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Akihide Itoh,Yoshito Oshiro,Sotaro Azechi,Yuka Somada,Daishi Handa,Yoichi Miyagi,Kazuhiko Nakano,Akira Tanahara,Takemitsu Arakaki 한국대기환경학회 2018 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.12 No.4
In the present study, total suspended particle (TSP) aerosols were simultaneously collected using identical high-volume air samplers at three islands in Okinawa; Cape Hedo Atmosphere and Aerosol Monitoring Station (CHAAMS, Okinawa Island), from 2008 to 2012 Kume Island (KM, ca. 160 km south-west of CHAAMS), and Minami-Daitou Island (MD, ca. 320 km south-east of CHAAMS) from 2008 to 2010. The sample collected were analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ED-XRF) and synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (SR-XRF) to investigation longrange transport of metal elements to Okinawa from the Asian continent. From analytical data on samples collected at CHAAMS for five years, it was found that most elements (Ca, Fe, Ti, Mn, V, Cu, Ni, Pb, As, and Zn) in TSP aerosols showed higher concentrations in the period from October to May, when the continental air mass passed over Okinawa, regardless of Asian dust events. The annual average concentrations of Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, and Pb in TSP aerosol samples collected at three islands gradually decreased as the TSP aerosols traveled from west to east in any year. Based on the enrichment factors (EFs) and concentration ratios, it is considered that most of anthropogenic elements such as As, Pb, and Zn in TSP aerosols are derived from coal combustion in the Asian continent. Moreover, it is confirmed from the direction of the air mass reaching the sampling sites that Cu, Zn, As, and Pb in TSP aerosols were transported to the three islands in Okinawa by air mass not only from northwest and north, but also from the west. These TSP aerosols transported from the Asian continent may influences not only the atmospheric environment but also the concentrations of trace metals in coastal seawater in Okinawa, which have to be kept extremely low to preserve the diverse and unique ecosystem in coral reefs.
Miyamoto, Yoichi,Umeki, Hiroyuki,Ohsawa, Hideaki,Naito, Morimasa,Nakano, Katsushi,Makino, Hitoshi,Shimizu, Kazuhiko,Seo, Toshihiro Korean Nuclear Society 2006 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.38 No.6
Ensuring sufficient supplies of clean, economic and acceptable energy is a critical global challenge for the 21st century. There seems little alternative to a greatly expanded role for nuclear power, but implementation of this option will depend on ensuring that all resulting wastes can be disposed of safely. Although there is a consensus on the fundamental feasibility of such disposal by experts in the field, concepts have to be developed to make them more practical to implement and, in particular, more acceptable to key stakeholders. By considering global trends and using illustrative examples from Japan, key areas for future R&D are identified and potential areas where the synergies of international collaboration would be beneficial are highlighted.
Effect of Cryotherapy after Spine Surgery
Kenji Murata,Mitsunori Yoshimoto,Tsuneo Takebayashi,Kazunori Ida,Kazuhiko Nakano,Toshihiko Yamashita 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.6
Study Design: Historical controlled trial. Purpose: To clarify the usefulness of cryotherapy after spine surgery. Overview of Literature: Cryotherapy has generally been performed subsequent to surgery on joints and in this application its clinical effects are well understood. However, cryotherapy has yet to be used following spine surgery. Its clinical efficacy in this context is unknown. Methods: Thirty six patients had undergone one level microendoscopic surgery. Sixteen were enrolled into the cooling group, with the remaining 20 making up the no postoperative cryotherapy control group. Cryotherapy was performed at 5℃ using an icing system. A silicone balloon catheter with a thermo sensor on the tip was placed in the surgical wound. The temperature in the wound was recorded every 30 minutes until the next morning. The relationship between the depth of the sensor and the temperature in the wound were investigated using simple linear regression analysis. Laboratory data, visual analogue scale (VAS) for wound pain and postoperative bleeding were investigated. Results: The mean temperature in the surgical wound was 37.0 in the control group and 35.0℃ in the cooling group (p <0.001). There was a positive correlation between the depth of the thermo sensor and the temperature in the wound in the cooling group (y=0.91x+30.2, r =0.67, p =0.004). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of laboratory data, VAS or postoperative bleeding. Conclusions: The temperature in the wound was decreased significantly by spinal surgery cryotherapy.