1989, when the Berlin Wall came down before talking about the challenges to early childhood education. This essay then goes on to discuss three main ideas: challenges of re-unification, later occurring problems and new challenges faced in Germany in regards to early childhood education, and implicit influences of re-unification on education concepts.
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윤선영,Kerber-Ganse, Waltraut 한국유아교육학회 2006 유아교육연구 Vol.26 No.4
This article deals with discussions in the process to reform preschool education in Germany. A discussion in the 1970s prevented the program and the form of preschool education from being like those at school and another discussion after the German reunification reflected the preschool system of the old West Germany by comparing with that of the old East Germany. The reflection led Germany to enact a law on children’s rights for kindergarten. Current reforms are pushed forward by the bad results from the OECD programme for international student assessment(PISA), although in the German pedagogical scientific discourses innovative ideas existed for a long time. In order finally to implement new education policies every state of the Federal Republic of Germany recently instituted its own preschool program. They were all drafted by cooperation with scientific institutes and broadly discussed with welfare organizations, labour unions, parents and other social associations. They are intended to promote basic competencies and comprehensive personality development. They do not refer to the curriculum of primary school. Discussions on the reform of preschool has been about the form of preschool, the program of preschool, efficiency of education, meaning of education, and adjustment for the tide of globalization. What we can learn from above is, although the purpose of the beginning of reform is related to political and economical reason, that we should find the answer from the children to guard the rights of children, who are the subjects of the education. 본 연구는 독일의 유아교육개혁 과정에서 제기되었던 논쟁들을 고찰함으로써, 향후 한국의 유아교육제도 개혁을 위한 기초 연구가 됨을 목적으로 한다. 70년대 개혁시기의 논쟁은 유아교육기관의 형태와 교육프로그램이 학교화 되는 위기를 극복하게 하였으며, 통일 이후의 논쟁은 구동독의 유아교육제도로부터 반성의 기회를 가지고 교육기관에 대한 유아의 권리를 법제화하는 데 기여했다. 최근 다시 일어나고 있는 개혁에서의 논쟁은 PISA연구 결과의 충격으로 인한 정치적 관심으로 인해 추진되었다. 각 주에서는 새로운 교육개념을 도입하여 유아교육계획을 개발했다. 이들은 유아를 교육의 주체로 여기고 존중하며 사회교육학적 전통 안에서 기초적 역량과 전인적인 인성발달을 추구한다는 점에서 이론적인 공통점을 지니고 있다. 독일의 유아교육개혁 논쟁은 종합적으로 교육기관의 형태, 교육프로그램, 교육의 효율성, 교육개념, 세계화의 추세에 적응하는 교육에 대한 것으로 정리될 수 있다.
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Asymmetric skyrmion Hall effect in systems with a hybrid Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
Kim, Kyoung-Whan,Moon, Kyoung-Woong,Kerber, Nico,Nothhelfer, Jonas,Everschor-Sitte, Karin American Physical Society 2018 Physical Review B Vol.97 No.22
<P>We examine the current-induced dynamics of a skyrmion that is subject to both structural and bulk inversion asymmetry. There arises a hybrid type of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) which is in the form of a mixture of interfacial and bulk DMIs. Examples include crystals with symmetry classes C-n as well as magnetic multilayers composed of a ferromagnet with a noncentrosymmetric crystal and a nonmagnet with strong spin-orbit coupling. As a striking result, we find that, in systems with a hybrid DMI, the spin-orbit-torque-induced skyrmion Hall angle is asymmetric for the two different skyrmion polarities (+/- 1 given by out-of-plane core magnetization), even allowing one of them to be tuned to zero. We propose several experimental ways to achieve the necessary straight skyrmion motion (with zero Hall angle) for racetrack memories, even without antiferromagnetic interactions or any interaction with another magnet. Our results can be understood within a simple picture by using a global spin rotation which maps the hybrid DMI model to an effective model containing purely interfacial DMI. The formalism directly reveals the effective spin torque and effective current that result in qualitatively different dynamics. Our work provides a way to utilize symmetry breaking to eliminate detrimental phenomena as hybrid DMI eliminates the skyrmion Hall angle.</P>
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