Assessing South Korea's Compliance with Global Norms on Development Cooperation

Jiyoung Hong(Jiyoung Hong),Heon Joo Jung(Heon Joo Jung),Hyuk-Sang Sohn(Hyuk-Sang Sohn),Geonwoo Park(Geonwoo Park) 한국학술연구원 2022 Korea Observer Vol.53 No.4

Over the last f ive decades, the UN and OECD/DAC have strongly urged member states to comply with global aid norms to improve aid effectiveness. To what extent are the global aid norms actually put in practice in countries that have pledged themselves to comply with these norms? Norm life cycle theory explains the internalization of global norms as legalization, institution-building, and official policies at the national level. This study supplements the norm lifecycle theory by subdividing the process of norm internalization into the policy formation stage and the post-implementation stage at the national level and empirically examines it by employing five criteria: ODA/GNI ratio; aid to LDCs; the ratio of grant to loan; aid-untying; and fragmentation. The results show that some aid norms are well accepted and implemented at both stages while other norms are neither addressed in official aid policies nor put into practice.

Recurrence in patients with totally necrotic nodules of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation: “totally” an inaccurate description

Jiyoung Kim,Suk Kyun Hong,Jae-Yoon Kim,Jaewon Lee,Hyun Hwa Choi,Sola Lee,Su young Hong,Jeong-Moo Lee,YoungRok Choi,Nam-Joon Yi,Kwang-Woong Lee,Kyung-Suk Suh 대한외과학회 2023 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.105 No.1

Purpose: Total necrosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) achieved via locoregional treatment (LRT) is considered to indicate a lack of tumor viability. Nonetheless, there is insufficient evidence of recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) in patients with such a status. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognosis of patients diagnosed with totally necrotic nodules upon explant hepatectomy after LT. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with totally necrotic nodules after LT for HCC. A total of 165 patients with HCC who underwent living- or deceased-donor LT from 2000 to 2020 in our hospital were included. Results: A total of 5 patients (3.0%) exhibited HCC recurrence during a median follow-up of 84 months (range, 4–243 months) after LT. The 5-year overall and recurrence-free survival rates of these patients were 92.8% and 92.2%, respectively. Four patients in the HCC-recurrence group (80.0%) died even after further treatment, including transarterial chemoembolization, surgery, and systemic treatment. Both univariate and multivariate analyses of clinicopathological factors identified a maximum diameter of the totally necrotic nodules of >5 cm as the only factor associated with tumor recurrence following LT (P = 0.005 and P = 0.009, respectively). Conclusion: Total necrosis of HCC via LRT yielded excellent survival outcomes for patients undergoing LT. Nevertheless, patients with large tumors should be considered at high risk of recurrence after LT, suggesting the need for their active surveillance during the follow-up period.

Outcome of Total Necrosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Liver Transplantation: Is It Really Totally Gone?

Jiyoung Kim,Suk Kyun Hong,Sola Lee,Suyoung Hong,Jeong-Moo Lee,YoungRok Choi,Nam-Joon Yi,Kwang-Woong Lee,Kyung-Suk Suh 대한외과학회 2022 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2022 No.11

Depth perception enhancement based on chromostereopsis in a 3D display

Hong, JiYoung,Lee, HoYoung,Park, DuSik,Kim, ChangYeong The Korean Infomation Display Society 2012 Journal of information display Vol.13 No.3

This study was conducted to enhance the cubic effect by representing an image with a sense of three-dimensional (3D) depth, using chromostereopsis, among the characteristics of human visual perception. An algorithm that enhances the cubic effect, based on the theory that the cubic effect of the chromostereoptic effect and the chromostereoptic reversal effect depends on the lightness of the background, classifies the layers of the 3D image input into the foreground, middle, and background layers according to the depth of the image input. It suits the characteristics of human visual perception because it controls the color factor that was adaptively detected through experiments on each layer; and it can achieve an enhanced cubic effect that is suitable for the characteristics of the image input.

Outcome of Totally Necrotic Nodules of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Liver Transplantation: Is It Really Totally Gone?

( Jiyoung Kim ),( Suk-kyun Hong ),( Jae-yoon Kim ),( Hyun-hwa Choi ),( Sola Lee ),( Suyoung Hong ),( Jeong-moo Lee ),( Youngrok Choi ),( Nam-Joon Yi ),( Kwang-woong Lee ),( Kyung-suk Suh ) 대한간학회 2023 춘·추계 학술대회 (The Liver Week) Vol.2023 No.1

In Vivo Porcine Study of 3D-Printed Biodegradable Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent for Biliary Stricture after Liver Transplantation

( Jiyoung Kim ),( Jae Hyun Kim ),( Dong-heon Ha ),( Jiwon Koh ),( Eui Soo Han ),( Sola Lee ),( Jae-yoon Kim ),( Jaewon Lee ),( Hyun-hwa Choi ),( Su Young Hong ),( Suk Kyun Hong ),( Nam-joon Yi ),( Kwa 대한간학회 2023 춘·추계 학술대회 (The Liver Week) Vol.2023 No.1

Lysosome-instructed Self-assembly of Amino Acid-functionalized Perylenediimide for the Multidrug-resistant Cancer Treatment

Jiyoung HONG,Changjoon KEUM,Youngheun CHO,Sang-Yup LEE,Hyuncheol KIM 한국생물공학회 2020 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.10

Community annoyance toward transportation noise: Review of a 4-year comprehensive survey in Korea

Hong, Jiyoung,Lee, Soogab,Lim, Changwoo,Kim, Jaehwan,Kim, Kyutae,Kim, Gahee Elsevier 2018 Applied acoustics Vol.139 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Since the first synthesis curves were reported, a number of social surveys have been conducted to assess community response to noise, and determine a suitable exposure-response relationship for each socio-cultural area within different environments. Generalized exposure-response relationships have been reported using meta-analysis, which are used for predicting noise annoyance and as the basis for noise policy. However, these studies were primarily conducted in European and English-speaking communities, and studying community response in different cultural contexts is important to the development of more comprehensive exposure-response relationships. Furthermore, in some cases, case-specific exposure-relationships may better predict community response than generalized exposure-response relationships. This study presents the exposure-response relationships for the subjective annoyance of people exposed to commercial aircraft, railway, and road traffic noise for an extended period of time. Using our new analysis standard, we re-analyzed data from large-scale investigations conducted as part of a 4-year comprehensive survey comprising 52 datasets, and established modified exposure-response relationships for three types of transport noise in Korea. We found significant differences in annoyance response compared to previous studies, including the study which was used in the development process of WHO/Europe’s environmental noise guidelines. We propose that the exposure-response relationships established in our study are the most optimal curves currently available for predicting community annoyance to transportation noise in Korea. Furthermore, we suggest that future research focus on differences in annoyance responses due to the effects of non-acoustic factors.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We assess the community response to three types of transport noise in Korea. </LI> <LI> Annoyance responses are compared with those of other countries. </LI> <LI> Non-acoustic factors also affect the annoyance response to noise. </LI> <LI> We present the optimal exposure-response relationships for traffic noise in Korea. </LI> </UL> </P>

북한의 원조 수원 거버넌스 변화 연구

홍지영(Jiyoung Hong),문경연(Kyungyon Moon) 한국NGO학회 2021 NGO연구 Vol.16 No.1

1995년 시작된 국제사회의 대북 지원은 2004년 북한이 인도적 지원을 개발협력으로 전환할 것을 요구하면서 큰 변화를 겪었다. 당시 북한은 자국 내 수원 거버넌스를 복수의 기관으로 편성하고 이들 기관들이 개별 공여자 별로 분리하여 담당하도록 하는 분절적인(fragmented) 형태로 재편하였다. 본 연구는 북한이 중장기적 개발협력 사업을 요구하는 시점에 새롭게 재편한수원 거버넌스가 원조효과성을 증대하기 위한 국제사회의 노력, 특히 공여행위자간 조정(coordination) 강화와 거리가 있었다는 데에 주목한다. 이에 본 논문은 북한의 수원 거버넌스가 어떻게 형성되었으며, 주요 변화 시점을 기점으로 어떻게 진화 발전하였는지 비교･분석하였다. 북한의 수원 거버넌스에서 발견되는 분절성을개선함으로써 궁극적으로 원조효과성을 증진하기 위해서는 국제사회 공여행위자간 조정 메커니즘을 강화하고 통합적 접근 방안을 모색하는 것이 중요하다는 국제사회의 정책적 권고 사항은 이 연구의 출발점이다. 본 연구는 북한이 국제사회의 인도적 지원을 수용하는 과정에서 어떠한 전략과입장을 취했는지를 거버넌스 구조의 특징을 통해 분석하였다는 학술적 의미를 가진다. 아울러 다양한 원조 행위자들이 대북 인도적 지원 및 개발협력 사업을 이행하는데 있어 필요한 수원 거버넌스의 특징을 이해하는데 기여한다는 점에서 정책적 함의 또한 갖는다고 하겠다. International aid to North Korea, which began in 1995, underwent major changes in 2004 when North Korea demanded that humanitarian aid be converted into development cooperation. At that time, North Korea reorganized the institutional structure receiving aid into a fragmented form in which a dedicated agency directly took charge of individual donors. This study notes that the reorganized aid governance is opposed to international efforts to increase development effectiveness, especially strengthening coordination of donors. Within these contexts, this paper compared and analyzed how North Korea s aid governance was structured and how it has changed since 2004. As a result of the analysis, policy implications are drawn that it is important for donors to strengthen coordination mechanisms and seek an integrated approach in order to complement North Korea’s aid governance and promote development effectiveness. This study has academic implications as a foundational study of North Korea s strategy and position in international humanitarian aid. In addition, it provides information necessary for multilayered actors to implement humanitarian assistance and development cooperation projects to North Korea and contributes to the establishment of related policies.

Analyzing the Government-Civil Society Relationship in the Role Changes of Korea’s Development Civil Society from a Historical Perspective

홍지영(Jiyoung Hong),김성규(Sung Gyu Kim) 국제개발협력학회 2012 국제개발협력연구 Vol.13 No.3

연구목적: 본 연구는 한국 개발시민사회의 성장과 역할, 그리고 이에 따른 정부-개발시민사회의 관계성 변화 분석을 목적으로 한다. 즉, 역사적 관점에서 한국 개발시민사회의 역할 변화분석과 이를 통한 유형화, 그리고 한국 정부-시민사회 파트너십 프레임워크에 대한 평가를 하고자 한다. 연구의 중요성: 본 연구는 정부-개발시민사회 관계성의 특징과 내재적 역동성을 역사적 관점에 입각, 다면적으 로 분석하고 있다는 점에서 차별성을 가지며, 이를 바탕으로 수행된 파트너십 정책문서에 대한 평가는 향후 한국 개발협력 지형에서의 정부-개발시민사회 파트너십 형성 준거틀의 한계성을 학문적으로 분석하는 하나의 계기가 되었다는데 그 의미가 있다. 연구방법론: 나잠의 Four-Cs 모델을 적용하여 1995년 이후 한국의 정부-개발시민사회의 관계변화를 분석했다. 연구결과: 분석을 통해 정부-개발시민사회 관계성은 1995년~2010년 보완/대립, 2011년-2016년 보완/대립/협력 이라는 이른바 혼재의 성격을 나타내다가, 2017년 이후에는 상호 협력이 강화되는 실질적 협력의 경향을 띠고 있음을 밝혀냈다. 이러한 변화는 개발시민사회의 성장경로와 매우 밀접한 관계가 있음을 아울러 포착했다. 즉, 개 발시민사회는 주요 국제사회 주요 추세와 동의를 내적 도약을 위한 유의미한 정치적 기회로 충분히 활용하였고, 이러한 과정에서 서비스 이행에 초점을 맞추던 제한적인 역할에서 그 범주가 정책 파트너의 지위까지 확장하였음 을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 그 성과가 소수의 학자 및 전문가의 의지와 역량과 결합한 측면 또한 존재 했으며, 따라서 확장성이 개발시민사회의 공동의 경험으로서 축적되는 것에 일정 정도 한계성 또한 노정되었음을 알 수 있었다. 결론 및 시사점: 연구를 통해 확장성과 한계성 측면에서 한국 개발시민사회의 역할의 변화와 성장경로의 시기별 유형화가 제시되었다. 아울러 한국에서 2019년 수립된 ‘국제개발협력 분야 정부-시민사회 파트너십 기본정책’이 향후 개발협력 파트너십 정책 및 전략 구상, 방향성 설정에 제도적 준거틀로 활용될 수 있음을 지적했다. 동시에 연구자적인 관점에서 한국 개발협력 지형에서 개발시민사회의 역할 및 파트너십 준거틀의 한계성과 도전과제를 분석할 수 있는 단초를 제공하고 있다. Purpose: This study aims to examine changes in the roles of Korean development civil society organizations (CSOs) in the historical path of Korean development cooperation since the 1990s. In particular, it focuses on analyzing the government- civil society relationship. Originality: This study has originality in that it analyzes the characteristics and intrinsic dynamics of the government-developed civil society relationship from a historical perspective in a multifaceted way. The main contribution of this study is that it revealed the path of development CSOs growth by looking at the change in the role of the CSOs in each period. Methodology: By applying Nazam s Four-Cs model, we analyzed the change in the relationship between the government and civil society development in Korea since 1995. Result: We found that the government-development civil society relationship showed a mixed nature of complementary/confrontation from 1995 to 2010 and complementary/confrontation/cooperation from 2011 to 2016. Then mutual cooperation strengthened after 2017. It was also found that these changes are closely related to the growth path of the civil society for development. The development civil society fully utilized the major international trends and consensus as a meaningful political opportunity for its own development. In the process, NGOs have expanded the scope of their activities from a limited role focused on service implementation to the status of policy partners. However, the achievements were largely dependent on the will and capabilities of a small number of experts and scholars, and thus there were some limitations in accumulating development as a common experience of civil society. Conclusions and Implication: In terms of expansion and limitations, the research suggested changes in the role of Korean development civil society and growth paths by period. At the same time, this study provides a basis for analyzing the limitations of the framework and the challenges of partnership in the future development cooperation landscape of Korea.