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Economic Paradiplomacy of Canadian provinces in North America
Jorge Virchez(Jorge Virchez ),Roberto Zepeda(Roberto Zepeda ) 한국캐나다학회 2017 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.23 No.2
This article analyzes the international relations of the Canadian provinces in recent decades, especially observing exports and imports with the United States and Mexico, but also in the international arena. The analysis is conducted both from a national and subnational perspective, considering economic patterns and trends. In the same way, we observe the productive activities and the most relevant industries in the economy of the Canadian provinces and their connection with international markets. The aim of this article is to examine the economic relations and international activities of Canadian provinces. We concentrate on the cases of Ontario, Quebec, Alberta and British Columbia. Economic integration in North America has paved the way to other forms of cooperation between subnational governments on diverse topics, through diverse regional organizations and through international agreements.
Spinal Gunshot Wounds: Pattern and Associated Lesions in Civilians
Jorge Arturo Cabrera Escamilla,Jorge Álvaro González Ross,José Manuel Pérez Atanasio,Gustavo Casas Martínez,Arelhi González Cisneros,Jose Jimenez Avila 대한척추외과학회 2018 Asian Spine Journal Vol.12 No.4
Study Design: Retrospective, descriptive case series study. Purpose: To investigate the frequency, bone pattern, and associated lesions to the spine of gunshot wounds. Overview of Literature: Gunshot wounds are penetrating in nature and are caused by a bullet or projectile. These are becoming more common and are associated with significant sequelae, requiring long and costly multidisciplinary treatment. Associated spinal cord injuries (SCIs) in the civilian population represent 13%–17% of all spinal traumas. Spinal gunshot wounds are commonly thought to be stable; however, there is potential acute and chronic spinal instability if the bullet passes transversely, fracturing either both pedicles or both facet joints. Methods: We obtained data from the clinical files of patients with spinal gunshot wounds treated by spine surgeons. We performed a statistical analysis to obtain the pattern and frequency of the injuries. Results: We included 54 patients (48 men [89%] and six women [11%]). Eight patterns of spinal gunshot wounds were identified; 61% (33 patients) had complete SCI. The thoracic spine was most frequently affected, with 88% of patients having SCI; 75%, hemopneumothorax; 28%, pulmonary lesions; and 16%, hepatic lesions. The presence of pedicle fractures had an odds ratio of 3.64 for SCI. Conclusions: The two main bone patterns are the vertebral body and posterior arch with pedicle fractures as modifiers, given that they are at a high risk for SCI. The spinal pattern and associated lesions were related to the bullet’s path, with the vertebral body having the highest frequency of associated lesions. Vertebral body burst fracture was the main indication for instrumentation.
( Jorge Frias ),( Duarte Toubarro ),( Alexandra Fraga ),( Claudia Botelho ),( Jose Teixeira ),( Jorge Pedrosa ),( Nelson Simoes ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2021 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.31 No.2
Fibrinolytic enzymes with a direct mechanism of action and safer properties are currently requested for thrombolytic therapy. This paper reports on a new enzyme capable of degrading blood clots directly without impairing blood coagulation. This enzyme is also non-cytotoxic and constitutes an alternative to other thrombolytic enzymes known to cause undesired side effects. Twenty-four Bacillus isolates were screened for production of fibrinolytic enzymes using a fibrin agar plate. Based on produced activity, isolate S127e was selected and identified as B. subtilis using the 16S rDNA gene sequence. This strain is of biotechnological interest for producing high fibrinolytic yield and consequently has potential in the industrial field. The purified fibrinolytic enzyme has a molecular mass of 27.3 kDa, a predicted pI of 6.6, and a maximal affinity for Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe. This enzyme was almost completely inhibited by chymostatin with optimal activity at 48℃ and pH 7. Specific subtilisin features were found in the gene sequence, indicating that this enzyme belongs to the BPN group of the S8 subtilisin family and was assigned as AprE127. This subtilisin increased thromboplastin time by 3.7% (37.6 to 39 s) and prothrombin time by 3.2% (12.6 to 13 s), both within normal ranges. In a whole blood euglobulin assay, this enzyme did not impair coagulation but reduced lysis time significantly. Moreover, in an in vitro assay, AprE127 completely dissolved a thrombus of about 1 cc within 50 min and, in vivo, reduced a thrombus prompted in a rat tail by 11.4% in 24 h compared to non-treated animals.
Jorge A. Gonzalez-y-Merchand,Ruben Zaragoza-Contreras,Rosalina Guadarrama-Medina,Addy C. Helguera-Repetto,Sandra Rivera-Gutierrez,Jorge F. Cerna-Cortes,Leopoldo Santos-Argumedo,Robert A. Cox 한국미생물학회 2012 The journal of microbiology Vol.50 No.3
The study of the in vitro cell growth of mycobacteria still remains a fastidious, difficult, and time-consuming procedure. In addition, assessing mycobacterial growth in the laboratory is often complicated by cell aggregation and slow growth-rate. We now report that the use of a stainless steel spring in the culture led to an absence of large cell clumps, to a decrease of dead cells in the exponential phase and to growth of a more homogeneous population of large cells. We also report that flow cytometry is a rapid, simple and reliable approach to monitor mycobacterial cell growth and viability. Here, we monitored Mycobacterium smegmatis cellular growth by optical density, dry cell mass, and colony forming units; in addition, viability, cell size and granularity profiles were analyzed by flow cytometry, and cell morphology by electron microscopy. Cultures monitored by flow cytometry may lead to a better understanding of the physiology of mycobacteria. Moreover, this methodology may aid in characterizing the cell growth of other fastidious species of microorganisms.
Maria Isabel Sá,nchez Jorge,Jorge Corté,s-Bretó,n Brinkmann,Aranzazu Gonzá,lez Corchó,n,Rosa Acevedo Ocañ,a 대한구강악안면외과학회 2021 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.47 No.4
Hemangioma is a benign tumor characterized by the proliferation of blood vessels. Although it often appears in soft tissues, its occurrence in bone tissue, particularly the mandible, is extremely rare. A 32-year-old female sought attention at the dental clinic complaining of a painless swelling in the posterior region of the left side of the mandible. A panoramic radiograph and computed axial tomography scan were taken, showing honeycomb and sunburst images, respectively, in the affected area. The patient underwent a biopsy, which led to the diagnosis of intraosseous hemangioma. Having assessed the characteristics of the lesion, it was decided to perform complete excision including safety margins, followed by an iliac crest bone graft to reconstruct the mandible. Awareness of the possible clinical and radiographic presentations of intraosseous hemangioma is considered important, as non-diagnosis could have severe consequences given its possible relation to dental structures.
European Integration and the Effects of Country Size on Growth
( Jorg Konig ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2015 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.30 No.3
Does the size of a country affect its economic growth rate? Theory suggests that the existence of a national scale effect is favouring large countries and that small countries may overcome the impediments of smallness once their markets become internationally more integrated. So far, empirical evidence of a distinct impact of country size on economic growth is rather limited. The present study sheds light on this impact from a European perspective. Country size indeed correlates with economic growth and European economic integration enhances the convergence process of the countries. It is further shown that the impact of size varies according to a country’s individual level of economic integration, suggesting that the long-term economic growth path is characterized by multiple transition points. This finding is particularly important given the prevailing imperfections of the European Union Single Market and the increasing number of small European Union member states.
Jorge Ivan Medina Martinez,Kazushi Nakano,Kohji Higuchi 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
This paper describes the parameter estimation and update in neural networks (NN) using a modified version of simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) algorithm in order to obtain a low computational costand better performance in the proposed system here. Also, this SPSA is used as learning rule applied to a neuro-controller (NC). In this paper, we apply a direct inverse control scheme by a NN. The NN must learn an inverse system of the objective plant. When using a type of gradient method as a learning rule of the NN, the Jacobian of the plant is required. On the other hand, this control scheme described here does not require any information about the plant Jacobian, because the modified version of SPSA estimates the gradient using only values of the error defined by output of the plant and its desired one. We propose to reduce the oscillation in the single flexible link used as plant in this paper in order to confirm the feasibility of the proposed method.
A simple anti-windup compensation scheme for systems with rate-limited actuators
Jorge Sofrony,Matthew C.Turner,Postlethwaite 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
This paper proposes a simple anti-windup scheme for linear systems which are asymptoticallys table but which have inputs which are limited in rate. The closed-loop system with these rate-limits and anti-windup compensation is proved to be globally a symptoticallys table and locally exponentiallys table. Furthermore, the L2 gain of a map which is central to the performance of the nonlinear closed-loop system is shown to befinite provided certain conditions are satisfied. One of the no table features of the proposed scheme is that it is exceptionally simple, and can be though to fas, in essence, a modified IMC anti-windup scheme.
Recent Brazilian research on thunderstorm winds and their effects on structural design
Jorge D. Riera,Jacinto Ponte Jr. 한국풍공학회 2012 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.15 No.2
Codes for structural design usually assume that the incident mean wind velocity is parallel to the ground, which constitutes a valid simplification for frequent winds caused by sypnoptic events. Wind effects due to other phenomena, such as thunderstorm downbursts, are simply neglected. In this paper, results of recent and ongoing research on this topic in Brazil are presented. The model of the threedimensional wind velocity field originated from a downburst in a thunderstorm (TS), proposed by Ponte and Riera for engineering applications, is first described. This model allows the generation of a spatially and temporally variable velocity field, which also includes a fluctuating component of the velocity. All parameters are related to meteorological variables, which are susceptible of statistical assessment. An application of the model in the simulation of the wind climate in a region sujected to both EPS and TS winds is discussed next. It is shown that, once the relevant meteorological variables are known, the simulation of the wind excitation for purposes of design of transmission lines, long-span crossings and similar structures is feasible. Complementing the theoretical studies, wind velocity records during a recent TS event in southern Brazil are presented and preliminary conclusions on the validity of the proposed models discussed.