Determination of Amino Acid Composition in Leaf, Stem, and Inflorescence of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Karnan Muthusamy,정종성,이배훈,남철환,박형수,최기춘 한국초지조사료학회 2022 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.42 No.3

Alfalfa is one of the most useful forage crops worldwide, containing a high level of amino acids that are essential to both human and animal health. However, amino acids and their concentrations may differ between plant parts. Hence, detecting amino acids in different plant parts would be useful in the development of diet supplements. The purpose of this study was to determine the amino acid content in alfalfa leaves, stems, and inflorescences using an amino acid analyzer. Asparagine and glutamic acid were the most abundant amino acids found in stems, leaves, and inflorescences than other amino acids. All parts of alfalfa had low concentrations of cysteine and methionine. All amino acids except asparagine were present in the highest concentration in leaves followed by inflorescences. Leaf had a rich amino acid content, namely asparagine, glutamic acid, leucine, proline, and lysine. However, the stem had a lower amino acid composition than the leaf or inflorescence. Overall, the data showed determining the amino acid content of forages provides a good approach to making animal feed with essential and specific amino acids and preventing excessive inclusion of amino acids.

Dual Culture Inoculation Enhanced Quality of Silage Produced from Leguminous Plants

Muthusamy, Karnan,Ilavenil, Soundharrajan,Jung, Jeong Sung,Lee, Bae Hun,Park, Hyung Soo,Choi, Ki Choon The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science 2021 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.41 No.3

Ensiling is the most preferred technology to preserve the silage quality with high nutrients by the presence of lactic acid bacteria. In this study, lactic acid bacteria RJ1 and S22 were used to make the silages from different leguminous plants such as alfalfa, hairy vetch and red clover. Experimental groups were divided into control and LAB inoculated groups. LAB inoculated group; all legumes treated with a mixture of RJ1 and S22 and made an anaerobic condition for 45d. Without the addition of LAB considered the control group. The results showed that the lactic acid content was higher in all silages in response to LAB treatment and acetic acid content was slightly increased except red clover by LAB compared to control silages. A poor silage quality marker butyric acid was reduced all legume silages in response to LAB inoculation than control silages. The organic acid is closely associated with microbial population experimental silages. We noted that higher LAB and lower yeast were found in the silage in response to LAB treatment. The contents of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and total digestible nutrient (TDN) were not altered significantly between control and LAB treated silages. Overall data suggested that the inclusion of additional LAB potentially enhance the silage quality and preserved the nutrients for long period.

Other faunas, coral rubbles, and soft coral covers are important predictors of coral reef fish diversity, abundance, and biomass

Imam Bachtiar,Tri Aryono Hadi,Karnan Karnan,Naila Taslimah Bachtiar 한국수산과학회 2023 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.26 No.4

Coral reef fisheries are prominent for the archipelagic countries’ food sufficiency and security. Studies showed that fish abundance and biomass are affected by biophysical variables. The present study determines which biophysical variables are important predictors of fish diversity, abundance, and biomass. The study used available monitoring data from the Indonesian Research Center for Oceanography, the National Board for Research and Innovation. Data were collected from 245 transects in 19 locations distributed across the Indonesian Archipelago, including the eastern Indian Ocean, Sunda Shelf (Karimata Sea), Wallacea (Flores and Banda Seas), and the western Pacific Ocean. Principal component analysis and multiple regression model were administered to 13 biophysical metrics against 11 variables of coral reef fishes, i.e., diversity, abundance, and biomass of coral reef fishes at three trophic levels. The results showed for the first time that the covers of other fauna, coral rubbles, and soft corals were the three most important predictor variables for nearly all coral reef fish variables. Other fauna cover was the important predictor for all 11 coral reef fish variables. Coral rubble cover was the predictor for ten variables, but carnivore fish abundance. Soft coral cover was a good predictor for corallivore, carnivore, and targeted fishes. Despite important predictors for corallivore and carnivore fish variables, hard coral cover was not the critical predictor for herbivore fish variables. The other important predictor variables with a consistent pattern were dead coral covered with algae and rocks. Dead coral covered with algae was an important predictor for herbivore fishes, while the rock was good for only carnivore fishes.

Improvement of Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) Silage Quality by Lactic Acid Bacteria

Soundharrajan Ilavenil,Karnan Muthusamy,Jeong Sung Jung,Bae Hun Lee,Hyung Soo Park,Ki Choon Choi 한국초지조사료학회 2021 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.41 No.4

In the current study, lactic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus were used as a mixed additive for the production of Orchardgrass silage by ensiled method and nutritional change fermentation ability and microbial content of experimental silages. The addition of LAB to Orchardgrass during ensiling process rapidly reduced the pH of the silages than the non-inoculated silages. In addition, the lactic and acetic acid content of silage was increased by LAB strains than the non-inoculated silages whereas butyric acid content was reduced in silage treated with LAB. A microbiological study revealed that higher LAB but lower yeast counts were observed in inoculated silages compared to non-inoculated silage. Overall data suggested that the addition of LAB stains could have ability to induce the fermentation process and improve the silage quality via increasing lactic acid and decreasing undesirable microbes.

Genomic profiling combined with gene expression profiling in primary central nervous system lymphoma

Sung, Chang Ohk,Kim, Sang Cheol,Karnan, Sivasundaram,Karube, Kennosuke,Shin, Hyung Jin,Nam, Do-Hyun,Suh, Yeon-Lim,Kim, Seok-Hyung,Kim, Ji Yeon,Kim, Seok Jin,Kim, Won Seog,Seto, Masao,Ko, Young-Hyeh American Society of Hematology 2011 Blood Vol.117 No.4

<B>Abstract</B><P>Of the genetic changes in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), little is known. To detect copy number alterations and differentially expressed genes in PCNSL, we analyzed a total of 12 PCNSL samples with high-resolution array-based comparative genomic hybridization and performed expression profiling in 7 of the 12 samples. The most frequent deletion found in 8 patients (66.7%) occurred in 9p21.3 containing CDKN2A. We compiled the top 96 genes (family-wise error rate, P < .05) showing the greatest differential expression between PCNSL and normal lymph node tissues. From these, we selected 8 candidate genes (NPFFR2, C4orf7, OSMR, EMCN, TPO, FNDC1, COL12A1, and MSC) in which expression changes were associated with copy number aberrations. All 8 genes showed both down-regulation in expression microarray and deletion in array-based comparative genomic hybridization analyses. These genes participate in cell signaling or cell adhesion. In addition, low mRNA expression of C4orf7 was significantly associated with poor survival (P = .0425). Using gene set enrichment analysis, we identified several signal transduction pathways, such as Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway and adhesion-related pathways, which may be involved in pathogenesis of PCNSL. In conclusion, this study identified novel tumor suppressor genes that may serve as therapeutic targets of PCNSL.</P>

Fibre Rupture Phenomenon in Rotor Spinning

Murugan, R.,Dasaradan, B.S.,Karnan, P.,Senthilkannan, M. Subramanian The Korean Fiber Society 2007 Fibers and polymers Vol.8 No.6

The present work relates to the occurrence of fibre rupture during fibre separation in rotor spinning and also discusses the mechanism of such rupture. The reduction in fibre length during opening has been studied at different span lengths. A correlation has been drawn showing the influence of combing roller action on yam tenacity and elongation. Fibre rupture has direct relationship with opening roller speed. Fibre rupture and surface damage occurring due to action of opening roller together are found to mar the yarn quality index.

Fluid intake, hydration status and its association with cognitive function among adolescents in Petaling Perdana, Selangor, Malaysia

Serene En Hui Tung,Yi Zhang Ch’ng,Thaneswary V Karnan,Pei Nee Chong,Jamil Osman Zubaidah,Yit Siew Chin 한국영양학회 2020 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.14 No.5

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A cross-sectional study was undertaken to evaluate fluid intake and hydration status in association with cognitive function among 230 adolescents (10–14 years of age) in Petaling Perdana, Selangor, Malaysia. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Urine color was used to measure hydration status, while fluid intake was assessed using the 15-item beverage intake questionnaire. Cognitive function was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition. RESULTS: More than half of the adolescents were mildly or moderately dehydrated (59.6%) and only one-third (33.0%) were well hydrated. Among the daily fluid types, intakes of soft drinks (r = −0.180; P = 0.006), sweetened tea (r = −0.184; P = 0.005) and total sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) (r = −0.199; P = 0.002) were negatively correlated with cognitive function. In terms of hydration status, cognitive function score was significantly higher (F-ratio = 4.102; P = 0.018) among hydrated adolescents (100.38 ± 12.01) than in dehydrated (92.00 ± 13.63) counterparts. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis, after adjusting for socio-demographic factors, showed that soft drinks (β = −0.009; P < 0.05) and sweetened tea (β = −0.019; P < 0.05) negatively predicted cognitive function (ΔR2 = 0.044). When further control for sources of fluid, hydration status (β = −2.839; P < 0.05) was shown to negatively predict cognitive function (ΔR2 = 0.021). The above variables contributed 20.1% of the variance in cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the links between fluid intake (soft drinks, sweetened tea, total SSBs) and hydration status with cognitive function in adolescents. Interventions aimed at decreasing the consumption of SSBs and increasing hydration status through healthy fluid choices, such as water, could improve cognitive performance in adolescents.

A Variant Gel-Combustion Approach to Impregnate Nanostructured MgO Coating on Cotton Fibers for Antibacterial Textile Applications

Adhikesavan Harikrishnan,Maheswari Purushothaman,Devarajan Alagarasan,Annamraju Kasi Viswanath,Saravanan Pandiaraj,Jothi Ramalingam Rajabathar,Muthusamy Karnan 한국섬유공학회 2023 Fibers and polymers Vol.24 No.11

In the present study we demonstrated the fabrication of smart antibacterial nano-textile material development by nanostructured magnesium oxide particles (MgO-NPs). The gel combustion process was adopted to prepare the MgO-NPs which, after being combined with an acrylic binder, were coated over bleached cotton fabrics through a facile pad-dry-cure method. Physicochemical characterizations were carried out using analytical instruments including XRD, SEM, TEM, FE-SEM, AFM, FTIR and TGA. The MgO-NPs impregnated cotton fabrics were tested to evaluate their antibacterial properties and demonstrated good resistance towards bacterial activity when comparing the Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively. This work envisages a strategic approach to develop smart textiles application for biomedical applications.