작업환경측정이 작업환경개선에 미치는 효과

함정오,안규동,황규윤,이병국,이성수,정두신 가톨릭대학산업의학센타 산업의학연구소 1992 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.31 No.3

To investigate the effect of environmental measurement on the improvement of working condition in small and medium sized industries and to evaluate the usefulness of this measurement which is covered by Occupational Safety and Health Act for the protection of workers from hazardous working condition, authors selected 107 small and medium sized manufacturing industries mainly from Chunan area and partly from lead using industries which were in special contract of agent specific occupational health service with Institute of Industrial Medicine, Soonchunhyang University. Environmental measurements were provided twice in interval of 6 months to study industries. At the end of second measurement questionnaires were collected to check the usefulness of this measurement for the workers and industries itself. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Out of 107 manufacturing industries, the most frequently measured index of harmful agent in environmental measurement was noise, and the next indices were dust, organic solvents and special chemicals in descending order. While the excess rates of measurement over Permissible Exposure Level(PEL) in the first measurement were 19.3% in noise, 22.8% in dust, 14.3% I organic solvents and 20.3% in special chemicals measurement, those in second measurement were 26.0% in noise, 14.7% in dust, 10.0% in organic solvents and 29.5% in special chemicals measurement, respectively. 2. The supply rate of protective equipment and the labeling condition of health and safety poster in the later period of study were improved than early period. 3. Most persons in charge of health and safety management(97.2%) had engaged in other administrative works and only 2.8% of study industries had independent occupational safety and health personnels who engaged only in health and safety of workers. 4. The purpose of environmental measurement answered by the eligible of persons each industries was to report at the regional office of labor affair. Only 7 out of 107 industries answered that their measurements were for the real improvement of working condition and 3 industries for the fulfilment of requirement of trade union. 5. While 86.0% in industries (92/107) felt the report of environmental measurement was helpful to set up protective equipment program to prevent workers from harmful condition, 66.4% in industries answered that it was useful for the establishment of health education program. The measurement of environmental conditions were also useful for the installation of ventilatory system of workplace, for the isolation of work process and for the improvement of work process. But 8.4% in industries answered that it was not useful at all.

Run-off Impact Assessment of the Steeped Cornfield to Small Stream

Shin, Joung-Du,Lee, Jong-Sik,Kim, Won-Il,Jung, Goo-Bok,So, Kyu-Ho,Lee, Jung-Teak,Lee, Myong-Sun The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture 2005 한국환경농학회지 Vol.24 No.4

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutrient loss and to assess the eutrophication into small stream by intensive rains in the steeped cornfield during cultivation. The crop cultivated was a soiling com (DW5969), and the experimental plots were divided into two parts that were 10 and 18% of slope degrees. The amount of T-N and T-P loss was calculated by analysis of surface run-off water quality, and was investigated the effect of eutrophication to small stream as a part of life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology application. For the surface run-off water quality, EC and T-N values were highest in first runoff event as compared to the other events and maintained the stage state with litter variations at every hour during the runoff period except for EC in the slope 18%. However, T-P concentration has been a transient stage after runoff event of July 27. Total surface run-off ratio was not significantly different with slope degrees, but amount of T-N and T-P losses at 18% of slope were high as $5.96kg\;ha^{-1}\;and\;0.65kg\;ha^{-1}$ as relative to 10% of slope degree, respectively. Furthermore, T-N losses from run-off water in the sloped cornfield 10 and 18% were approximately 9.8 and 12.5% of the N applied as fertilizer when the fertilizer applied at recommended rates after soil test, respectively. For the eutrophication impact to the small stream, it was shown that $PO_4$ equivalence and Eco-indicator value at 18% of slope degree were greater as much $6.11kg\;ha^{-1}$ and 0.81 as compared to the slope angle 10%, respectively. Therefore, it was appeared that each effect of nutrient losses, eutrophication and Eco-indicator value was enhanced according with higher slope degree.

HBV DNA level at 24 weeks is the best predictor of virological response to adefovir add-on therapy in patients with lamivudine resistance.

Shin, Jung Woo,Jung, Seok Won,Park, Bo Ryung,Kim, Chang Jae,Eum, Jun Bum,Kim, Byung Gyu,Du Jeong, In,Bang, Sung-Jo,Park, Neung Hwa International Medical Press 2012 ANTIVIRAL THERAPY Vol.17 No.2

<P>The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between HBV DNA levels at baseline and on-treatment and the virological response at 96 weeks after adefovir add-on therapy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with lamivudine resistance.</P>

Association of Adherence to Entecavir or Tenofovir Therapy with Cirrhotic Complications in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Continuous Virologic Response

( Hee Jung Jun ),( Seung Bum Lee ),( Neung Hwa Park ),( Bo Ryung Park ),( Seok Won Jung ),( Jae Ho Park ),( Byung Gyu Kim ),( In Du Jeong ),( Sung-jo Bang ),( Jung Woo Shin ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with oral antiviral agents, especially the first line ones entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir (TDF), reduces the incidence of liver-related events (LREs), namely, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cirrhotic complications and mortality. However, CHB patients with continuous virologic suppression under oral antiviral therapy are still at higher risk of developing cirrhotic complications. The aim of this study was to investigate risk predictors for development of LREs in patients with continuous virologic response (CVR). Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 1362 CHB patients with CVR, treated with ETV (n=717) or TDF (n=645) therapy for >1 year. CVR was defined as having HBV DNA persistently undetectable throughout the treatment period, after achieving a virologic response (HBV DNA <12 IU/mL). The cumulative level of adherence to medication was categorized as good (=90%) or poor (<90%). Results: During the median 3.7-year follow-up period (range, 1.0-10.0 years), 67 patients (4.9%) developed HCC, 14 patients (1.0%) died, and 88 patients (6.5%) developed cirrhotic complications. Multivariate analyses showed that cirrhosis at baseline, male, age, adherence rate and albumin level were significantly factors for LREs. Patients with poor adherence increased their risk of developing HCC by 2.5-fold (95 % CI, 1.507-4.386; P<0.001) and cirrhotic complications by 2.6-fold (95% CI, 1.603-4.055; P<0.001). Conclusions: In addition to known risk factors (e.g. cirrhosis, age and sex), adherence was strong predictive factor for HCC and cirrhotic complications. Our study raises important clinical implications, emphasizing the benefits of adherence and the substantial harm of nonadherence to ETV or TDF therapy for patients with CHB.

Medication Nonadherence Increases Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Cirrhotic Complications and Mortality in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Treated with Entecavir

( Hee Jung Jun ),( Jung Woo Shin ),( Seok Won Jung ),( Seung Bum Lee ),( Bo Ryung Park ),( Jae Ho Park ),( Byung Gyu Kim ),( In Du Jeong ),( Sung-jo Bang ),( Neung Hwa Park ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Optimal adherence to nucleoside analogue treatment is necessary to achieve undetectable levels of HBV DNA in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and to prevent cirrhotic complications. However, no large long-term follow-up study has investigated the effect of adherence to entecavir (ETV) treatment on specific liver-related events (LREs), namely, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cirrhotic complications and mortality. Methods: This was a 10-year longitudinal observational study of treatment-naïve patients with CHB who received ETV treatment. The primary outcome was the cumulative probability of LREs. The cumulative level of adherence to medication was categorized as good (≥90%) or poor (<90%). Results: Data from 894 treatment-naïve CHB patients who received ETV were analyzed. Overall mean adherence rates were 89.1%. Patients with poor adherence had a higher risk of virologic breakthrough (VBT) (HR, 22.42; 95% CI, 19.57- 52.52; P<0.001) than those with good adherence. Multivariate analyses showed a higher risk of liver-related (HR, 14.29; 95% CI, 3.49-58.47; P<0.001) or all-cause (HR, 4.96; 95% CI, 2.19-11.27; P<0.001) mortality, HCC (HR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.76-4.64; P<0.001) and cirrhotic complications (HR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.93-4.25; P<0.001) with poor adherence. Medication adherence was further stratified into three groups according to adherence rates of <70%, ≥70- <90% and ≥90%. The dose-response analyses of adherence rates showed that the risk of LREs increased progressively as medication adherence declined. In particular, the unfavorable effects of nonadherence were more pronounced in patients with cirrhosis. Conclusions: Poor adherence to medication was associated with a higher mortality and greater risk of HCC and cirrhotic complications, particularly among patients with liver cirrhosis.

Mortality, Liver Transplantation and Hepatic Complications among Patients with Treatment-Naive Chronic Hepatitis B with Entecavir vs. Tenofovir

( Hee Jung Jun ),( Seung Bum Lee ),( Neung Hwa Park ),( Bo Ryung Park ),( Seok Won Jung ),( Jae Ho Park ),( Byung Gyu Kim ),( In Du Jeong ),( Sung-jo Bang ),( Jung Woo Shin ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: There have been limited studies directly comparing the long-term clinical outcomes between entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). This study was aimed to compare the risk of death, liver transplantation or hepatic complications including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatic decompensation between them in treatment-naive chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 1325 consecutive adult patients with CHB, treated with ETV (n=721) or TDF (n=604). Among the patients, 708 were analyzed using propensity score matching with a ratio of 1:1. Results: During a mean follow-up of 49.9 (range 12-122) months, virologic response (HBV DNA negativity) was achieved in the majority (89.5%) of patients. Nine patients (0.7%) died or received a liver transplant, 64 (4.8%) developed HCC, and hepatic decompensation occurred in 24 (1.8%). HCC occurred in 58 (9.5%) among the patients with cirrhosis, whereas in 6 (0.8%) among those without cirrhosis (P<0.001). The ETV groups did not differ compared with TDF group in terms of the risk of liver-related death or LT (HR 0.96; 95% CI, 0.23-4.07; log-rank P=0.955), HCC (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.72-2.56; log-rank P=0.340), and hepatic decompensation (HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 0.67-4.00; log-rank P=0.276), respectively. In the 708 overall propensity-matched pairs, ETV and TDF also associated with a similar risk of death, liver transplantation and hepatic complications. Conclusions: In a retrospective study of 1325 patients with CHB, ETV and TDF therapy did not have different effects on risk of death, HCC, liver transplantation and hepatic decompensation.

Long-Term Clinical Outcome of Tenofovir Therapy in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

( Hee Jung Jun ),( Seung Bum Lee ),( Neung Hwa Park ),( Bo Ryung Park ),( Seok Won Jung ),( Jae Ho Park ),( Byung Gyu Kim ),( In Du Jeong ),( Sung-jo Bang ),( Jung Woo Shin ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: With the availability of potent tenofovir (TDF) therapy, the natural course of chronic hepatitis B has now changed and the risk of liver disease progression has been reduced, slowed down or even reversed. However, little large long-term follow-up study has investigated the effect of TDF treatment on specific liver-related events (LREs), namely, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cirrhotic complications and mortality in Korea. Methods: The primary outcome was the cumulative probability of LREs. LREs were defined as cirrhotic complications (ascites, variceal bleeding, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), hepatic encephalopathy (HE), hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) and LT (liver transplantation)), HCC, and liver-related mortality. Secondary outcomes included virologic response (VR), VBT, maintained virologic response (MVR), HBeAg seroconversion (in HBeAg-positive patients) and HBsAg seroconversion during the on-treatment follow-up period. Results: Data from 900 treatment-naïve CHB patients who received TDF for more than 12 months were analyzed. The median follow-up period during TDF therapy was 34 months (interquartile range [IQR], 21-47 months). The mean age was 50.8±11.2 years, and patients were predominantly male (n=571 [63.4%]). A total of 421 patients (46.8%) had cirrhosis. During follow-up, VR was observed in 795 patients (88.3%). Eighty-nine (9.9%) patients experienced VBT. During treatment period, 20 patients (2.2%) developed HCC, all of whom (20/20, 100%) had cirrhosis at baseline. Overall, 8 patients (0.9%) died during the study period. During follow-up, 27 patients (3.0%) developed cirrhotic complications, of which the most commonly encountered were HCC, followed by ascites (n=8), variceal bleeding (n=6), SBP (n=5), HE (n=4) and HRS (n=2). Conclusions: The effective suppression of HBV replication cannot completely eliminate the risk of HCC and cirrhotic complications, particularly in those with cirrhosis.

Run-off Impact Assessment of the Steeped Cornfield to Small Stream

( Joung Du Shin ),( Jong Sik Lee ),( Won Il Kim ),( Goo Bok Jung ),( Kyu Ho So ),( Jung Teak Lee ),( Myong Sun Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2005 한국환경농학회지 Vol.24 No.4

Long Term Clinical Outcome of Entecavir Therapy in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

( Hee Jung Jun ),( Seung Bum Lee ),( Neung Hwa Park ),( Bo Ryung Park ),( Seok Won Jung ),( Jae Ho Park ),( Byung Gyu Kim ),( In Du Jeong ),( Sung-jo Bang ),( Jung Woo Shin ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: With the availability of potent entecavir (ETV) therapy, the natural course of chronic hepatitis B has now changed and the risk of liver disease progression has been reduced, slowed down or even reversed. However, little large long-term follow-up study has investigated the effect of ETV treatment on specific liver-related events (LREs), namely, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cirrhotic complications and mortality in Korea. Methods: This was a 10-year longitudinal observational study of treatment-naïve patients with CHB who received ETV treatment. The primary outcome was the cumulative probability of LREs. LREs were defined as cirrhotic complications (ascites, variceal bleeding, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), hepatic encephalopathy (HE), hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) and LT (liver transplantation)), HCC, and liver-related mortality. Results: Data from 1,288 treatment-naïve CHB patients who received ETV were analyzed. The median follow-up period during ETV therapy was 5.4 years (interquartile range [IQR], 3.1-7.6 years). The mean age was 52.3±10.9 years, and patients were predominantly male (n=896 [69.6%]). A total of 649 patients (50.4%) had cirrhosis. During follow-up, VR was observed in 1096 patients (85.4%). One hundred sixty-nine (13.1%) patients experienced VBT, of whom 29 (2.9%) developed ETV-resistant mutations. During the median 5.4-year follow-up period (range, 1.0-10.0 years), 99 patients (7.7%) developed HCC, the majority of whom (96/99, 97.0%) had cirrhosis at baseline. Overall, 17 patients (1.3%) died during the study period. During follow-up, 165 patients (12.8%) developed cirrhotic complications, of which the most commonly encountered were HCC, followed by ascites (n=84), variceal bleeding (n=29), HE (n=21), SBP (n=21) and HRS (n=3). Conclusions: The effective suppression of HBV replication cannot completely eliminate the risk of HCC and cirrhotic complications, particularly in those with cirrhosis. Therefore, regular LREs surveillance is still needed even if undetectable HBV DNA is achieved.

경작지 바이오매스 종류에 따른 바이오가스 생산량 산정

신중두 ( Joung Du Shin ),홍승길 ( Seung Gil Hong ),정대성 ( Dae Sung Jung ),원대정 ( Dae Jung Won ),김진호 ( Jin Ho Kim ),박우균 ( Woo Kyun Park ),강기경 ( Kee Kyung Kang ) 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 Vol.2011 No.-