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Kaviani, Ahmad,Neishaboury, MohamadReza,Mohammadzadeh, Narjes,Ansari-Damavandi, Maryam,Jamei, Khatereh Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.4
Background: As data on the relation between obesity and lymph node ratio are missing in the literature, we here aimed to assess the impact of obesity on this parameter and other clinicopathological features of breast cancer cases and patient survival. Materials and Methods: Medical data of 646 patients, all referred to two centers in Tehran, Iran, were reviewed. Factors that showed significant association on univariate analysis were entered in a regression model. Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression were employed for survival analysis. Results: Obesity was correlated with the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptor (p=0.004 and p=0.039, respectively), metastasis to axillary lymph nodes (p=0.017), higher lymph node rate (p<0.001) and larger tumor size (p<0.001). The effect of obesity was stronger in premenopausal women. There was no association between obesity and expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor. Three factors showed independent association with BMI on multivariate analysis; tumor size, estrogen receptor and lymph node ratio. Obesity was predictive of shorter disease-free survival with a hazard ratio of 3.324 (95%CI: 1.225-9.017) after controlling for the above-mentioned variables. Conclusions: The findings of this study support the idea that obese women experience more advanced disease with higher axillary lymph node ratio, and therefore higher stage at the time of diagnosis. Furthermore, obesity was associated with poorer survival independent of lymph node rate.
Maryam Kaviani,Negar Azarpira 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2016 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.13 No.5
The treatment of diabetes mellitus, as a chronic and complicated disease, is a valuable purpose. Islet transplantation can provide metabolic stability and insulin independence in type 1 diabetes patients. Diet and insulin therapy are only diabetes controllers and cannot remove all of the diabetes complications. Moreover, islet transplantation is more promising treatment than whole pancreas transplantation because of lesser invasive surgical procedure and morbidity and mortality. According to the importance of extracellular matrix for islet viability and function, microenvironment remodeling of pancreatic endocrine tissue can lead to more success in diabetes treatment by pancreatic islets. Production of bioengineered pancreas and remodeling of pancreas extracellular matrix provide essential microenvironment for re-vascularization, re-innervation and signaling cascades triggering. Therefore, islets show better viability and function in these conditions. Researchers conduct various scaffolds with different biomaterials for the improvement of islet viability, function and transplantation outcome. The attention to normal pancreas anatomy, embryology and histology is critical to understand the pancreatic Langerhans islets niche and finally to achieve efficient engineered structure. Therefore, in the present study, the status and components of the islets niche is mentioned and fundamental issues related to the tissue engineering of this structure is considered. The purpose of this review article is summarization of recent progress in the endocrine pancreas tissue engineering and biomaterials and biological aspects of it.
Study of scale-free structures in feed-forward neural networks against backdoor attacks
Sara Kaviani,Insoo Sohn 한국통신학회 2021 ICT Express Vol.7 No.2
Due to the computational complexities of artificial neural networks, MLaaS (machine learning as a service), which is one of the main cloud computing services, is taking the responsibility of the neural network training. With the increase in demand for third-party neural network training, there is a high possibility of adversarial attacks through malicious training. Backdoor attacks are among the most efficient attacks which cause targeted misclassification while the accuracy on clean data is not affected. In this paper, we provide the first investigation about the influence of applying scale-free networks to feed-forward neural networks (FFNNs) against backdoor attacks inserted via the MNIST dataset. It is the first time that the feed-forward neural network structure is changed to improve the network robustness against backdoor attacks using scale-free structure before the network is getting attacked. It has been achieved that scale-free neural networks with long range connections not only keep the accuracy high with strong stability but also make it independent of the number of hidden layers and prevent overfitting.
Thermophotovoltaic power conversion using a superadiabatic radiant burner
Wu, H.,Kaviany, M.,Kwon, O.C. Elsevier 2018 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.209 No.-
<P>A new configuration of a 5-10 W thermophotovoltaic (TPV) device integrated with a porous superadiabatic radiant burner (SRB) is suggested and experimentally studied. The silicon carbide (SiC) SRB (emitter) consists of a small-pored upstream section (PM1) and a large-pored downstream section (PM2). PM1 is the section where the incoming fuel-air mixture is preheated internally and PM2 is the section where flame is established. Also, a separate preheater is attached on the SRB to externally recover heat from the exiting flue gas and preheat the inlet air for the burner, and radiation rods are embedded at the interface between the PM1 and PM2 to extract heat from the flame and transfer it to radiating disk surfaces. Radiation from the disk surface is used for the TPV power conversion, reaching gallium antimonide photovoltaic cells (PVCs) with proper quantum efficiencies (up to 80%) through a quartz plate for preventing direct convectional heat transfer from the exhaust gas onto the PVCs. Under optimized conditions, uniform radiation provides adequate TPV performance, particularly indicating reasonable emitter efficiencies (up to 32%) with the enhanced disk temperature even for fuel-lean condition. Thus, the present configuration of the SRB-integrated TPV device can be used in practical applications, avoiding high-level noise without any moving parts.</P>
FARO tests corium-melt cooling in water pool: Roles of melt superheat and sintering in sediment
Hwang, Gisuk,Kaviany, Massoud,Moriyama, Kiyofumi,Park, Hyun Sun,Hwang, Byoungcheol,Lee, Mooneon,Kim, Eunho,Park, Jin Ho,Nasersharifi, Yahya Elsevier 2016 Nuclear engineering and design Vol.305 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The FARO tests have aimed at understanding an important severe accident mitigation action in a light water reactor when the accident progresses from the reactor pressure vessel boundary. These tests have aimed to measure the coolability of a molten core material (corium) gravity dispersed as jet into a water pool, quantifying the loose particle diameter distribution and fraction converted to cake under range of initial melt superheat and pool temperature and depth. Under complete hydrodynamic breakup of corium and consequent sedimentation in the pool, the initially superheated corium can result in debris bed consisting of discrete solid particles (loose debris) and/or a solid cake at the bottom of the pool. The success of the debris bed coolability requires cooling of the cake, and this is controlled by the large internal resistance. We postulate that the corium cake forms when there is a remelting part in the sediment. We show that even though a solid shell forms around the melt particles transiting in the water pool due to film-boiling heat transfer, the superheated melt allows remelting of the large particles in the sediment (depending on the water temperature and the transit time) using the COOLAP (Coolability Analysis with Parametric fuel-cooant interaction models) code. With this remelting and its liquid-phase sintering of the non-remelted particles, we predict the fraction of the melt particles converting to a cake through liquid sintering. Our predictions are in good agreement with the existing results of the FARO experiments. We address only those experiments with pool depths sufficient/exceeding the length required for complete breakup of the molten jet. Our analysis of the fate of molten corium aimed at devising the effective scenarios for its safe cooling in the containment so that predicted the minimum pool depth for no cake formation as functions of the melt superheat and water (subcooled/saturation) temperatures.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The numerical approach for FARO experimental data is suggested. </LI> <LI> The cooling mechanism of ex-vessel corium is suggested. </LI> <LI> The predicted minimum pool depth for no cake formation is suggested. </LI> </UL> </P>