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        The beneficial effect of ginsenosides extracted by pulsed electric field against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in HEK-293 cells

        Liu, Di,Zhang, Ting,Chen, Zhifei,Wang, Ying,Ma, Shuang,Liu, Jiyun,Liu, Jingbo The Korean Society of Ginseng 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.2

        Background: Ginsenosides are the main pharmacological components of Panax ginseng root, which are thought to be primarily responsible for the suppressing effect on oxidative stress. Methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorption capacity were applied to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the ginsenosides. Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells were incubated with ginsenosides extracted by pulsed electric field (PEF) and solvent cold soak extraction (SCSE) for 24 h and then the injury was induced by $40{\mu}M$ $H_2O_2$. The cell viability and surface morphology of HEK-293 cells were studied using MTS assay and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate fluorescent probe assay was used to measure the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species. The intracellular antioxidant activities of ginsenosides were evaluated by cellular antioxidant activity assay in HepG2 cells. Results: The PEF extracts displayed the higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and stronger oxygen radical absorption capacity (with an oxygen radical absorption capacity value of $14.48{\pm}4.04{\mu}M\;TE\;per\;{\mu}g/mL$). The HEK-293 cell model also suggested that the protective effect of PEF extracts was dose-dependently greater than SCSE extracts. Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate assay further proved that PEF extracts are more active (8% higher than SCSE extracts) in reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation. In addition, scanning electron microscopy images showed that the HEK-293 cells, which were treated with PEF extracts, maintained more intact surface morphology. Cellular antioxidant activity values indicated that ginsenosides extracted by PEF had stronger cellular antioxidant activity than SCSE ginsenosides extracts. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the antioxidative effect of ginsenosides extracted by PEF in vitro. Furthermore, rather than SCSE, PEF may be more useful as an alternative extraction technique for the extraction of ginsenosides with enhanced antioxidant activity.

      • KCI등재

        The beneficial effect of ginsenosides extracted by pulsed electric field against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in HEK-293 cells

        Di Liu,Ting Zhang,Zhifei Chen,Ying Wang,Shuang Ma,Jiyun Liu,Jingbo Liu 고려인삼학회 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.2

        Background: Ginsenosides are the main pharmacological components of Panax ginseng root, which are thought to be primarily responsible for the suppressing effect on oxidative stress. Methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorption capacity were applied to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the ginsenosides. Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells were incubated with ginsenosides extracted by pulsed electric field (PEF) and solvent cold soak extraction (SCSE) for 24 h and then the injury was induced by 40mM H2O2. The cell viability and surface morphology of HEK-293 cells were studied using MTS assay and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate fluorescent probe assay was used to measure the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species. The intracellular antioxidant activities of ginsenosides were evaluated by cellular antioxidant activity assay in HepG2 cells. Results: The PEF extracts displayed the higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and stronger oxygen radical absorption capacity (with an oxygen radical absorption capacity value of 14.48 4.04mM TE per mg/mL). The HEK-293 cell model also suggested that the protective effect of PEF extracts was dose-dependently greater than SCSE extracts. Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate assay further proved that PEF extracts are more active (8% higher than SCSE extracts) in reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation. In addition, scanning electron microscopy images showed that the HEK-293 cells, which were treated with PEF extracts, maintained more intact surface morphology. Cellular antioxidant activity values indicated that ginsenosides extracted by PEF had stronger cellular antioxidant activity than SCSE ginsenosides extracts. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the antioxidative effect of ginsenosides extracted by PEF in vitro. Furthermore, rather than SCSE, PEF may be more useful as an alternative extraction technique for the extraction of ginsenosides with enhanced antioxidant activity.

      • KCI등재

        HPLC-UV 방법을 이용한 향부자 분석법 개발과 국산 및 중국산 향부자의 패턴비교

        서지윤(Jiyun Seo),김진아(Jinah Kim),김성건(Sungun Kim),유정(Ting Liu),황완균(Wan Kyunn Whang) 대한약학회 2012 약학회지 Vol.56 No.5

        A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with ultraviolet (UV) method for the simultaneous determination of α-cyperone and nootkatone was developed for the quality control of Cyperus rotundus Linne. The separation was performed on a KR100-5C18 (4.6×250 mm) column, and an elution gradient composed of methanol and water with a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min. Detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. The optimum extraction for the detection of the α-cyperone and nookatone was achieved by ultrasonic with methanol for an hour. Two marker compounds α-cyperone and nootkatone in Cyperi Rhizoma showed good linearity (R2>0.999) in the concentration range of 12.5 μg/ml to 200 μg/ml. The developed method provided satisfactory precision and accuracy with overall intra-day and inter-day variations of 0.04~1.23% and 0.08~0.68%, respectively, and the overall recoveries of 97.45~105.58% for the two compounds analyzed. Additionally, a difference was observed in the cluster analysis and principal component analysis between Cyperi Rhizoma in Korea and China. The result demonstrated that the principal component analysis is useful to distinguish between Cyperi Rhizoma in Korea and China.

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