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Wide Area Distribution of Nitrogen Concentrations in Mountain Streams of Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
K. Muramatsu,Y. Komai,S. Umemoto,T. Inoue 대한환경공학회 2010 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.15 No.2
To study the relationship between the concentrations of nitrogen in mountain streams, and anthropologic and natural factors, the water chemistry of the mountain streams in the entire Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, were investigated. A thousand mountain streams were investigated between 1998 and 2001. The concentrations of nitrate nitrogen ranged from 2.92 to 0.1 mg/L, with an arithmetic mean value of 0.45 mg/L. A number of streams showing more than 1.0 mg/L of nitrate nitrogen accounted for 8% of the mountain streams investigated. These results indicated that the concentrations of nitrate nitrogen in the mountain streams were low in the entire Hyogo Prefecture. In general, the mountain stream water in Hyogo Prefecture appears to not have been affected by wet and dry deposition originating from anthropologic sources in mountain streams and Japan. On the other hand, sites with more than 0.8 mg/L nitrate nitrogen were distributed over the entire Hyogo Prefecture, which were classified into five groups. Each group showed unique geographical, geological and anthropological characteristics. No common characteristic among five groups were discover. These results suggest that the cause of high concentrations of nitrogen in mountain streams is not from a uniform set of conditions.
Fujisawa, K.,Ka, I.,Le Borgne, V.,Kang, C.S.,Kobayashi, K.,Muramatsu, H.,Hayashi, T.,Kim, Y.A.,Endo, M.,Terrones, M.,El Khakani, M.A. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Carbon Vol.96 No.-
<P>Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) nanohybrids have been synthesized through the controlled decoration of CNTs by PbS-QDs by means of the pulsed laser deposition technique. The size of the PbS-QDs and their surface coverage of the CNTs' surface are monitored through the number of laser ablation pulses. Here, while comparing both single-walled (SW) and double-walled (DW) CNTs based nanohybrids, focus is put on the investigation of their interfacial structure and the effect of inner tube. Anchoring PbS through direct sulfur-carbon chemical bonding between CNTs' outer wall and PbS-QDs, which are thought to be profitable for efficient charge transfer but not for charge transport along CNT's tube axis, are confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In the case of double-walled CNTs (DWCNTs), inner tube remains unaffected by ablated PbS species, then it serves efficient conduction way for transferred photo-generated charges. This unique feature of the DWCNTs based nanohybrid, where the photocharges are generated by the chemically bonded PbS-QDs to the outer tube and then efficiently conveyed by the inner tube of the nanotubes, is highly likely at the origin of their significantly higher photo-activity (several hundred times than in SWCNTs-based nanohybrids). (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Muramatsu, T.,Niwa, N.,Furuse, M.,Okumura, J.,Ohmiya, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1992 Animal Bioscience Vol.5 No.1
The present study was done to examine whether inoculated and established bacteria in the digestive tract of germ-free (GF) chickens affect growth performance, energy availability, nitrogen utilization and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility of the host bird fed a high-fibre diet. Gnotobiotic (GB) chicks were made from GF birds by co-inoculating with Ruminococcus albus, and Staphylococcus warneri, only the latter of which was established in the chicken gut. No difference was detected among conventional (CV), GF and GB birds in body weight gain, food intake or food efficiency from 7 to 21 d of age. The amount of nitrogen retained was larger in CV than in GF and GB chicks. DE and ME values of the diet and NDF digestibility were higher in CV birds than in GF and GB counterparts. It was concluded, therefore, that the established bacterium S. warneri did not give any beneficial effects on the host bird as judged by growth performance, energy availability, nitrogen utilization, and NDF digestibility.
STUDIES ON METHIONINE METABOLISM IN THE RUMEN BACTERIA OF GOATS
Muramatsu, T.,Numa, M.,Ueda, Y.,Furuse, M.,Okumura, J.,Samukawa, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1994 Animal Bioscience Vol.7 No.2
The metabolic fate of methionine in rumen bacteria was studied by intraruminal administration of $^{15}N$ and $1-^{13}C$ labeled methionine in goats. Time course changes in isotopic abundance of amino acids in the rumen bacteria were determined with a computer-controlled gas-chromatograph mass spectrometer. The results from the transition of peak isotopic abundance in amino acids indicated that in rumen bacteria the $^{15}N$ or $^{13}C$ isotope in the methionine molecule was transferred rapidly to into bacteria, methionine administered intraruminally may not be retained as it is, but would be converted quickly to other metabolites in the bacteria.
Muramatsu, T.,Tsutsumi, K.,Hatano, T.,Hattori, M.,Okumura, J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1993 Animal Bioscience Vol.6 No.3
The objectives of the present study were to investigate whether or not dietary lysine addition could improve N balance of female Japanese Saanen goats at 15 to 32 months of age, weighing 31 to 40 kg, fed on a wheat bran-hay cube diet supplemented with methionine, and whether or not ruminally protected lysine supplementation could give as good an N balance performance as lysine in the presence of ruminally protected methionine when given orally to the goats. It was considered from changes in N balance and N utilization that the first-and second-limiting amino acids in the diet were methionine and lysine respectively, under the present experimental conditions. The ruminally protected lysine in addition to the ruminally protected methionine gave no improvement in N balance and N utilization compared with the ruminally protected methionine alone, suggesting that the ruminally protected lysine used in the present study was not effectively utilized by the goats.
Kita, K.,Hatano, S.,Okumura, J.,Muramatsu, T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1993 Animal Bioscience Vol.6 No.2
The effect of bovine growth hormone digested with trypsin on whole-body protein synthesis in vitro of chicken embryos was investigated by using a whole-embryo culture system. Bovine growth hormone at 5.3 and 530 ng/ml was digested partially and completely with trypsin for 4 min and 18 h, respectively. After culturing chicken embryos with a synthetic medium containing $L-[4-^3H]$ pheylalanine, whole-embryo protein synthesis was determined from the ratio of specific radioactivities of free and protein-bound pheylalanine. Whole-embryo protein synthesis of the control group cultured with no bovine growth hormone was $49.5{\pm}2.2%/d$. There was no significant interaction between digestion time and the concentration of trypsin-digested bovine growth hormone. Tryptic digestion of bovine growth hormone increased fractional synthesis rates of whole-body protein compared to the 0-min groups, and there was no significant difference between the 4-min and 18-h groups. The higher concentration (530 ng/ml) of trypsin-digested bovine growth hormone was more effective in enhancing whole-embryo protein synthesis than the lower concentration (5.3 ng/ml).
Kang, C.S.,Fujisawa, K.,Ko, Y.I.,Muramatsu, H.,Hayashi, T.,Endo, M.,Kim, H.J.,Lim, D.,Kim, J.H.,Jung, Y.C.,Terrones, M.,Dresselhaus, M.S.,Kim, Y.A. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Carbon Vol.107 No.-
<P>Linear carbon chains (LCCs) consisting of sp-hybridized carbon atoms are considered a fascinating 1D system and could be used in the fabrication of the next-generation molecular devices because of its ideal linear atomic nature. A large portion of long LCCs inside multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized by atmospheric arc discharge in the presence of boron. Closed-end growth of MWCNTs in the arc process is suggested as a critical condition for the simultaneous growth of LCCs within the inner cores of carbon nanotubes. The strong Raman line around 1850 cm(-1) was used to characterize the degree of filling as well as their structural stability under high temperature thermal treatments. We observed a distinctive change in the electrical conductivity of the MWCNT assembly before and after the disappearance of LCCs due to the expected strong coupling interaction between the LCCs and the innermost tube. This work demonstrates for the first time the enhanced effect of confined linear carbon chains on the overall electrical conductivity of MWCNT assemblies. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>