Influence of pre-slaughter fasting time on weight loss, meat quality and carcass contamination in broilers

Xue Ge,Cheng Silu,Yin Jingwen,Zhang Runxiang,Su Yingying,Li Xiang,Li Jianhong,Bao Jun 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.6

Objective: An experiment was conducted to determine the appropriate fasting time prior to slaughter for broilers in floor-feed and scatter-feed mode. Methods: On 21 d since hatching, 120 Arbor Acres broilers were divided into floor-feed and scatter-feed groups, chicks from each group were further assigned to feed withdrawal treatments for 0, 4, 6, 8, and 10 h. Some resultant indicators such as carcass contamination, body weight loss, meat quality of 54-day-old broilers were measured. Results: It appears that longer feed withdrawal increased weight loss, lightness, drop loss of meat but reduced pH. A significant higher weight loss and lightness for both floor-feed and scatter-feed chicks coincided after 6 to 10 h feed withdrawal (p<0.05). pH for breast muscle at 45 min postmortem reduced when chicks of scatter-feed were fasted 6 and 10 h, while the reduction of floor-feed group occurred only in 10 h (p<0.05). A noticeable effect of feed withdrawal on drop loss occurred after 10 h fasting in scatter-feed of which drop loss were significantly higher than that for other groups including control (p<0.05). The change of contamination propensity revealed that 6 to 10 h fasting significantly reduced the likelihood of carcass contamination under both floor-feed and scatter-feed (p<0.05). Net weights of intestinal contents for gizzard were significantly reduced after feed deprived for 10 h in floor-feed and 6 and 10 h in scatter-feed (p<0.05). The decrease for whole intestine occurred after floor-feed broilers have been without feed for more than 4 h, scatter-feed broilers for more than 8 h (p<0.05). Conclusion: On the premise that poultry product properties and welfare were not significantly damaged, proper fasting time could reduce carcass contamination. Current data implied that 6 h fasting was recommendable for both floor and scatter feed pre-slaughter broilers. Objective: An experiment was conducted to determine the appropriate fasting time prior to slaughter for broilers in floor-feed and scatter-feed mode.Methods: On 21 d since hatching, 120 Arbor Acres broilers were divided into floor-feed and scatter-feed groups, chicks from each group were further assigned to feed withdrawal treatments for 0, 4, 6, 8, and 10 h. Some resultant indicators such as carcass contamination, body weight loss, meat quality of 54-day-old broilers were measured.Results: It appears that longer feed withdrawal increased weight loss, lightness, drop loss of meat but reduced pH. A significant higher weight loss and lightness for both floor-feed and scatter-feed chicks coincided after 6 to 10 h feed withdrawal (p<0.05). pH for breast muscle at 45 min postmortem reduced when chicks of scatter-feed were fasted 6 and 10 h, while the reduction of floor-feed group occurred only in 10 h (p<0.05). A noticeable effect of feed withdrawal on drop loss occurred after 10 h fasting in scatter-feed of which drop loss were significantly higher than that for other groups including control (p<0.05). The change of contamination propensity revealed that 6 to 10 h fasting significantly reduced the likelihood of carcass contamination under both floor-feed and scatter-feed (p<0.05). Net weights of intestinal contents for gizzard were significantly reduced after feed deprived for 10 h in floor-feed and 6 and 10 h in scatter-feed (p<0.05). The decrease for whole intestine occurred after floor-feed broilers have been without feed for more than 4 h, scatter-feed broilers for more than 8 h (p<0.05).Conclusion: On the premise that poultry product properties and welfare were not significantly damaged, proper fasting time could reduce carcass contamination. Current data implied that 6 h fasting was recommendable for both floor and scatter feed pre-slaughter broilers.

Synthesis and Functionalization of Copper-Doped Indium Phosphate Quantum Dots with Ratiometric Fluorescence

Bin Xu,Jingwen Xue,Jun Huang,Haojun Jin,Peng Shen,Qingjiang Sun 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2019 NANO Vol.15 No.01

The doped quantum dots (QDs) that feature dual emission in one nanocrystal and long fluorescence lifetime have gained great interest in biosensing and bioimaging applications. In this work, we report the synthesis and functionalization of copper ion-doped indium phosphate (Cu:InP) QDs that exhibit simultaneous green InP emission and red Cu2+ emission. The oil-soluble QDs were synthesized by adsorbing Cu2+ onto InP core, followed by growing zinc selenide (ZnSe) shell via the successive ion layer adsorption reaction. During the synthesis, fluorescence ratiometry (and resultant multiple fluorescence colors) can be generated by changing either the dopant amount or the shell-growth time, but they act in a different manner: increasing the Cu2+ amount results in quenched InP emission and oppositely improved Cu2+ emission; the increase of shell-growth time leads to continuously improved Cu2+ emission relative to constant InP emission. Further, functionalization of the oil-soluble Cu:InP QDs with dihydrolipoic acid-polyethylene glycol (DHLA-PEG) via ligand exchange produces the water-soluble and biocompatible dual-emission QDs. The PEGylated Cu:InP QDs present desirable charge neutrality and excellent thermal stability and photostability, thereby holding high potential in a diversity of biomedical applications.

Combined analysis and miRNA expression profiles of the flowering related genes in common wild rice (oryza rufipogon Griff.)

Jiao Wang,Yan Long,Jingwen Zhang,Mande Xue,Gege Huang,Ke Huang,Qianhua Yuan,Xinwu Pei 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.8

Common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) is the most closely related ancestral species to Asian cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.). It contains various valuable traits with regard to tolerance to cold, drought and salinity, flowering diversity and many quantitative trait loci with agronomic important traits. Flowering is one of the most important agronomic traits. However, flowering-related transcriptome and how to be regulated by miRNAs have not been estimated in O.rufipogon. To identify how the genes and miRNAs regulating flowering in O.rufipogon. Three O.rufipogon RNA libraries, two vegetative stages (CWRT-V1 and CWRT-V2) and one flowering stage (CWRT-F2) were constructed using leaves tissue and sequenced using Illumina deep sequencing. 27,405, 27,333, 28,979 unique genes were obtained after mapping to the reference genome from CWRT-V1, CWRT-V2 and CWRT-F2, respectively. Then differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and got 1419 unique genes are likely to involve in flower development. Detailed information showed that MADS box and floral meristem identity genes, such as MADS 1, MADS14, Hd1 are involved in common wild rice. Then, combined analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles was performed. Twenty three known miRNA-mRNA pairs and five new candidates were presented an anti-correlationship. Interestingly, 12 miRNAs were negatively correlated with 20 mRNAs encoding flowering-related proteins, indicating that miRNAs regulated target genes to promote flowering in CWRT-F2 group. The results provided here genomic resources for flowering related genes and how these flowering genes were regulated by miRNAs in common wild rice.

Design of an Optical System for a Space Target Detection Camera

Liu Zhang,Jiakun Zhang,Jingwen Lei,Yutong Xu,Xue-Ying Lv 한국광학회 2022 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.6 No.4

In this paper, the details and design process of an optical system for space target detection cameras are introduced. The whole system is divided into three structures. The first structure is a short-focus vis-ible light system for rough detection in a large field of view. The field of view is 2°, the effective focallength is 1,125 mm, and the F-number is 3.83. The second structure is a telephoto visible light systemfor precise detection in a small field of view. The field of view is 1°, the effective focal length is 2,300mm, and the F-number is 7.67. The third structure is an infrared light detection system. The field ofview is 2°, the effective focal length is 390 mm, and the F-number is 1.3. The visible long-focus narrowfield of view and visible short-focus wide field of view are switched through a turning mirror. Design results show that the modulation transfer functions of the three structures of the system are close to the diffraction limit. It can further be seen that the short-focus wide-field-of-view distortion is controlledwithin 0.1%, the long-focus narrow-field-of-view distortion within 0.5%, and the infrared subsystem distortion within 0.2%. The imaging effect is good and the purpose of the design is achieved.

Effects of transport time and feeding type on weight loss, meat quality and behavior of broilers

Fu Yajie,Yin Jingwen,Zhao Ning,Xue Ge,Zhang Runxiang,Li Jianhong,Bao Jun 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.7

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal time of transportation of floor-feed and scatter-feed broilers. Methods: Eighty healthy Arbor Acres (AA) broilers (21-day-old, 624.4 g, male, standard error = 6.65) were selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups (floor-feed and scatter-feed), then fed for three weeks. The experiment comprised a 2×4 factorial design with 2 feed patterns (floor-feed and scatter-feed) and 4 transport periods (2, 3, 4, and 5 h), and 4 replicates of 5 broilers (54-day-old, 2243 g, standard error = 46.65) was used to compare weight loss, meat quality and behavior index of different groups. Results: It appeared that drip loss, meat color and resting behavior of experimental broilers changed as length of transportation (p<0.05), however, weight loss and pH were not significantly transformed (p>0.05). Compared with floor-feed group, broilers in scatter-feed group had lower pH at 24 hours (3 h) and different behavioral indicators (p<0.05). Especially indicators after 3 h transportation, there were obvious differences between the two feeding modes in the behavior reaction of stress events before slaughter with different transport duration (p<0.05). The fluctuation of data on resting behavior with scatter-feed was significantly higher than that of floor-feed broilers. There was no interaction between transport time and different feeding methods for index tested of our experiment (p>0.05). Conclusion: Comprehensive analysis showed that the maximum transport duration of floor-feed and scatter-feed broilers should not exceed 3 h, and scatter-feed broilers were more likely prone to fear. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal time of transportation of floor-feed and scatter-feed broilers.Methods: Eighty healthy Arbor Acres (AA) broilers (21-day-old, 624.4 g, male, standard error = 6.65) were selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups (floor-feed and scatter-feed), then fed for three weeks. The experiment comprised a 2×4 factorial design with 2 feed patterns (floor-feed and scatter-feed) and 4 transport periods (2, 3, 4, and 5 h), and 4 replicates of 5 broilers (54-day-old, 2243 g, standard error = 46.65) was used to compare weight loss, meat quality and behavior index of different groups.Results: It appeared that drip loss, meat color and resting behavior of experimental broilers changed as length of transportation (p<0.05), however, weight loss and pH were not significantly transformed (p>0.05). Compared with floor-feed group, broilers in scatter-feed group had lower pH at 24 hours (3 h) and different behavioral indicators (p<0.05). Especially indicators after 3 h transportation, there were obvious differences between the two feeding modes in the behavior reaction of stress events before slaughter with different transport duration (p<0.05). The fluctuation of data on resting behavior with scatter-feed was significantly higher than that of floor-feed broilers. There was no interaction between transport time and different feeding methods for index tested of our experiment (p>0.05).Conclusion: Comprehensive analysis showed that the maximum transport duration of floor-feed and scatter-feed broilers should not exceed 3 h, and scatter-feed broilers were more likely prone to fear.

Efficient extraction and separation of vanadium and chromium in high chromium vanadium slag by sodium salt roasting-(NH4)2SO4 leaching

Jing Wen,Tao Jiang,Yingzhe Xu,Jing Cao,Xiangxin Xue 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.71 No.-

A novelty process based on sodium salt roasting-(NH4)2SO4 leaching was proposed to extract vanadiumand chromium in high chromium vanadium slag (HCVS). V2O5 and Cr2O3 was then prepared. The effectsof roasting and leaching conditions on vanadium and chromium extraction behavior were studiedsystematically and completely. Vanadium precipitation conditions and chromium reduction conditionswere optimized further. 94.6% vanadium and 96.5% chromium were extracted when HCVS and Na2CO3were mixed in the molar ratio of n(Na2CO3)/n(V2O3 + Cr2O3) of 2.5, then leached in 30 g/L (NH4)2SO4solution. 94.8% vanadium was precipitated as ammonium polyvanadate (APV) just by adjusting theleaching liquid pH at 4.5, almost all chromium was remained in liquid, achieving the efficient separationof vanadium and chromium. Chromium was then recovered by reduction and precipitation. More than99% chromium was reduced when Na2S2O5 was added in m(Na2S2O5)/m[Cr(VI)] above 3. By roasting thedeposits of vanadium and chromium respectively, 91.49% V2O5 and 89.89% Cr2O3 were obtained. Thesupernatant after vanadium and chromium extraction containing NH4+ could be recycled as the newleaching medium with some new (NH4)2SO4 added, which greatly reduced the discharge of ammonianitrogenwastewater and made the whole process more environmentally friendly.