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Coefficient of Earth Pressure at Rest of a Saturated Artificially Mixed Soil from Oedometer Tests
Jun-Jie Wang,Yang Yang,Jiping Bai,Jian-Yun Hao,Tian-Long Zhao 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.5
The present study focuses on the coefficient of earth pressure at rest (K0) of a saturated crushed binary soil mixture. The mixture isartificially mixed by crushed sandstone and mudstone particles according to presupposed weight ratios and particle size distributioncurves. The oedometer tests are performed to determine the coefficient K0. From test data, the values of coefficient K0, which rangefrom 0.242 to 0.381, with a mean value of 0.300, are obtained. Just as other mechanical parameters of soils, the K0 value is affectedby many factors. The effects of the properties of test specimen and material are discussed on the basis of the test data. Strong negativecorrelation between the values of K0 and initial dry bulk density of test specimen, one between the values of K0 and median particlesize diameter of test material, and one between the values of K0 and gravel content by weight of test material, respectively, areobserved from the test data. The mudstone particle content by weight of the mixture may also affect the value of K0. The effects ofthese factors on the K0 value may exhibit interlocking effect. Higher interlocking effect results in higher shear strength, and thereforeresults in lower K0 value.
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Smooth Path Planning Method for Unmanned Surface Vessels Considering Environmental Disturbance
Jiabin Yu,Zhihao Chen,Zhiyao Zhao,Xiaoyi Wang,Yuting Bai,Jiguang Wu,Jiping Xu 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2023 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.21 No.10
To solve the problems of unsmooth path planning, insufficient dynamic obstacle avoidance ability, and environmental disturbance effect on the path planning result, this paper proposes a smooth path planning method for unmanned surface vessels (USVs) considering environmental disturbance. First, an improved A* algorithm, which uses the path smoothing method based on the minimum turning radius of a USV, is proposed for global path planning. The binary tree method is used instead of the enumeration method to select a relatively optimal path in the current situation to improve algorithm efficiency. In addition, the dynamic window approach (DWA) with the Convention on the International Regulation for Preventing Collision at Sea (COLREGs) constraints is used for local path planning. The dist function in the DWA algorithm is improved to enhance the DWA algorithm’s ability to avoid dynamic obstacles. Finally, the environmental disturbance function is derived and added to the A* and DWA algorithms to handle the effect of environmental disturbances, such as water flow, on the path planning result, which can significantly improve the path-planning ability of the algorithm in the presence of environmental disturbances. Simulation experiments are performed in three scenarios to verify the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show that compared with the other algorithms, the proposed algorithm can effectively avoid dynamic obstacles and reduce the impact of environmental disturbance on the path planning result. At the same time, the proposed algorithm has high efficiency and strong robustness.
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Jingcui Yu,Songbin Fu,Peng Liu,Xiaobo Cui,Yu Sui,Guohua Ji,Rongwei Guan,Donglin Sun,Wei Ji,Fangli Liu,An Liu,Yuzhen Zhao,Yang Yu,Yan Jin,Jing Bai,Jingshu Geng,Yingwei Xue,Jiping Qi,Ki-Young Lee 한국분자세포생물학회 2011 Molecules and cells Vol.32 No.1
Previously, we identified 3 overlapping regions showing loss of heterozygosity (LOH, R_1-R_3 from 11 to 30 cM) on chromosome 17 in 45 primary gastric cancers (GCs). The data indicated the presence of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) on chromosome 17 involved in GC. Among the putative TSGs in these regions, HIC1 (in SR_1) and TOB1 (in SR_3) remain to be examined in GC. By immunohistochemistry (IHC), methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and western blot, we evaluated the expression and regulation status for HIC1 and TOB1 protein in GC. We narrowed down the deletion intervals on chromosome 17 and defined five smaller LOH subregions, SR_1-SR_5 (0.54 to 3.42 cM), in GC. We found that HIC1 had downregulated expression in 86% (91/106) and was methylated in 87% (26/30) of primary GCs. Of the primary GCs showing downregulation of HIC1 protein, 75% (18/24) had methylated HIC1 gene. TOB1 was either absent or expressed at reduced levels in 75% (73/97) of the GC samples. In addition, a general reduction was found in total and the ratio of unphosphorylated to phosphorylated TOB1 protein levels in the differentiated GC cell lines. Further analysis revealed significant simultaneous downregulation of both HIC1 and TOB1 protein in GC tissue microarray samples (67%, 52/78) and in primary GCs (65%, 11/17). These results indicate that silencing of HIC1 and TOB1 expression is a common occurrence in GC and may contribute to the development and progression of the disease.
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