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On Generalizations of Extending Modules
Karabacak, Fatih Department of Mathematics 2009 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.49 No.3
A module M is said to be SIP-extending if the intersection of every pair of direct summands is essential in a direct summand of M. SIP-extending modules are a proper generalization of both SIP-modules and extending modules. Every direct summand of an SIP-module is an SIP-module just as a direct summand of an extending module is extending. While it is known that a direct sum of SIP-extending modules is not necessarily SIP-extending, the question about direct summands of an SIP-extending module to be SIP-extending remains open. In this study, we show that a direct summand of an SIP-extending module inherits this property under some conditions. Some related results are included about $C_{11}$ and SIP-modules.
Osman Raif Karabacak,Fatih Yalçınkaya,Uğur Altuğ,Nurettin Sertçelik,Fuat Demirel 대한비뇨의학회 2014 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.55 No.9
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of subureteral injection types in patients with middletohigh-grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Materials and Methods: Between June 1999 and September 2010, subureteral dextranomerwas applied at our clinic to 149 patients (214 refluxing ureters) with grades II,III, and IV VUR. Group 1 consisted of 54 patients (80 ureters), and group 2 consistedof 95 patients (134 ureters). The standard subureteric transurethral injection (STING)procedure was applied to group 1, and the modified STING procedure was applied togroup 2. A second and if needed a third injection was applied to unsuccessfully treatedpatients. The mean follow-up period was 2 years. Patients were evaluated by cystographyand ultrasonography in the third month of follow-up. Results: VUR was resolved completely after a single injection in 54/80 ureters (67.5%)in group 1 and in 94/134 ureters (70.1%) in group 2. Overall successes after a secondor a third injection were 61/80 (76.2%) and 111/134 (82.8%), respectively. There wasa statistically significant difference between the groups only for grade IV reflux followingmultiple injections (p<0.05). Conclusions: Endoscopic treatment of VUR is a recommended treatment because it isminimally invasive, efficient, and repeatable. Our study confirmed that a modifiedSTING procedure can be an alternative treatment to the standard technique.
Taurine relaxes human radial artery through potassium channel opening action
Kemal Gokhan Ulusoy,Erkan Kaya,Kubilay Karabacak,Melik Seyrek,İ,brahim Duvan,Vedat Yildirim,Oguzhan Yildiz 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2017 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.13 No.3
The vascular actions and mechanisms of taurine were investigated in the isolated human radial artery (RA). RA rings were suspended in isolated organ baths and tension was recorded isometrically. First, a precontraction was achieved by adding potassium chloride (KCl, 45 mM) or serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT, 30 µM) to organ baths. When the precontractions were stable, taurine (20, 40, 80 mM) was added cumulatively. Antagonistic effect of taurine on calcium chloride (10 µM to 10 mM) -induced contractions was investigated. Taurine-induced relaxations were also tested in the presence of the K<sup>+</sup> channel inhibitors tetraethylammonium (1 mM), glibenclamide (10 µM) and 4-aminopyridine (1 mM). Taurine did not affect the basal tone but inhibited the contraction induced by 5-HT and KCl. Calcium chloride–induced contractions were significantly inhibited in the presence of taurine (20, 40, 80 mM) (p<0.05). The relaxation to taurine was inhibited by tetraethylammonium (p<0.05). However, glibenclamide and 4-aminopyridine did not affect taurine -induced relaxations. Present experiments show that taurine inhibits 5-HT and KCl -induced contractions in RA, and suggest that large conductance Ca<sup>2+</sup>-activated K<sup>+</sup> channels may be involved in taurine –induced relaxation of RA.
Taurine relaxes human radial artery through potassium channel opening action
Ulusoy, Kemal Gokhan,Kaya, Erkan,Karabacak, Kubilay,Seyrek, Melik,Duvan, ibrahim,Yildirim, Vedat,Yildiz, Oguzhan The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2017 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.21 No.6
The vascular actions and mechanisms of taurine were investigated in the isolated human radial artery (RA). RA rings were suspended in isolated organ baths and tension was recorded isometrically. First, a precontraction was achieved by adding potassium chloride (KCl, 45 mM) or serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT, $30{\mu}M$) to organ baths. When the precontractions were stable, taurine (20, 40, 80 mM) was added cumulatively. Antagonistic effect of taurine on calcium chloride ($10{\mu}M$ to 10 mM) -induced contractions was investigated. Taurine-induced relaxations were also tested in the presence of the $K^+$ channel inhibitors tetraethylammonium (1 mM), glibenclamide ($10{\mu}M$) and 4-aminopyridine (1 mM). Taurine did not affect the basal tone but inhibited the contraction induced by 5-HT and KCl. Calcium chloride-induced contractions were significantly inhibited in the presence of taurine (20, 40, 80 mM) (p<0.05). The relaxation to taurine was inhibited by tetraethylammonium (p<0.05). However, glibenclamide and 4-aminopyridine did not affect taurine -induced relaxations. Present experiments show that taurine inhibits 5-HT and KCl -induced contractions in RA, and suggest that large conductance $Ca^{2+}$-activated $K^+$ channels may be involved in taurine -induced relaxation of RA.
Taurine relaxes human radial artery through potassium channel opening action
Kemal Gokhan Ulusoy,Erkan Kaya,Kubilay Karabacak,Melik Seyrek,İbrahim Duvan,Vedat Yildirim,Oguzhan Yildiz 대한약리학회 2017 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.21 No.6
The vascular actions and mechanisms of taurine were investigated in the isolated human radial artery (RA). RA rings were suspended in isolated organ baths and tension was recorded isometrically. First, a precontraction was achieved by adding potassium chloride (KCl, 45 mM) or serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT, 30 mM) to organ baths. When the precontractions were stable, taurine (20, 40, 80 mM) was added cumulatively. Antagonistic effect of taurine on calcium chloride (10 mM to 10 mM) -induced contractions was investigated. Taurine-induced relaxations were also tested in the presence of the K+ channel inhibitors tetraethylammonium (1 mM), glibenclamide (10 mM) and 4-aminopyridine (1 mM). Taurine did not affect the basal tone but inhibited the contraction induced by 5-HT and KCl. Calcium chloride– induced contractions were significantly inhibited in the presence of taurine (20, 40, 80 mM) (p<0.05). The relaxation to taurine was inhibited by tetraethylammonium (p<0.05). However, glibenclamide and 4-aminopyridine did not affect taurine -induced relaxations. Present experiments show that taurine inhibits 5-HT and KCl -induced contractions in RA, and suggest that large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels may be involved in taurine –induced relaxation of RA.
What Turkish Nurses Know and Do about Skin Cancer and Sun Protective Behavior
Andsoy, Isil Isik,Gul, Asiye,Sahin, Aysegul Oksay,Karabacak, Hanife Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.12
Background: Skin cancer is a global health problem that can be prevented by protective behavior promoted by nurses. In Turkey, only few studies have examined current knowledge of nurses related to skin cancer and to reveal their attitudes towards sun exposure and current protective behavior. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed from March 11 to May 30, 2013 with a study sample of 310 nurses working in two state hospitals located in Karab$\ddot{u}$k and Safranbolu. Results: Mean age of the nurses was $30.3{\pm}6.89$ years and 96.1% of them had graduated with a Bachelor degree. The participants were predominantly female (n=284). Knowledge level about skin cancer was significantly higher for females compared to males. Conclusions: Nurses do not have sufficient knowledge about skin cancer and are not adequately protecting themselves from ultraviolet light, the primary risk factor for skin cancer. While they demonstrated a responsible attitude towards avoiding sunburn and the need for adequate sun protection, they do not fully appreciate the extent to which the sun can cause skin cancer and that they lack full understanding about the need to protect the skin from burning and to avoid long term sun exposure in Turkey.