Discussion of “Physio-Chemical Properties, Consolidation, and Stabilization of Tropical Peat Soil Using Traditional Soil Additives – A State of the Art Literature Review” by Afnan Ahmada, Muslich Hartadi Sutantoa, Mohammed Ali Mohammed Al-Bareda, Indr

Brendan C. O’Kelly 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.26 No.8

This discussion article provides commenting on the sections of the review paper by Ahmad et al. (the authors) concerning consistency limits determinations for peats and peaty soils, drawing on the writer’s experiences regarding the usefulness of liquid limit (LL) and plastic limit (PL) testing/results for these soils in explaining their geotechnical behaviors/properties. From the writer’s experience, despite being regularly specified in geotechnical engineering practice and used in research work, the conventional consistency limits tests generally do not produce physically meaningful results when testing peat soils, especially for more fibrous peats. Hence, the writer does not agree with the authors’ recommendations on consistency limits testing of peats; namely, they recommended that an utmost effort is needed to improve the quality and standard of the thread rolling test and the fall-cone test for consistency limits determinations of highly organic soils such as peat. Rather than grappling with various known inherent shortcomings of consistency limits testing for peats and other highly organic soils, a suggested way forward for assessing the likely geoengineering behavior/properties of these materials points to the routine measurement of a more useful suite of index tests; namely, their natural water content, organic content, fiber content, and humification (decomposition) level. In this discussion, the above aspects are explored in detail, including greater elaboration of the writer’s earlier research work in this area, which was touched on in the authors’ paper.

Anti-Systematic Precision, Possibility, and Soul

Kelly S. Walsh 한국외국어대학교 외국문학연구소 2016 외국문학연구 Vol.- No.62

로베르트 무질은 유럽 모더니즘의 주요 인물이지만, 그의 대표작인『특성 없는 남자』는 그 방대한 길이로 인해 작가의 명성에 비해 그리 널리 읽히지 않는다. 무질은 이 작품 속에서“에세이즘”이라는 문학 기법을 탐구하는데, 이 기법은 예술적 사고와 과학적 사고가 서로 만나는 접점을 제공한다. 무질에게 있어서 에세이즘은 사고의 방식이자 삶의 태도가 되는 동시에, 그가 “질서 정연한 개념이 부재한다”라고 정의하는 근대성의 개념을 비판하고 재고하게 하는 효과적인 수단이 된다. 무질의 에세이적 글쓰기는 사고와 감정, 실제와 상상, 이성과 비이성 사이의 실체를 규정하기 힘든“중간 지대”에서 작동하며, 과학적 사고의 엄격함에 “영혼”을 불어넣는 역할을 한다. 다시 말해, 에세이즘의 본질은“가능성”에 있다. 에세이스트에게 실제와 가능성은 동등한 가치를 지니며, 실재하는 것과 아직 실재하지 않는 것은 서로 공존하면서 상상적이고 구성적인 가상의 무한한 가능성들을 만들어낸다. 이와 같이, 무질은 삶의 내부에 존재하는 반복이나 확정이 불가능한 현상들을 통해, 정확하고 귀납적인 사고하는 것이 얼마나 중요한가를 확인 하고 있는 것이다. 이와 같은 과정을 통해 무질의 에세이즘은 현실에 관해 무비판적으로 접근하는 태도에 의문을 제기하고, “내가 어떻게 살아야 하는가?”라는 질문에 비록 불완전할지언정 보다 만족스러운 답변들을 제시한다. 무질의 에세이스트적 사고방식은 그 본질 자체가 비결정적이고 열려있다. 에세이스트적 사고를 통해 우리는 실제 또는 가상의 개별적인 감정의 복합체 각각에 정밀한 주의를 기울이며, 인간 개념을 재구성할 수 있고, 보다 훌륭하고 덜 파괴적인 삶의 방식을 만들어 낼 수 있는 무한한 가능성을 얻을 수 있는 것이다. Robert Musil (1880-1942) is widely recognized as a major figure of European modernism, though his most famous work, The Man Without Qualities (1930-1942), continues to be better known than read. In this novel, Musil elaborates his investigative literary method of “essayism,” which strives to bring artistic and scientific thinking into contact with each other. For him, essayism—simultaneously a mode of thinking and a manner of living—provides the most effective means for critiquing and reshaping a modernity he believes to be "devoid of ordering concepts." Operating in the elusive “middle zone” between thought and feeling, reality and imagination, rationality and irrationality, Musil’s essayistic writing brings the rigor of scientific thinking to bear on matters of the “soul,” particularly the ecstatic experiences of the so-called "Other Condition." Constitutive of this essayism, then, is “the sense of possibility”; for the essayist, the actual and the potential are imbued with the same value, the coexistence of what is and what is not (yet) engenders a virtual infinitude of imaginative and constructive possibilities. Ultimately, Musil affirms the importance of thinking precisely and inductively through the unrepeatable and indeterminate phenomena of the inner life. By doing so, his essaysim destabilizes an uncritical sense of reality, while suggesting more satisfying, if provisional, ways of responding to the question: “How should I live?” By its very nature, essayistic thought is inconclusive and open-ended, but in the precise attention to singular affective complexes, both actual and virtual, it opens myriad possibilities for reshaping the human and inventing finer, less-destructive manners of living. 로베르트 무질은 유럽 모더니즘의 주요 인물이지만, 그의 대표작인『특성 없는 남자』는 그 방대한 길이로 인해 작가의 명성에 비해 그리 널리 읽히지 않는다. 무질은 이 작품 속에서“에세이즘”이라는 문학 기법을 탐구하는데, 이 기법은 예술적 사고와 과학적 사고가 서로 만나는 접점을 제공한다. 무질에게 있어서 에세이즘은 사고의 방식이자 삶의 태도가 되는 동시에, 그가 “질서 정연한 개념이 부재한다”라고 정의하는 근대성의 개념을 비판하고 재고하게 하는 효과적인 수단이 된다. 무질의 에세이적 글쓰기는 사고와 감정, 실제와 상상, 이성과 비이성 사이의 실체를 규정하기 힘든“중간 지대”에서 작동하며, 과학적 사고의 엄격함에 “영혼”을 불어넣는 역할을 한다. 다시 말해, 에세이즘의 본질은“가능성”에 있다. 에세이스트에게 실제와 가능성은 동등한 가치를 지니며, 실재하는 것과 아직 실재하지 않는 것은 서로 공존하면서 상상적이고 구성적인 가상의 무한한 가능성들을 만들어낸다. 이와 같이, 무질은 삶의 내부에 존재하는 반복이나 확정이 불가능한 현상들을 통해, 정확하고 귀납적인 사고하는 것이 얼마나 중요한가를 확인 하고 있는 것이다. 이와 같은 과정을 통해 무질의 에세이즘은 현실에 관해 무비판적으로 접근하는 태도에 의문을 제기하고, “내가 어떻게 살아야 하는가?”라는 질문에 비록 불완전할지언정 보다 만족스러운 답변들을 제시한다. 무질의 에세이스트적 사고방식은 그 본질 자체가 비결정적이고 열려있다. 에세이스트적 사고를 통해 우리는 실제 또는 가상의 개별적인 감정의 복합체 각각에 정밀한 주의를 기울이며, 인간 개념을 재구성할 수 있고, 보다 훌륭하고 덜 파괴적인 삶의 방식을 만들어 낼 수 있는 무한한 가능성을 얻을 수 있는 것이다. Robert Musil (1880-1942) is widely recognized as a major figure of European modernism, though his most famous work, The Man Without Qualities (1930-1942), continues to be better known than read. In this novel, Musil elaborates his investigative literary method of “essayism,” which strives to bring artistic and scientific thinking into contact with each other. For him, essayism—simultaneously a mode of thinking and a manner of living—provides the most effective means for critiquing and reshaping a modernity he believes to be "devoid of ordering concepts." Operating in the elusive “middle zone” between thought and feeling, reality and imagination, rationality and irrationality, Musil’s essayistic writing brings the rigor of scientific thinking to bear on matters of the “soul,” particularly the ecstatic experiences of the so-called "Other Condition." Constitutive of this essayism, then, is “the sense of possibility”; for the essayist, the actual and the potential are imbued with the same value, the coexistence of what is and what is not (yet) engenders a virtual infinitude of imaginative and constructive possibilities. Ultimately, Musil affirms the importance of thinking precisely and inductively through the unrepeatable and indeterminate phenomena of the inner life. By doing so, his essaysim destabilizes an uncritical sense of reality, while suggesting more satisfying, if provisional, ways of responding to the question: “How should I live?” By its very nature, essayistic thought is inconclusive and open-ended, but in the precise attention to singular affective complexes, both actual and virtual, it opens myriad possibilities for reshaping the human and inventing finer, less-destructive manners of living.

The Sunbelt Melanoma Trial

Kelly McMasters 대한종양외과학회 2017 대한임상종양학회 학술대회지 Vol.2017 No.2

Genome-Wide Association Study Meta-Analysis Reveals Transethnic Replication of Mean Arterial and Pulse Pressure Loci

Kelly, Tanika N.,Takeuchi, Fumihiko,Tabara, Yasuharu,Edwards, Todd L.,Kim, Young Jin,Chen, Peng,Li, Huaixing,Wu, Ying,Yang, Chi-Fan,Zhang, Yonghong,Gu, Dongfeng,Katsuya, Tomohiro,Ohkubo, Takayoshi,Gao American Heart Association, Inc. 2013 Hypertension Vol.62 No.5

<P>We conducted a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure among 26 600 East Asian participants (stage 1) followed by replication study of up to 28 783 participants (stage 2). For novel loci, statistical significance was determined by a <I>P</I><5.0×10<SUP>–8</SUP> in joint analysis of stage 1 and stage 2 data. For loci reported by the previous mean arterial and pulse pressure genome-wide association study meta-analysis in Europeans, evidence of transethnic replication was determined by consistency in effect direction and a Bonferroni-corrected <I>P</I><1.4×10<SUP>–3</SUP>. No novel loci were identified by the current study. Five independent mean arterial pressure variants demonstrated robust evidence for transethnic replication including rs17249754 at <I>ATP2B1</I> (<I>P</I>=7.5×10<SUP>–15</SUP>), rs2681492 at <I>ATP2B1</I> (<I>P</I>=3.4×10<SUP>–7</SUP>), rs11191593 at <I>NT5C2</I> (1.1×10<SUP>–6</SUP>), rs3824755 at <I>CYP17A1</I> (<I>P</I>=1.2×10<SUP>–6</SUP>), and rs13149993 at <I>FGF5</I> (<I>P</I>=2.4×10<SUP>–4</SUP>). Two additional variants showed suggestive evidence of transethnic replication (consistency in effect direction and <I>P</I><0.05), including rs319690 at <I>MAP4</I> (<I>P</I>=0.014) and rs1173771 at <I>NPR3</I> (<I>P</I>=0.018). For pulse pressure, robust evidence of replication was identified for 2 independent variants, including rs17249754 at <I>ATP2B1</I> (<I>P</I>=1.2×10<SUP>–5</SUP>) and rs11191593 at <I>NT5C2</I> (<I>P</I>=1.1×10<SUP>–3</SUP>), with suggestive evidence of replication among an additional 2 variants including rs3824755 at <I>CYP17A1</I> (<I>P</I>=6.1×10<SUP>–3</SUP>) and rs2681492 at <I>ATP2B1</I> (<I>P</I>=9.0×10<SUP>–3</SUP>). Replicated variants demonstrated consistency in effect sizes between East Asian and European samples, with effect size differences ranging from 0.03 to 0.24 mm Hg for mean arterial pressure and from 0.03 to 0.21 mm Hg for pulse pressure. In conclusion, we present the first evidence of transethnic replication of several mean arterial and pulse pressure loci in an East Asian population.</P>

Trespass to Airspace: How to Deter North Korea from Its Space Ambitions?

Kelly Kuan Shang (사) 이준국제법연구원 2013 Journal of East Asia and International Law Vol.6 No.1

In deterring North Korea from pursuing its space ambitions, the neighboring States may consider to advance a sovereignty argument that North Korea's overflying rockets have trespassed to their territorial airspace. The current UNSC Resolution-based arguments may not provide adequate deterrence because they are built upon a unilateral interpretation of the UNSC Resolutions and therefore lack legal persuasiveness. Currently, there is seemingly a strong international consensus favoring the demarcation line between airspace and outer space at approximately 100-120 kilometers above the sea level. As the North Korean rockets will likely overflow foreign territories when reaching to this altitude, a trespass claim should therefore have strong legal merits. Moreover, North Korea cannot raise a defense by claiming a right of innocent passage over foreign airspace, because such right does not exist as a customary international law. Even if such right exists, North Korea will be hard to rely on it because its overflying rockets are hardly 'innocent.'

The Effects of Pilates Exercise on Cardiometabolic Health, Low Back Pain and Disease

( Kelly Michiya ),( Myung Dong Choi ) 한국체육학회 2018 International journal of human movement science Vol.12 No.1

Pilates is a form of exercise that challenges core strength and seeks to improve both muscular endurance and postural alignment and it may prove to be helpful for those with medical issues in improving general fitness through building strength and flexibility. This paper reviews the studies that investigated the efficacy of Pilates exercises on medical conditions including cardiometabolic parameters, low back pain, multiple sclerosis, fibromyalgia, ankylosing spondylitis, and breast cancer. Due to the limited number of studies investigating cardiometabolic parameters, it is difficult to draw a conclusion despite some favorable findings. While more studies exist on the effect of Pilates on low back pain than studies on other conditions, they are still limited and lack generalizability due to the heterogeneity of participants as well as the variability of exercises prescribed. Even then, it appears that Pilates is feasible and effective in alleviating symptoms associated with low back pain and other medical conditions. Overall, the studies reviewed here have shown high adherences rates in Pilates training with no adverse effects.

Eating on the Insane Root

Kelly S. Walsh 한국셰익스피어학회 2011 셰익스피어 비평 Vol.47 No.2

At the conclusion of Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the entrance of Macduff, bearing Macbeth’s severed head on a pike, sets off mirthful celebration. Evil, it seems, has been mercilessly punished and all that had been foul in Scotland is now fair. There is, however, something excessive and incongruous about this gruesome thing, the sightless head that was Macbeth’s, juxtaposed against the optimism of the victors. For us, who have watched Macbeth’s precipitous rise and decline, we find scant comfort in the synecdotal assassination of a man who saw so deeply and intensely into an abyss of horrors. The profound ambivalence-a complex affect mingling revulsion, desire, terror, and regret-we experience in witnessing Macbeth’s precipitous rise and fall, I believe, can be accounted for by synthesizing Sigmund Freud’s notion of the uncanny and theories of the sublime put forth by such figures as Immanuel Kant, and Edmund Burke. Macbeth’s persistent and strange power, then, emerges from its awareness of a compulsion to unearth the “old and long familiar” (what Freud would later deem “the uncanny”), as well as its poetic power to intimate the infinite, the unknowable, the unthinkable-that is, the sublime. In the end, we are left to ponder the greatness of Macbeth’s visionary capacity, the uncanniness that transforms “horrible imaginings” into all-too-real deeds, and the utterly compelling staging of evil that, through a man who dared to eat “on the insane root,” signals towards an infinite, untotalizable whole that overflows the mind’s capacity to grasp it.

Nursing in the United States

Kelly Lucie Young Korean Nurses Association 1984 대한간호 Vol.23 No.3

The retroclavicular approach to the PECS II (RAP) block: a novel regional technique for breast surgery

Kelly M. Martin,Bill Johnson,Rob R. Taylor 대한마취통증의학회 2019 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.72 No.5

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Advances in the Treatment of Melanoma

Kelly McMasters 대한종양외과학회 2017 대한임상종양학회 학술대회지 Vol.2017 No.2