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- 검색키워드
- 저자 : K. Vijayaraghavan (검색결과 8 건)
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Vijayaraghavan, K.,Reddy, D. Harikishore Kumar,Yun, Yeoung-Sang Elsevier 2019 Sustainable cities and society Vol.46 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Urban rooftops covered with plants known as “green roofs” or “vegetative roofs” have recently attracted intense research interest because of their unique benefits and recognition in various countries as a potential best management practice. However, most of these benefits are just theoretical assumptions, and only few research efforts have been performed to draw a definitive conclusion. Of these, the quality of runoff from vegetative roofs often comes under debate. Hence, this critical review article primarily focuses on the quality of water from vegetative roofs, as well as directions to achieve better quality runoff. This review briefly introduces the fundamentals and benefits of vegetative roofs, followed by the quality of runoff as observed by other investigators. Until now, the vegetative roof substrate and plant types have not been selected based on their potential to decontaminate runoff. To improve the quality of runoff, we highlight the necessity to consider the sorption capacity of the substrate and phytoremediation potential of plants. For the first time, various sorbents that can be used as additives in the vegetative roof substrate, as well as practical plant species that can phytoextract contaminants in the substrate are presented. Some recommendations regarding the future research are also provided.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Quality of runoff generated from vegetative roofs was assessed. </LI> <LI> Growth substrate and plants influence the runoff quality of vegetative roofs. </LI> <LI> Substrate with high sorption and phytoremediation plants enhance runoff quality. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Anbarasi K,Kasim Mohamed K,Phagalvarthy Vijayaraghavan,Deivanayagam Kandaswamy 한국의학교육학회 2016 Korean journal of medical education Vol.28 No.4
Purpose: To design and implement flipped clinical training for undergraduate dental students in removable complete denture treatment and predict its effectiveness by comparing the assessment results of students trained by flipped and traditional methods. Methods: Flipped training was designed by shifting the learning from clinics to learning center (phase I) and by preserving the practice in clinics (phase II). In phase I, student-faculty interactive session was arranged to recap prior knowledge. This is followed by a display of audio synchronized video demonstration of the procedure in a repeatable way and subsequent display of possible errors that may occur in treatment with guidelines to overcome such errors. In phase II, live demonstration of the procedure was given. Students were asked to treat three patients under instructor’s supervision. The summative assessment was conducted by applying the same checklist criterion and rubric scoring used for the traditional method. Assessment results of three batches of students trained by flipped method (study group) and three traditionally trained previous batches (control group) were taken for comparison by chi-square test. Results: The sum of traditionally trained three batch students who prepared acceptable dentures (score: 2 and 3) and unacceptable dentures (score: 1) was compared with the same of flipped trained three batch students revealed that the number of students who demonstrated competency by preparing acceptable dentures was higher for flipped training (χ 2 =30.996 with p<0.001). Conclusion: The results reveal the supremacy of flipped training in enhancing students competency and hence recommended for training various clinical procedures.
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Anaerobic Digestion and In situ Electrohydrolysis of Dairy Bio-sludge
Krishnan Vijayaraghavan,G. K. Sagar 한국생물공학회 2010 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.15 No.3
A novel treatment method based on anaerobic digestion and in-situ electrohydrolysis of dairy bio-sludge was investigated in this article. The electrohydrolysis was carried out inside the anaerobic reactor using graphite anode and stainless steel cathode. The electrons released by the graphite anode combines with the proton released due to electrohydrolysis of fatty acids which resulted in the formation of hydrogen gas. The experiments were conducted using a DC power source under continuous and intermittent mode of input voltage ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 V for varying influent volatile solids concentration at a pH 5.3 ± 0.2. The results favored intermittent mode of input voltage rather than continuous supply. For an influent total solid concentration of 7% (64,120 mg/L VS), intermittent input voltage of 2 V, and a hydraulic retention time of 15 days resulted in a volatile solids and soluble COD removal efficiency of 83 and 74%, while the cumulative gas generation was 1,051 L with a hydrogen content of 72%.
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Biosorption of Tm(III) by free and polysulfone-immobilized Turbinaria conoides biomass
S. Rangabhashiyam,K. Vijayaraghavan 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.80 No.-
The current investigation focus on the use of brown alga Turbinaria conoides (TC) and polysulfoneimmobilized Turbinaria conoides (PITC) for the biosorption of rare earth element Thulium (Tm(III)) fromaqueous systems. To attain the highest removal of Tm(III), the process parameters including theequilibrium pH, Tm(III) concentration and biosorption time were optimized. The characterizationtechniques were used to analyse the morphological features and elemental analysis of the biosorbents. The isotherm models of selective two and three parameters were subjected to inspect the equilibriumdata. The biosorption datafitted to the different biosorption kinetic models. Results illustrated that bothTC and PITC displayed higher biosorption capacity of 200.5 and 157.9 mg/g, respectively. Through kinetictrials, we identified delay in equilibrium attainment for PITC and the data were described withintraparticle diffusion model. TC and PITC presented comparable results with biosorption equilibriumattained in 200 min, optimum equilibrium solution pH 5.0 and exhibited maximum biosorption capacityfor the initial Tm(III) concentrations of 500 mg/L. Recovery studies represented that the maximumdesorption efficiency attained using 0.01 M HCl and PITC presented potential uptake capacity of Tm(III)during the entire 10 biosorption–desorption cycles.
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Kim, Jeong Ae,Vijayaraghavan, K.,Reddy, D. Harikishore Kumar,Yun, Yeoung-Sang Elsevier 2018 Journal of cleaner production Vol.196 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>It is necessary to explore alternative resources for phosphorus (P) in an effort to address the lack of available P source for crops in an agricultural sector. In this study, bacterial biomass waste of <I>Escherichia coli</I> from a fermentation industry was converted to “P-enriched biochar”, and its possibility as a P fertilizer was assessed. Biochar yields (5.2 ± 0.74% to 19.7 ± 1.54%) highly depended on pyrolysis conditions such as initial weight of feedstock and residence time. Inorganic elemental analysis revealed that the biochar did not consist of any elements with high toxic concentration levels regardless of its yield and that it was rich in P. Biochar with lower yield showed higher water soluble P. Subsequently, a rapid P-release in water and citric acid was initially observed, and a gradual decline one day later was followed. The extractable P in water and citric acid reached 52% and 61%, respectively, of initial P content (84.7 mg g<SUP>−1</SUP>) in the biochar in five days. Scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) results showed that P was evenly distributed in macropore-sized biochar matrix, and the contents of P and O decreased after P release into water. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed that the peaks related to phosphate form significantly decreased after P release. SEM-EDS and FT-IR results indicated that released form of P was phosphate. Hydroculture bioassay showed that biochar had a positive effect on the early growth of <I>Lactuca sativa</I>. This study suggested that conversion of bacterial waste to the P-enriched biochar could be a feasible strategy for recycling P source as a P fertilizer as well as valorization of wastes from fermentation industry.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Bacterial biomass waste from fermentation industry was directly converted to phosphorus-enriched biochar. </LI> <LI> The contents of toxic chemicals were negligible for application to soil. </LI> <LI> Slow release of phosphorus from the biochar was found in water and citric acid. </LI> <LI> The resulting biochar promoted early growth of lettuce. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Cho, C.-W.,Jeon, Y.-C.,Pham, T.P.T.,Vijayaraghavan, K.,Yun, Y.-S. Academic Press 2008 Ecotoxicology and environmental safety Vol.71 No.1
In this study, the effects of several ionic liquids and traditional organic solvents on the growth of the green microalga, Selenastrum capricornutum, were investigated. The toxicities were strongly related to the incubation time and chemical structures of the ionic liquids. The toxicities of tetrabutylphosphonium and tetrabutylammonium containing bromide anion were observed to decrease when the incubation time was raised from 48 to 96h. Conversely, the toxicities of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium and 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium containing bromide anion were found to increase with increasing incubation time. Of the ionic liquids tested, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide was found to be the least toxic, which is similar in toxicity level of dimethylformamide. In general, the toxicities of the ionic liquids were estimated to be two and four orders of magnitude greater than those of the organic solvents examined, although ionic liquids are being considered as green solvents.
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