LAS AGUAFUERTES PORTENAS DE ROBERTO ARLT

Martinez, Julio 한국서어서문학회 1999 스페인어문학 Vol.15 No.1

El objeto de este arti´culo es acercar al lector la imagen literaria de la sociedad del Buenos Aires de principios de siglo a trave´s de la mirada de Roberto Arlt profundizando en el eatudio de sus Aguafuertes Porten~as. Para ello, hemos analizado la antologi´a Nuevas Aguafuertes, publieada por la editorial Losada en Buenos Aires, en 1975. Las Aguafuertes Portern~as aparecieron en el diario de Buenos Aires El Mundo entre el 14 de agosto de 1928 y julio de 1942, fecha de su muerte. La extensio´n de estas notas debi´a ser de novecentas palabras pero se pueden apreciar diferencias notables. Su estructura es obviamente periodi´stica: hay una presentacio´n del tema, el desarrollo del mismo y una conclusio´n que puede aer tema´tica o algu´n tipo de conaejo dirigido al lector. Las presentaciones de los temas se hacen de diferentes maneras: la simple enunciacio´n del mismo; una frase chocante que atraiga el intere´s del lector; in media res, ea decir, exponiendo sus reflexiones desde el principio sin previa presentacio´n; la contestacio´n a una carta de un lector o mediante una ane´cdota personal que da pie a la reflexio´n. Tambie´n encontramos algu´n arti´culo en forma de sketch teatral, alguna meditacio´n poe´tics a incluso uno dedicado a los problemas de eseritura que plantea la confeccio´n de un arti´culo. En cuanto a los temas, se pueden agrupar en torno a un eje: Buenos Aires y sus habitantes. La geografia urbana esta ampliamente representada por un sinfi´n de calles que no son simples direcciones sino que aparecen vivamente retratadas ofreciendo una imagen personal de Buenoa Aires. En ellas podemos ver los cafe´s, locales comerciales, puestos callejeros, conventillos y el deambular de toda la fauna de la ciudad. Esta fauna es el principal terra de reflexio´n de Arlt. El Buenos Aires de los an~os veinte se componi´a fundamentalmente de inmigrantes de todas las naconaldades eurapeas. Por sus pa´ginas vemos desfilar a buscadores de pensio´n, cerveceros alemanes, moribundos, comadres, borrachos, poli´ticos sin escru´pulos, parados, jugadares, viajeros empleados y ladrones. Estos son los que protagonzan alguna de las notas estudiadas pero en ellas aparecen ma´s de sesenta tipos diferentes de personas de todas las nacionalidades. Nos parece indicado resaltar dos locales comerciales de gran intere´s literario. El primero es el cafe´ que pare Arlt es el nu´icleo de la vide social bonaerense tanto a nivel de barrio como de tertulia cultural. En el arti´culo Canning y Rivera vemos una gran similitud con el arti´culo El cafe´ de M. J. De Larra, lo que lo hace fiel continuador de la tradicio´n periodi´stica espan~ola. El segundo es la carnicri´a. Su descripcio´n nos remite al gran cla´sico de la literatura argentina El matadero de Echevarri´a. En Rosmari´n busca la felicidad resuena poderosamente la figura de Rasko´lnikov, protagonista de Crimen y castigo de Dostoyevski. Estas claras influencias y las muchas citas de autores europeos y argentinos desmienten la falta de preparacio´n achacada a Arlt por gran parte de la cri´tica. En este u´ltimo arti´culo, podemos ver una recomendacio´n arltiana para convertirse en escrtor : Leer mucho. Pensar ma´s (·) Y escribir todos lox di´as. Se tanga ganas o no. Esta recomendacio´n aleja a Arlt de la imagen de escritor descuidado que e´1 mismo cultivo´ en mochas ocasiones y la cri´tica ha aceptado de forma que no nos parece muy ngurosa. Fiel a su ma´xima de tratar de escribir como se habla , el estilo de estas notas es muy coloquial. Hay un continuo use dal lunfardo y dal voseo que lo alejan de otros escritores argentinos de la e´poca que utilizaban un espan~ol muy esta´nder. Algunos an~os ma´s tarde, Jorge Luis Borges intentari´a algo parecido pero su lenguaje resulta mucho ma´s artificial y sus tipos no tienen la fuerza de los personajes de Arlt. Tambie´n encontramos muchos italianismos, anglicismos y galicismos, muy propios en la lengua porten~a de esta e´poca. Su sintaxis es deliberadamente simple. Frases muy cortas en las que podemos apreciar la influencia de su admirado Baraja. Como rasgos estilisticos ma´s caracteri´sticos podemos destacar la ironi´a y el hipe´rbaton que lo acercan a otro de sus maestros: Quevedo. En conclusio´n, podemos decir que sus arti´culos son como el Bueno Aires de la e´poca, y cito al propio Arlt"... un desfile humano interminable. Babel de todas las razes

Public opinion and the end of apartheid

Julio F Carrión,Stuart J. Kaufman 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2018 International Area Studies Review Vol.21 No.2

Why did whites in South Africa come to support the dismantling of the apartheid system that gave them a monopoly of political power? We use a reformulated version of symbolic politics to address this puzzle, showing that white attitudes toward political change were primarily driven by symbolic predispositions regarding race, ideology, party, and specific leaders, as well as various sorts of threat perceptions. Strong attachments to the National Party and de Klerk, low perceptions of threat, more tolerant racial attitudes, and more socially and politically liberal values increased the likelihood of whites supporting policies consistent with the ending of apartheid. We also find that assessments of the economy, both personal and national, have no influence on this attitude. We use South Africa’s Human Sciences Research Council data collected during the crucial 1991–1992 period.

Inhibition of cancer cell growth and migration by dihydroxynaphthyl aryl ketones

Julio Benites,Jaime A. Valderrama,David Ríos,Rosalba Lagos,Octavio Monasterio,Pedro Buc Calderon,Pedro Buc Calderon 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2016 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.12 No.3

Dihydroxynaphthyl aryl ketones 1-5 exhibit activity as tubulin polymerization inhibitors by targeting the colchicine binding site of microtubules making them potential anticancer drugs. Therefore, analogues 1-5 have been evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against the cancer cell lines DU-145 (prostate), T24 (bladder) and MCF-7 (breast). Notable differences in biological activity were observed for compounds 1-5, most likely related to the nature of the aryl substituent bonded to the carbonyl group. Among the tested compounds, only compound 5 showed selectivity for cancer cells over healthy, non-transformed cells. T24 cancer cells treated with compound 5 presented a concentration-dependent decrease in cell proliferation and a loss of migration ability. The cytotoxicity of compounds 1-5 on the selected cell-based assays is discussed in terms of it lipophilicity and polarizability parameters.

Biochemical and Textural Changes in Potato Tissue during Water Immersion at Low Temperatures

Julio Cesar Montanez-Saenz,Jose Ortiz-Cisneros,Maria Reyes-Vega,Juan Carlos Contreras-Esquivel,Cristobal Noe Aguilar 한국식품과학회 2003 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.12 No.3

Ureteral catheters for colorectal surgery: Influence on operative times and complication outcomes: An observational study

Julio T. Chong,Kathleen M. Kan,Courtney K. Phillips,Alexander Greenstein 대한비뇨의학회 2018 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.59 No.3

Purpose: Placement of pre-operative ureteral catheters for colorectal surgery can aid in the identification of ureteral injuries. This study investigates whether simultaneous ureteral catheterization with surgery skin preparation can minimize operating room times without increasing post-operative complications. Materials and Methods: Patients undergoing simultaneous colorectal surgery skin preparation and placement of pre-operative ureteral catheters (n=21) were compared to those who underwent these events sequentially (n=28). Operative time-points of anesthesia ready (AR), surgery procedure start (PS), dorsal lithotomy and catheter insertion (CI) times were compared to assess for differences between groups. Complications were compared between groups. Results: There were no differences in age, gender, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), comorbidities, current procedure terminology (CPT) or International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision (ICD-9) codes between groups. Simultaneous catheterization saved 11.82 minutes of operative time between CI to PS (p=0.005, t-test). There was a significant difference in mean time between CI to PS (11.82 minutes, p=0.008) between simultaneous and sequential ureteral catheterization groups in a linear regression multivariate analysis controlling for age, BMI, CPT and ICD-9 codes. There were 4 complications in the simultaneous (19%) and 3 in the sequential group (11%) (p=0.68). Conclusions: Ureteral catheterization and colorectal surgery skin preparation in a simultaneous fashion decreases the time between CI and PS without significant increase in complications. Mean time saved with simultaneous ureteral catheterization was 11.82 minutes per case. Simultaneous ureteral catheterization may be an option in colorectal surgery and may result in cost savings without additional complications.

Characterization of nucleotide-induced changes on the quaternary structure of human 70 kDa heat shock protein Hsp70.1 by analytical ultracentrifugation

Julio C. Borges,Carlos H. I. Ramos 한국생화학분자생물학회 2009 BMB Reports Vol.42 No.3

FRP DECK AND STEEL GIRDER BRIDGE SYSTEM : Analysis and Design

( Julio F. Davalos ),( An Chen ),( Pizhong Qiao ),박재우 ( Park Jai-woo ) 한국복합신소재구조학회 2016 복합신소재학회논문집 Vol.7 No.3

The (un)intended Effects of Regulatory Burden on Policy Effectiveness: The Case of Regulations Targeting NGOs

Julio C. Zambrano-Gutiérrez,Claudia N. Avellaneda 서울대학교행정대학원 2022 Journal of Policy Studies Vol.37 No.1

Existing studies see foreign donors as (a) brokers between sustainable development goals (SDGs) and aid-recipient countries’ needs, or (b) intruders into aid-recipient countries’ internal affairs. The intruder view has triggered regulations of NGOs (nongovernmental organizations) in aid-recipient countries. However, little is known, empirically, about how foreign donors respond to regulatory burden. We suggest regulatory burden adds uncertainty and turbulence to the operating context, negatively affecting government effectiveness in securing aid. This negative effect is moderated by the number of foreign donors operating in a jurisdiction. Propositions are tested in a data set derived from the 221 Ecuadorian municipalities during 2007-2018. Findings suggest regulations of NGOs have decreased municipalities’ ability to secure international cooperation. This negative effect is larger in municipalities with a higher presence of donor supply. These results encourage policy makers to consider counterproductive costs of overregulating foreign NGOs and other civil society organizations when designing regulatory tools.

Analytical, experimental and numerical study of timber-concrete composite beams for bridges

Julio C. Molina,Carlito Calil Junior,Diego R. de Oliveira,Nádia B. Gomes 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2019 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.24 No.2

In this study, the strength and stiffness (EI) of wood-concrete composite beams for bridges with T-shaped cross section were evaluated. Two types of connectors were used: connectors bonded with epoxy adhesive and connectors attached to the wood just by pre-drilling (without adhesive). The connectors consisted of common steel bars with a diameter of 12.5 mm. Initially, the strength and stiffness (EI) of the beams were analyzed by bending tests with the load applied at the third point of the beam. Subsequently, the composite beams were evaluated by numerical simulation using ANSYS software with focus on the connection system. To make the composite beams, Eucalyptus citriodora wood and medium strength concrete were used. The slip modulus K and the ultimate strength values of each type of connector were obtained by direct shear tests performed on composite specimens. The results showed that the connector glued with epoxy adhesive resulted in better strength and stiffness (EI) for the composite beams when compared to the connector fixed by pre-drilling. The differences observed were up to 10%. The strength and stiffness (EI) values obtained analytically by Möhler’ model were lower than the values obtained experimentally from the bending tests, and the differences were up to 25%. The numerical simulations allowed, with reasonable approximation, the evaluation of stress distributions in the composite beams tested experimentally.

Ecological risk by potentially toxic elements in surface sediments of the Lake Maracaibo (Venezuela)

Julio Marin,Marinela Colina,Hilda Ledo,P.H.E. Gardiner 대한환경공학회 2022 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.27 No.4

The evaluation of potential ecological risk of aquatic sediments associated with the presence of potentially toxic elements (PTE) determines its degree of danger on native biota. In this work, the potential ecological risk of V, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Sn, Hg and Pb in superficial sediments is explained in three different areas of Lake Maracaibo: El Tablazo Bay, Strait of Maracaibo and the lake itself, through a multi-guideline approach (elemental enrichment (enrichment factor, contamination degree, pollutant load index and geo-accumulation index), sediment quality guidelines and risk assessment code). The PTE levels ranged from 〈 0.025 to 176.722 mg·kg<SUP>−1</SUP> DW, with an overall proportion of V 〉Ti 〉 Pb 〉 Zn 〉 Cr 〉 Cu 〉 Ni 〉As 〉 Cd 〉 Se 〉 Hg 〉 Sn. The PTE concurrent effect on biota was El Tablazo Bay 〉 lake 〉 Strait of Maracaibo. The superficial sediments of Lake Maracaibo constitute a medium with a high potential ecological risk on estuarine biota. This is mainly due to the levels of As in El Tablazo Bay, Cd in the Strait of Maracaibo and Pb in the lake area. This represents a latent toxicity hazard for native biological communities and other associated organisms.