The effect of water status on productive and fl owering variables in young ‘Arbequina’ olive trees under limited irrigation water availability in a semiarid region of Chile

Víctor Beyá-Marshall,Julio Herrera,Thomas Fichet,Eduardo R. Trentacoste,Cristián Kremer 한국원예학회 2018 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.59 No.6

The intense drought aff ecting olive production in Northern Chile underscores the need to research non-traditional irrigationstrategies to obtain the best crop performance. Accordingly, this study aimed to obtain preliminary data to guide futureresearch on this topic. Diff erent water replenishment levels on crop evapotranspiration (ET c ; 13.5, 27.0, 40.5, and 54%)were established in a young orchard, cv. Arbequina, from the end of fruit drop (EFD) to full bloom in the next season. Weevaluated the infl uence of plant water status (Ψ stem ) and crop load, considered as function of fruit number divided by trunkcross-sectional area, on reproductive and productive variables using multiple linear regressions. Our results show that cropload and Ψ stem measured from EFD to harvest affected yield components. Nevertheless, Ψ stem had the strongest infl uenceon fruit size, pulp development, oil accumulation, and yield. Oil content and yield were reduced by 54% and 50% for eachMPa, respectively, from Ψ stem EFD-H − 1.8 MPa, an effect that intensifi ed as crop load increased. During the period of fl owerdevelopment (September–November), the number of flowers per infl orescence and percentage of perfect flowers were reducedwhen Ψ stem was less than − 2.0 MPa. These preliminary results showed that bud differentiation, infl orescence and flowerformation are highly sensitive to water deficit. The intense drought aff ecting olive production in Northern Chile underscores the need to research non-traditional irrigationstrategies to obtain the best crop performance. Accordingly, this study aimed to obtain preliminary data to guide futureresearch on this topic. Diff erent water replenishment levels on crop evapotranspiration (ET c ; 13.5, 27.0, 40.5, and 54%)were established in a young orchard, cv. Arbequina, from the end of fruit drop (EFD) to full bloom in the next season. Weevaluated the infl uence of plant water status (Ψ stem ) and crop load, considered as function of fruit number divided by trunkcross-sectional area, on reproductive and productive variables using multiple linear regressions. Our results show that cropload and Ψ stem measured from EFD to harvest affected yield components. Nevertheless, Ψ stem had the strongest infl uenceon fruit size, pulp development, oil accumulation, and yield. Oil content and yield were reduced by 54% and 50% for eachMPa, respectively, from Ψ stem EFD-H − 1.8 MPa, an effect that intensifi ed as crop load increased. During the period of fl owerdevelopment (September–November), the number of flowers per infl orescence and percentage of perfect fl owers were reducedwhen Ψ stem was less than − 2.0 MPa. These preliminary results showed that bud differentiation, infl orescence and flower formation are highly sensitive to water deficit.

Relationship between Body Mass Index and Complications during the First 45 Days after Primary Total Hip and Knee Replacement: A Single-Center Study from South America

Andrés Correa-Valderrama,Willy Stangl-Herrera,Andrés Echeverry-Vélez,Erika Cantor,Tamy Ron-Translateur,Julio Cesar Palacio-Villegas 대한정형외과학회 2019 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.11 No.2

Background: The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and early complications of total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR). Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients who underwent primary THR and TKR between January 2011 and December 2015. We included patients between 18 and 90 years of age with BMI less than 40 kg/m2 with a minimal postoperative follow-up time of 45 days. The primary outcomes were the presence of infection, mechanical complications (dislocation, fractures, arthrofibrosis, or neuropraxia), and thromboembolic events. Overweight and obesity were defined as a BMI of 25–29.9 kg/m2 and ≥ 30 kg/m2, respectively. Results: In total 750 patients were included (THR, 268; TKR, 482) with a mean age of 65.0 ± 12.4 years. The percentage of patients with normal weight, overweight, and obesity was 24.9% (n = 187), 41.7% (n = 313), and 33.4% (n = 250), respectively. The early complication rate was 8.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.1% to 11.2%). Infection and mechanical complications were most prevalent. There was no statistically significant relationship between the incidence of complications and BMI (obesity vs. normal weight: hazard ratio [HR], 1.49; 95% CI, 0.72 to 3.06; p = 0.282); however, there was a tendency toward a greater risk of infectious complications in the patients with obesity (HR, 6.08; 95% CI, 0.75 to 49.16; p = 0.090). Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) had more risk of infectious complications than those without DM (HR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.00 to 6.79). Conclusions: There was no statistical relationship between BMI and early complications of THR and TKR. Nonetheless, there was a tendency toward a higher risk of infection in patients with some degree of obesity.

Blanching at Low Temperatures

Cristobal Noe Aguilar,Raul Rodriguez-Herrera,Julio Cesar Monta?ez-Saenz,Maria de la Luz Reyes-Vega,Juan Carlos Contreras-Esquivel 한국식품과학회 2004 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.13 No.1

Acute and Repeated 28-Day Oral Dose Toxicity Studies of Thymus vulgaris L. Essential Oil in Rats

Juan Rojas Armas,Jorge Arroyo-Acevedo,Manuel Ortiz-Sánchez,Miriam Palomino-Pacheco,Américo Castro-Luna,Norma Ramos-Cevallos,Hugo Justil-Guerrero,Julio Hilario-Vargas,Oscar Herrera-Calderón 한국독성학회 2019 Toxicological Research Vol.35 No.3

Thymus vulgaris L. is widely used as an ingredient in cooking and in herbal medicine. However, there is little information about its toxicity. The present study was performed to evaluate the acute and repeated 28-day oral dose toxicity of thyme essential oil in rats. For the acute toxicity test, two groups of three rats were used. The rats received a single dose of essential oil: 300 or 2,000 mg/kg of body weight (bw). The rats were observed individually during the first four hours, and then daily until day 14. For the toxicity test with repeated doses, four groups of 10 rats were used. Doses of 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg/day were tested for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, blood was collected and the animals were sacrificed. Histopathological examination showed that in the lungs of rats given the 2,000 mg/kg bw dose, polymorph nuclear infiltrates, hemosiderin macrophages, and interstitial space thickening were present. In the repeated dose study, all rats survived the 28-day treatment period and apparently showed no signs of toxicity. The hematological and biochemical parameters were not altered. The histopathological study of the organs showed severe changes in the lung, with the dose of 500 mg/kg/day; in the other organs, no alterations were observed or the changes were slight. The body weight was only altered in male rats given the 500 mg/kg dose. The relative weight of the organs did not show any significant changes. Our studies revealed that the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris has moderate oral toxicity according to the results of the acute test, whereas the results of the 28-day oral toxicity test suggest that the no-observed-adverse effect level (NOAEL) is greater than 250 mg/kg/day.

Acute and Repeated 28-Day Oral Dose Toxicity Studies of Thymus vulgaris L. Essential Oil in Rats

Rojas-Armas, Juan,Arroyo-Acevedo, Jorge,Ortiz-Sanchez, Manuel,Palomino-Pacheco, Miriam,Castro-Luna, Americo,Ramos-Cevallos, Norma,Justil-Guerrero, Hugo,Hilario-Vargas, Julio,Herrera-Calderon, Oscar Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2019 Toxicological Research Vol.35 No.3

Thymus vulgaris L. is widely used as an ingredient in cooking and in herbal medicine. However, there is little information about its toxicity. The present study was performed to evaluate the acute and repeated 28-day oral dose toxicity of thyme essential oil in rats. For the acute toxicity test, two groups of three rats were used. The rats received a single dose of essential oil: 300 or 2,000 mg/kg of body weight (bw). The rats were observed individually during the first four hours, and then daily until day 14. For the toxicity test with repeated doses, four groups of 10 rats were used. Doses of 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg/day were tested for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, blood was collected and the animals were sacrificed. Histopathological examination showed that in the lungs of rats given the 2,000 mg/kg bw dose, polymorph nuclear infiltrates, hemosiderin macrophages, and interstitial space thickening were present. In the repeated dose study, all rats survived the 28-day treatment period and apparently showed no signs of toxicity. The hematological and biochemical parameters were not altered. The histopathological study of the organs showed severe changes in the lung, with the dose of 500 mg/kg/day; in the other organs, no alterations were observed or the changes were slight. The body weight was only altered in male rats given the 500 mg/kg dose. The relative weight of the organs did not show any significant changes. Our studies revealed that the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris has moderate oral toxicity according to the results of the acute test, whereas the results of the 28-day oral toxicity test suggest that the no-observed-adverse effect level (NOAEL) is greater than 250 mg/kg/day.