Live-attenuated auxotrophic mutant of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium expressing immunogenic HA1 protein enhances immunity and protective efficacy against H1N1 influenza virus infection

Kamble, Nitin Machindra,Hyoung, Kim Je,Lee, John Hwa Future Medicine 2017 Future microbiology Vol.12 No.9

Inhibition of Salmonella-induced apoptosis as a marker of the protective efficacy of virulence gene-deleted live attenuated vaccine

Kamble, N.M.,Nandre, R.M.,Lee, J.H. Elsevier 2016 Veterinary immunology and immunopathology Vol.169 No.-

<P>Vaccination is one of the best protection strategies against Salmonella infection in humans and chickens. Salmonella bacteria must induce apoptosis prior to initiating infection, pathogenesis and evasion of host immune responses. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of vaccinating chickens against Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) using a vaccine candidate strain (JOL919), constructed by deleting the Ion and cpxR genes from a wild-type SE using an allelic exchange method. In present study day old chickens were inoculated with 1 x 10(7) cfu (colony forming unit) of JOL919 per os. We measured cell-mediated immunity, protective efficacy and extent of apoptosis induction in splenocytes. Seven days post-immunization, the number of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ T cells was significantly higher in the immunized group compared to the control group, indicating a significant augmentation of systemic immune response. The internal organs of chickens immunized with JOL919 had a significantly lower challenge-strain recovery, indicating effective protection and clearance of the challenge strain. Post-challenge, the number of apoptotic cells in the immunized group was significantly lower than in the control group. Additionally, AV/PI (Annexin V/propidium iodide) staining was performed to differentiate between apoptotic cells and necrotic cells, which corroborated TUNEL-assay (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling) results. The proportions of AV+/PI- and AV+/PI+ cells, which represent the proportions of early apoptotic and late apoptotic/early necrotic cells present, respectively, were significantly lower in the immunized group. Our findings suggest that the apoptotic splenocytes in immunized chickens significantly decreased in number, which occurred concomitantly with a significant rise in systemic immune response and bacterial clearance. This suggests that inhibition of apoptosis may be a marker of protection efficacy in immunized chickens. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Orally administered live attenuated <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium protects mice against lethal infection with H1N1 influenza virus

Kamble, Nitin Machindra,Hajam, Irshad Ahmed,Lee, John Hwa Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2017 Veterinary microbiology Vol.201 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Pre-stimulation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) by agonists has been shown to increase protection against influenza virus infection. In this study, we evaluated the protective response generated against influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8; H1N1) virus by oral and nasal administration of live attenuated <I>Salmonella enterica</I> serovar Typhimurium, JOL911 strain, in mice. Oral and nasal inoculation of JOL911 significantly increased the mRNA copy number of TLR-2, TLR4 and TLR5, and downstream type I interferon (IFN) molecules, IFN-α and IFN-β, both in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in lung tissue. Similarly, the mRNA copy number of interferon-inducible genes (ISGs), Mx and ISG15, were significantly increased in both the orally and the nasally inoculated mice. Post PR8 virus lethal challenge, the nasal JOL911 and the PBS control group mice showed significant loss of body weight with 70% and 100% mortality, respectively, compared to only 30% mortality in the oral JOL911 group mice. Post sub-lethal challenge, the significant reduction in PR8 virus copy number in lung tissue was observed in oral [on day 4 and 6 post-challenge (dpc)] and nasal (on 4dpc) than the PBS control group mice. The lethal and sub-lethal challenge showed that the generated stimulated innate resistance (StIR) in JOL911 inoculated mice conferred resistance to acute and initial influenza infection but might not be sufficient to prevent the PR8 virus invasion and replication in the lung. Overall, the present study indicates that oral administration of attenuated <I>S.</I> Typhimurium can pre-stimulate multiple TLR pathways in mice to provide immediate early StIR against a lethal H1N1 virus challenge.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Pre-stimulation of TLR pathways provides stimulated innate resistance (StIR) against influenza virus. </LI> <LI> <I>S.</I> Typhimurium activates multiple TLR pathways, downstream interferons and effector interferon stimulated genes in PBMCs and in lung tissues. </LI> <LI> Oral administration of attenuated <I>S.</I> Typhimurium elicit StIR against PR8 influenza virus. </LI> <LI> The StIR generated in response to <I>S.</I> Typhimurium can protect mice against lethal challenge of PR8 influenza virus. </LI> </UL> </P>

Coefficient Estimates for a Subclass of Bi-univalent Functions Defined by Sălăgean Type q-Calculus Operator

Kamble, Prakash Namdeo,Shrigan, Mallikarjun Gurullingappa Department of Mathematics 2018 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.58 No.4

In this paper, we introduce and investigate a new subclass of bi-univalent functions defined by $S{\breve{a}}l{\breve{a}}gean$ q-calculus operator in the open disk ${\mathbb{U}}$. For functions belonging to the subclass, we obtain estimates on the first two Taylor-Maclaurin coefficients ${\mid}a_2{\mid}$ and ${\mid}a_3{\mid}$. Some consequences of the main results are also observed.

Characterization and Evaluation of a Salmonella enterica Serotype Senftenberg Mutant Created by Deletion of Virulence-Related Genes for Use as a Live Attenuated Vaccine

Kamble, Nitin M.,Lee, John Hwa,Morici, L. A. AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY 2016 CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY Vol.23 No.10

<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>Natural infections of chickens withSalmonella entericasubsp.<I>enterica</I>serovar Senftenberg (<I>S.</I>Senftenberg) are characterized by low-level intestinal invasiveness and insignificant production of antibodies. In this study, we investigated the potential effects of<I>lon</I>and<I>cpxR</I>gene deletions on the invasiveness of<I>S</I>. Senftenberg into the intestinal epithelium of chickens and its ability to induce an immune response, conferring protection against<I>S</I>. Senftenberg infection. With the allelic exchange method, we developed JOL1596 (Δ<I>lon</I>), JOL1571 (Δ<I>cpxR</I>), and JOL1587 (Δ<I>lon</I>Δ<I>cpxR</I>) deletion mutants from wild-type<I>S</I>. Senftenberg. Deletion of the<I>lon</I>gene from<I>S</I>. Senftenberg produced increased frequency of elongated cells, with significantly greater amounts of exopolysaccharide (EPS) than in the<I>cpxR</I>-deleted strain and the wild-type strain. The<I>in vivo</I>intestinal loop invasion assay showed a significant increase in epithelial invasiveness for JOL1596 (Δ<I>lon</I>) and JOL1587 (Δ<I>lon</I>Δ<I>cpxR</I>), compared to JOL1571 (Δ<I>cpxR</I>) and the wild-type strain. Furthermore, the<I>S</I>. Senftenberg wild-type and mutant strains were internalized at high levels inside activated abdominal macrophages from chicken. The<I>in vivo</I>inoculation of JOL1587 (Δ<I>lon</I>Δ<I>cpxR</I>) into chickens led to colonization of the liver, spleen, and cecum for a short time. Chickens inoculated with JOL1587 (Δ<I>lon</I>Δ<I>cpxR</I>) showed significant increases in humoral, mucosal, and cellular immune responses specific to<I>S</I>. Senftenberg antigens. Postchallenge, compared to the control group, the JOL1587 (Δ<I>lon</I>Δ<I>cpxR</I>)-inoculated chickens showed not only lower persistence but also faster clearance of wild-type<I>S</I>. Senftenberg from the cecum. We conclude that the increased intestinal invasiveness and colonization of internal organs exhibited by JOL1587 (Δ<I>lon</I>Δ<I>cpxR</I>) led to the establishment of immunogenicity and conferred protective efficacy against<I>S</I>. Senftenberg infections in chickens.</P>

Activation of chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells induced by a Salmonella Enteritidis ghost vaccine candidate

Kamble, N.M.,Jawale, C.V.,Lee, J.H. Elsevier 2016 Poultry science Vol.95 No.10

<P>Bacterial Ghost-based vaccine development has been applied to a variety of gram-negative bacteria. Developed Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) ghost are promising vaccine candidates because of their immunogenic and enhanced biosafety potential. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the immunostimulatory effect of a S. Enteritidis ghost vaccine on the maturation of chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (chBM-DCs) in vitro. The immature chBM-DCs were stimulated with S. Enteritidis ghost vaccine candidate. The vaccine efficiently stimulated maturation events in chBM-DCs, indicated by up-regulated expression of CD40, CD80, and MHC-II molecules. Immature BM-DCs responded to stimulation with S. Enteritidis ghost by increased expression of IL-6 and IL-12p40 cytokines. Also, S. Enteritidis ghost stimulated chBM-DCs induced the significant expression of IFN-gamma and IL-2 in co-cultured autologous CD4+ T cells. In conclusion, our data suggest that S. Enteritidis ghost vaccine candidate is capable of activating and interacting with chBM-DCs. The results from current study may help for rational designing of Salmonella ghost based heterologous antigen delivery platforms to dendritic cells.</P>

Intracellular delivery of HA1 subunit antigen through attenuated <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum act as a bivalent vaccine against fowl typhoid and low pathogenic H5N3 virus

Kamble, Nitin Machindra,Hyoung, Kim Je,Lee, John Hwa BioMed Central 2017 VETERINARY RESEARCH Vol.48 No.-

<P>Introduction of novel inactivated oil-emulsion vaccines against different strains of prevailing and emerging low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses is not an economically viable option for poultry. Engineering attenuated <I>Salmonella</I> Gallinarum (<I>S.</I> Gallinarum) vaccine delivering H5 LPAI antigens can be employed as a bivalent vaccine against fowl typhoid and LPAI viruses, while still offering economic viability and sero-surveillance capacity. In this study, we developed a JOL1814 bivalent vaccine candidate against LPAI virus infection and fowl typhoid by engineering the attenuated <I>S.</I> Gallinarum to deliver the globular head (HA1) domain of hemagglutinin protein from H5 LPAI virus through pMMP65 constitutive expression plasmid. The important feature of the developed JOL1814 was the delivery of the HA1 antigen to cytosol of peritoneal macrophages. Immunization of chickens with JOL1814 produced significant level of humoral, mucosal, cellular and IL-2, IL-4, IL-17 and IFN-γ cytokine immune response against H5 HA1 and <I>S.</I> Gallinarum antigens in the immunized chickens. Post-challenge, only the JOL1814 immunized chicken showed significantly faster clearance of H5N3 virus in oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs, and 90% survival rate against lethal challenge with a wild type <I>S</I>. Gallinarum. Furthermore, the JOL1814 immunized were differentiated from the H5N3 LPAI virus infected chickens by matrix (M2) gene-specific real-time PCR. In conclusion, the data from the present showed that the JOL1814 can be an effective bivalent vaccine candidate against H5N3 LPAI and fowl typhoid infection in poultry while still offering sero-surveillance property against H5 avian influenza virus.</P>

Investigation of magnetic phases in parent compounds of iron-chalcogenides via quasiparticle scattering interference

Kamble, Bhaskar,Akbari, Alireza,Eremin, Ilya IOP Publishing - Europhysics Letters 2016 Europhysics letters Vol.114 No.1

<P>We employ a five-orbital tight-binding model to develop the mean-field solution for various possible spin density wave states in the iron-chalcogenides. The quasiparticle interference (QPI) technique is applied to detect signatures of these states due to scatterings arising from non-magnetic impurities. Apart from the experimentally observed double-striped structure with ordering vector (pi/2, pi/2), the QPI method is investigated for the extended-stripe as well as the orthogonal double-stripe phase. We discuss QPI as a possible tool to detect and classify various magnetic structures with different electronic structure reconstruction within the framework of the Fe1+yTe compound. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2016</P>

Influence of surfactants on electrochemical growth of CdSe nanostructures and their photoelectrochemical performance

Kamble, A. S.,Patil, V. L.,Sinha, B. B.,Vanalakar, S. A.,Dhere, S. L.,Kale, S. S.,Patil, P. S.,Kim, J. H. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Journal of solid state electrochemistry Vol.21 No.9

CFD prediction of vortex induced vibrations and fatigue assessment for deepwater marine risers

Kamble, Chetna,Chen, Hamn-Ching Techno-Press 2016 Ocean systems engineering Vol.6 No.4

Using 3D computational fluid dynamics techniques in recent years have shed significant light on the Vortex Induced Vibrations (VIV) encountered by deep-water marine risers. The fatigue damage accumulated due to these vibrations has posed a great concern to the offshore industry. This paper aims to present an algorithm to predict the crossflow and inline fatigue damage for very long (L/D > $10^3$) marine risers using a Finite-Analytical Navier-Stokes (FANS) technique coupled with a tensioned beam motion solver and rainflow counting fatigue module. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) method has been used to simulate the turbulence in the flow. An overset grid system is employed to mesh the riser geometry and the wake field around the riser. Risers from NDP (2003) and Miami (2006) experiments are used for simulation with uniform, linearly sheared and non-uniform (non-linearly sheared) current profiles. The simulation results including inline and crossflow motion, modal decomposition, spectral densities and fatigue damage rate are compared to the experimental data and useful conclusions are drawn.