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Reliability and risk treatment centered maintenance
Martin Pexa,Tomáš Hladík,Zdeněk Aleš,Václav Legát,Vít Havlů,Miroslav Müller,Petr Valášek 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.10
We propose a new methodology for application of well-known tools – RCM, RBI and SIFpro – with the aim to treat risks by means ofsuitable maintenance. The basis of the new methodology is the complex application of all three methods at the same time and not separatelyas is typical today. The proposed methodology suggests having just one managing team for reliability and risk treatment centredmaintenance (RRTCM), employing existing RCM, RBI, and SIFpro tools concurrently. This approach allows for significant reduction ofengineering activities’ duration. In the proposed methodology these activities are staged into five phases and structured to eliminate allduplication resulting from separate application of the three tools. The newly proposed methodology saves 45% to 50% of the engineeringworkload and adequate significant financial savings.
Shin, S.-K.,Mü,ller, D.,Lee, C.,Lee, K. H.,Shin, D.,Kim, Y. J.,Noh, Y. M. Copernicus GmbH 2015 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.15 No.12
<P>Abstract. We use five years (2009-2013) of multiwavelength Raman lidar measurements at Gwangju, South Korea (35.10° N, 126.53° E) for the identification of changes of optical properties of East Asian dust depending on its transport path over China. Profiles of backscatter and extinction coefficients, lidar ratios, and backscatter-related Ångström exponents (wavelength pair 355/532 nm) were measured at Gwangju. Linear particle depolarization ratios were used to identify East Asian dust layers. We used backward trajectory modeling to identify the pathway and the vertical position of dust-laden air masses over China during long-range transport. Most cases of Asian dust events can be described by the emission of dust in desert areas and subsequent transport over highly polluted regions of China. The Asian dust plumes could be categorized into two classes according to the height above ground at which these plumes were transported: (case I) the dust layers passed over China at high altitude levels (> 3 km) until arrival over Gwangju, and (case II) the Asian dust layers were transported near the surface and within the lower troposphere (< 3 km) over industrialized areas before they arrived over Gwangju. We find that the optical characteristics of these mixed Asian dust layers over Gwangju differ depending on their vertical position above ground over China and the change of height above ground during transport. The mean linear particle depolarization ratio was 0.21 ± 0.06 (at 532 nm), the mean lidar ratios were 52 ± 7 sr at 355 nm and 53 ± 8 sr at 532 nm, and the mean Ångström exponent was 0.74 ± 0.31 for case I. In contrast, plumes transported at lower altitudes (case II) showed low depolarization ratios (0.13 ± 0.04 at 532 nm), and higher lidar ratio (63 ± 9 sr at 355 nm and 62 ± 8 sr at 532 nm) and Ångström exponents (0.98 ± 0.51). These numbers show that the optical characteristics of mixed Asian plumes are more similar to optical characteristics of urban pollution. We find a decrease of the linear depolarization ratio of the mixed dust/pollution plume depending on transport time if the pollution layer traveled over China at low heights, i.e., below approximately 3 km above ground. In contrast, we do not find such a trend if the dust plumes traveled at heights above 3 km over China. We need a longer time series of lidar measurements in order to determine in a quantitative way the change of optical properties of dust with transport time. </P>
A New MHD-assisted Stokes Inversion Technique
Riethmü,ller, T. L.,Solanki, S. K.,Barthol, P.,Gandorfer, A.,Gizon, L.,Hirzberger, J.,Noort, M. van,Rodrí,guez, J. Blanco,Iniesta, J. C. Del Toro,Suá,rez, D. Orozco,Schmidt, W.,Pillet, American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal Supplement series Vol.229 No.1
<P>We present a new method of Stokes inversion of spectropolarimetric data and evaluate it by taking the example of a SUNRISE/IMaX observation. An archive of synthetic Stokes profiles is obtained by the spectral synthesis of stateof- the-art magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations and a realistic degradation to the level of the observed data. The definition of a merit function allows the archive to be searched for the synthetic Stokes profiles that best match the observed profiles. In contrast to traditional Stokes inversion codes, which solve the Unno-Rachkovsky equations for the polarized radiative transfer numerically and fit the Stokes profiles iteratively, the new technique provides the full set of atmospheric parameters. This gives us the ability to start an MHD simulation that takes the inversion result as an initial condition. After a relaxation process of half an hour solar time we obtain physically consistent MHD data sets with a target similar to the observation. The new MHD simulation is used to repeat the method in a second iteration, which further improves the match between observation and simulation, resulting in a factor of 2.2 lower mean chi(2) value. One advantage of the new technique is that it provides the physical parameters on a geometrical height scale. It constitutes a first step toward inversions that give results consistent with the MHD equations.</P>
Solanki, S. K.,Riethmü,ller, T. L.,Barthol, P.,Danilovic, S.,Deutsch, W.,Doerr, H.-P.,Feller, A.,Gandorfer, A.,Germerott, D.,Gizon, L.,Grauf, B.,Heerlein, K.,Hirzberger, J.,Kolleck, M.,Lagg, A.,Me American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal, Supplement series Vol.229 No.1
<P>The SUNRISE balloon-borne solar observatory, consisting of a 1 m aperture telescope that provides a stabilized image to a UV filter imager and an imaging vector polarimeter, carried out its second science flight in 2013 June. It provided observations of parts of active regions at high spatial resolution, including the first high-resolution images in the Mg II. k line. The obtained data are of very high quality, with the best UV images reaching the diffraction limit of the telescope at 3000 angstrom after Multi-Frame Blind Deconvolution reconstruction accounting for phasediversity information. Here a brief update is given of the instruments and the data reduction techniques, which includes an inversion of the polarimetric data. Mainly those aspects that evolved compared with the first flight are described. A tabular overview of the observations is given. In addition, an example time series of a part of the emerging active region NOAA AR. 11768 observed relatively close to disk center is described and discussed in some detail. The observations cover the pores in the trailing polarity of the active region, as well as the polarity inversion line where flux emergence was ongoing and a small flare-like brightening occurred in the course of the time series. The pores are found to contain magnetic field strengths ranging up to 2500 G, and while large pores are clearly darker and cooler than the quiet Sun in all layers of the photosphere, the temperature and brightness of small pores approach or even exceed those of the quiet Sun in the upper photosphere.</P>
SUNRISE: INSTRUMENT, MISSION, DATA, AND FIRST RESULTS
Solanki, S. K.,Barthol, P.,Danilovic, S.,Feller, A.,Gandorfer, A.,Hirzberger, J.,Riethmü,ller, T. L.,Schü,ssler, M.,Bonet, J. A.,Pillet, V. Martí,nez,del Toro Iniesta, J. C.,Domingo, V. IOP Publishing 2010 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.723 No.2