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Shankar, Abhishek,Roy, Shubham,Malik, Abhidha,Kamal, Vineet Kumar,Bhandari, Ruchir,Kishor, Kunal,Mahajan, M.K.,Sachdev, Jaineet,Jeyaraj, Pamela,Rath, G.K. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.3
Background: Breast cancer is by far the most frequent cancer of women (23 % of all cancers), ranking second overall when both sexes are considered together. Contralateral breast cancer (CBC) is becoming an important public health issue because of the increased incidence of primary breast cancer and improved survival. The present communication concerns a study to evaluate the role of various clinico-pathological factors on the occurrence of contralateral breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A detailed analysis was carried out with respect to age, menopausal status, family history, disease stage, surgery performed, histopathology, hormone receptor status, and use of chemotherapy or hormonal therapy. The diagnosis of CBC was confirmed on histopathology report. Relative risk with 95%CI was calculated for different risk factors of contralateral breast cancer development. Results: CBC was found in 24 (4.5%) out of 532 patients. Mean age of presentation was 43.2 years. Family history of breast cancer was found in 37.5% of the patients. There was statistically significant higher rate (83.3%) of CBC in patients in age group of 20-40 years with RR=11.3 (95% CI: 1.4, 89.4, p=0.006) seen in 20-30 years and RR=10.8 (95% CI:1.5-79.6, p=0.002) in 30-40 years as compared to older age of 60-70 years. Risk of development was higher in premenopausal women (RR=8.6, 95% CI: 3.5-21.3, $p{\leq}0.001$). Women with family history of breast cancer had highest rate (20.9%) of CBC (RR=5.4, 95% CI: 2.5-11.6, $p{\leq}0.001$). Use of hormonal therapy in hormone receptor positive patients was protective factor in occurrence of CBC but not significant (RR=0.7, 95% CI: 0.3-1.5, p=0.333). Conclusions: Younger age, premenopausal status, and presence of family history were found to be significant risk factors for the development of CBC. Use of hormonal therapy in hormone receptor positive patients might be protective against occurrence of CBC but did not reach significance.
K. M. Geetha,Jyotsna Shankar,Barnabas Wilson 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2023 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.23 No.4
Chia seed oil (CSO) was reported to possess various pharmacological effects, however, its usefulness is restricted due to its inadequate solubility, bioavailability and stability. In the present work, efforts were put forward to develop chia seed oil nanoemulsion (CSO NE). The developed CSO NE was exposed to pharmacodynamic evaluation against Parkinson’s disease (PD) induced by rotenone (RT) in the mice. Here, the animals were classified into 6 groups: (I) Vehicle control, (II) RT (1 mg/ kg s.c.), (III) CSO (200 mg/kg p.o.) + RT, (IV) CSO (400 mg/kg p.o.) + RT, (V) CSO NE (200 mg/kg p.o.) + RT, (VI) CSO NE (400 mg/kg p.o.) + RT. Animals received the treatment 30 min before RT administration for 14 days. The outcomes of the motor/behavioural evaluations (rotarod test and locomotor activity), biochemical evaluations (estimation of malondialdehyde, nitrite, acetylcholine esterase, reduced glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase) and histopathological evaluation affirmed that the CSO NE treatment rendered a significant enhancement in the neuroprotective effects as compared to CSO administered alone. These results suggest that the oral bioavailability of CSO was escalated by its conversion to nanoform, thus imparting greater neuroprotection. The potential application of CSO NE was established in the management of PD.
B. Adil,K. M. Shankar,B. T. Naveen Kumar,Rajreddy Patil,Abhiman Ballyaya,K. S. Ramesh,Sathish Rama Poojary,Omkar V. Byadgi,Prabhugouda Siriyappagouder 대한수의학회 2013 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.14 No.4
A monoclonal antibody-based flow-through immunoassay (FTA) was developed using a nitrocellulose membrane placed on the top of adsorbent pads enclosed in a plastic cassette with a test zone at the center. The FTA could be completed within 10 min. Clear purple dots against a white background indicated the presence of Aphanomyces (A.)invadans. The FTA limit of detection was 7 μg/mL for A. invadans compared to 56 μg/mL for the immunodot. FTA and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) could detect A. invadans in fish tissue homogenates at a 10-11 dilution compared to a 10-8 dilution by immunodot. In fish suffering from natural cases of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS)collected from Mangalore, India, FTA and PCR could detect A. invadans in 100% of the samples compared to 89.04%detected by immunodot. FTA reagents were stable and produced expected results for 4 months when stored at 4∼8oC. This rapid test could serve as simple and cost-effective on-site screening tool to detect A. invadans in fish from EUS outbreak areas and in ports during the shipment of live or frozen fish.
Study on acquisition of bacterial antibiotic resistance determinants in poultry litter
Dhanarani, T. Sridevi,Shankar, C.,Park, J.,Dexilin, M.,Kumar, R. Rajesh,Thamaraiselvi, K. Elsevier 2009 Poultry science Vol.88 No.7
<P>Antibiotic resistance and the mode of transmission were investigated in bacteria isolated from poultry litter. Total aerobic heterotrophic bacteria were screened and identified for their resistance to different antibiotics such as ampicillin, streptomycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, tobramycin, and rifampicin. The distribution of bacteria found in the litter was Staphylococcus (29.1%), which was the predominant group, followed by Streptococcus (25%), Micrococcus (20.8%), Escherichia coli (12.5%), Salmonella (8.3%), and Aeromonas (4.1%). Fifty percent of these isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, 57% to erythromycin, 25% to tetracycline, 4% to chloramphenicol, 40% to kanamycin, 75% to streptomycin, 54% to tobramycin, and 4% to rifampicin. Three randomly selected isolates representing Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Micrococcus were examined for plasmids, and plasmid-curing and plasmid-induced transformation studies were conducted. Streptococcus and Micrococcus harbored a plasmid of 4.2 and 5.1 kb, respectively, whereas Staphylococcus did not harbor any plasmids. Plasmids were cured in Streptococcus and Micrococcus at a concentration of 75 and 100 microg/ mL of acridine orange, respectively, and transformation of 4.2- and 5.1-kb plasmids isolated from the Streptococcus and Micrococcus to plasmid-free E. coli DH5alpha strain was possible. In conjugation experiments, the antibiotic resistance profiles of transconjugant cells were found to be the same as the donors with the exception of Staphylococcus. The results of this study suggest that transformation and conjugation could be an important mechanism for horizontal gene transfer between bacteria in poultry litter. An understanding of the mechanism and magnitude of resistance gene transfer may provide a strategy to reduce the potential for dissemination of these genes.</P>