韓國에 있어서 溫帶低氣壓 屬性에 의한 降水特性

金成烈,楊辰錫 慶北大學校 師範大學 地理敎育科 1995 地理敎育 Vol.8 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of precipitation associated with the attribute of extratropical cyclone in Korea. From now on, extratropical cyclone is called cyclone in short. The principal data used in this study are daily precipitation obtained from 60 weather stations of the Korea Meteorological Service during the ten years(1981∼1990), and weather charts published by the Japan Meteorological Agency. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows: (1) The amount of precipitation by the Central China Low accounts for 50 percent on an average of the total cyclonic precipitation. In the spatial distribution , the precipitation in the middle-west areas are influenced by the Central China Low and the North China Low, and the precipitation in the southern areas are influenced by the Central China Low and the Taiwan Low. Especially, The Taiwan Low appears rarely in Korea, but its appearance causes heavy rain. (2) When the cyclone passes through the southern area, the precipitation probability is highest and the precipitation intensity is very strong. This is considered the reason why the whole country is influenced by the cyclone. Cyclones passing through the South Sea cause frequent precipitation in the southern area and those passing through the middle and the northern area often cause precipitation in the middle area. (3) When the cyclone moves slowly and its central pressure is become higher, and the precipitation probability is high and the amount of precipitation is large. It is because the pressure energy changes into the precipitation energy. The track of cyclone and topography cause difference in the amount of precipitation amount according to the regions.

Calcium phosphate 결정 성장 최적화를 위한 Ti 표면의 BaTiO_3 박막 형성에 관한 연구

조진우,양홍서,박영준,황규석,송종은,이용렬 전남대학교 치과대학 2001 구강과학 Vol.13 No.2

This study was purposed to establish an optimized manufacturing process for a negatively charged ferroelectric thin flim on titanium substrate in order to develop a new implant system having the mechanical strength and bone forming ability. Ferroelectric materials show an alignment of positive and negative charges by poling treatment. Based on this property, this study was performed with the assumption that the Ca^2+ ions would be easily attracted on negatively charged surface and the attracted cation might behave as nuclei for bone-like crystal grownth in biological solutions. In order to have an osteoinducibility by the ferroelectric thin film coating, continuous and flawless crystalline thin film should be formed with ferroelectricity, and finally should be adequately poling treated. In this study, BaTiO_3 (BTO) was selected as a ferroelectric material. Before thin film coating process, most favorable poling condition was investiged with the evaluation of the difference in calcium phosphate (Ca-P) formation in simulated body fluid (SBF). Moreover, the parameters to form an optimum thin film were studied. Dense bulk BTO disks were fabricate using cold isostatic pressing(CIP) and sintered in air at 1300℃ for 2 hours. Sintered BTO disk was polished, and he crystallinity, microstructure, and ferroelectric characteristics were evaluated using an X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and an Impedance analyzer. To find the optimum poling condition for the calcium phosphate crystal formation, sintered bulk BTO specimens were treated with either of following poling conditions; 1) room temperature poling treatment [ polarizing field (Ep) = 25kV/cm, at 25℃ for 2 hours], 2) under Tc medium-temperaturepoling treatment (Ep=20kV/cm, from 85˚C to 25˚C for 2 hour), and 3) above Tc high-temperature poling were immesed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 30 days, and the formation of calcium phosphate (Ca-P) layer n the surface was evaluated. The crystallinity, microstructure, and ferroelectric characteristic of BTO thin film were evaluated withthe variation of final heat treatment. It was performed after establishing the starting substance-solvent mixing ratio, coating times, and pre-heating temperature optimal to form continuous and flawless BTO thin film adequate for having ferroelectricity. Perparation of BTO thin film was made by dipping-pyrolysis technique using metal naphthenates as starting substances. BTO thin films was spin-coated on Ti substrate by dipping-pyrolysis technique using sol obtained by mixing Ba-naphthenate and Ti-naphthenate as starting substances. Pre-firing temperature of BTO thin film was performed at 450℃ because organic-solvent ws completely volatilized without any crystal growth, and the final heat treatment was performed at 600, 700 or 800℃, respectively. The results are as follows; 1. BTO disk sintered at 1300℃ for 2 hours showed average grain size of about 1㎛ and the relative dielectric constant at 1㎑ was abut 3000∼3500. 2. After immersing the sintered bulk BTO poled at respective conditions in SBF for 30 days, Ca-P layers were present on the negatively charged surfaces. In contrary, positively charged Bto surface did not show any noticeable charge of the surface microstructure after SBF immersion. 3. In he case of poling condition 1 and 2 treated with below Tc, Ca/P ratio showed a relatively low value of 1,.2∼1.5. While, in the case of poling condition 3 treated with above Tc, Ca/P ratio was 1.5∼1.67, which is similar to that of biological apatite. This phenomenon demonstrates that poling the BTO above the temperature of Tc is preferable for the Ca-P formation. 4. For thin film BTO coastin, the starting substance was prepared by an equimolar mixing of the Ba and Ti-naphthenate. Dilution of the starting substance with toluene was most appropriate at sol : toluene ratio of 5.2:4.8 Too thin sol produced porosity in film, and too thick sol resulted cracks in the film. By repeating the coating and pre-firing procedure 15 times, homogeneous film of 0.5㎛ thickness could be fabricated, and perfomed well during the poling treatment without breakdown. 5. The heat-treatmen of the BTO thin film at 700℃ produced a homogeneous crystalline structure without heterogeneous TiO2 formation. The BTO thin film heat-treated at 600℃ showed non-crystallinity and no ferroelectricity. Treatment at 800℃ produced heterogeneous TiO2 phase in the film, which is unfavorabe for having ferroelectricity by the distortion of the perovskite structure. The relative dielectic constant at 1 ㎑ was 152 and 112 by heat-treatment at 700 and 800℃, respectively. In summary, these results demonstrated that poling the ferroelectric B_aT_iO_3 surface negatively is effective for the formation of Ca-P layer in simulated body fluids. Poling condition at a temperature cooling from above Tc down to room temperature is most effective. By optimizing the method of BTO thin film coating on metal substrate for the formation of Ca-P layer, the data of this study might be applied for the manufacture of new bioactive implant system.

중소기업 디자인경영환경개선을 위한 디자인경영연구방향 제안

이진렬(Lee, Jin-Ryeol), 김진아( Kim, Jin-A) 조선대학교 조형미술연구소 2011 조형미술논문집 Vol.11 No.1

This study aims to develop a decision-making supportive system on design management which develop design management system, diagnoses and consult design management of small and medium-sized enterprises. Design management system development should be preceeded by classification index development. To develop design management systems, cases of international and national design success should be identified and analysed, and Fuzzy-AHP( Analytic Hierarchy Process) programming should be used for development of system models. This study presented two research directions of design management for design management system development: the one is theoretical model axis research direction based on extraction of design management system elements and the other is a suggestion of research directions for developing design management system models based on Fuzzy-AHP programming for a theoretical and practical framework on future research on design management system. Keywords : 디자인 경영

팀 구성원의 갈등수준이 그룹 창의성에 미치는 영향 - KAI 지수에 의한 팀 구성을 중심으로 -

이진렬(주저자) ( Lee Jin Ryeol(주저자) ),이진렬(교신저자) ( Lee Jin Ryeol(교신저자) ) 디자인융복합학회(구.한국인포디자인학회) 2022 디자인융복합연구 Vol.21 No.2

본 연구는 디자인팀의 효율적 구성 및 운영과 이에 따른 팀 디자인성과를 극대화시킬 수 있는 방안을 모색하기 위하여 KAI지수를 활용한 디자인팀 구성과 팀의 갈등발생 수준에 따른 디자인성과차이를 비교분석하였다. 실험 연구는 2차에 걸쳐 KAI지수의 수준과 폭에 따라 3인으로 구성된 16개 팀을 구성하여 과제를 부여하고, 각 팀의 갈등수준과 디자인결과물의 창의성의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 분석결과 높은 KAI지수로 구성된 디자인 팀은 가장 효율적인 팀성과를 도출할 수 있으나, 구성원의 특성상 높은 갈등수준의 유발가능성이 높으며, 갈등관리의 실패는 팀 성과에도 심각하게 부정적인 영향을 줄 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 실험결과는 KAI지수에 따른 팀 구성 및 운영은 팀 결과물의 성과를 강화하는데 효율적인 방법이나, 다만 팀 구성원의 갈등이 높지 않은 수준으로 보완되어져야 한다는 점을 의미한다. 팀 구성에 있어서 갈등관리를 선제적으로 대응할 수 있는 방안에 대해서는 본 연구의 후속연구로 진행할 예정이다. This study compared and analyzed the design performance difference according to the design team composition using the KAI index and the level of team conflict in order to find a way to efficiently organize and operate the design team and maximize the team design performance. In the second round of experimental research, 16 teams of 3 people were assigned according to the level and breadth of the KAI index, and tasks were assigned, and the correlation between the conflict level of each team and the creativity of the design result was analyzed. As a result of the analysis, a design team composed of a high KAI index can derive the most efficient team performance, but due to the characteristics of its members, it is highly likely to cause a high level of conflict. These experimental results indicate that team formation and operation according to the KAI index is an efficient way to enhance the performance of the team results, but it means that the conflict among team members should be supplemented to a level that is not high. Methods to preemptively respond to conflict management in team composition will be conducted as a follow-up study of this research.

Inhibition of voltage-dependent K+ current in rabbit coronary arterial smooth muscle cells by the class Ic antiarrhythmic drug propafenone

Jin Ryeol An,Hongliang Li,Mi Seon Seo,Won Sun Park 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2018 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.22 No.5

In this study, we demonstrated the inhibitory effect of the Class Ic antiarrhythmic agent propafenone on voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) channels using freshly isolated coronary artery smooth muscle cells from rabbits. The Kv current amplitude was progressively inhibited by propafenone in a dose-dependent manner, with an apparent IC50 value of 5.04±1.05 μM and a Hill coefficient of 0.78±0.06. The application of propafenone had no significant effect on the steady-state activation and inactivation curves, indicating that propafenone did not affect the voltage-sensitivity of Kv channels. The application of train pulses at frequencies of 1 or 2 Hz progressively increased the propafenone-induced inhibition of the Kv current. Furthermore, the inactivation recovery time constant was increased after the application of propafenone, suggesting that the inhibitory action of propafenone on Kv current is partially use-dependent. Pretreatment with Kv1.5, Kv2.1 or Kv7 inhibitor did not change the inhibitory effect of propafenone on the Kv current. Together, these results suggest that propafenone inhibits the vascular Kv channels in a dose- and use-dependent manner, regardless of Na+ channel inhibition.

디자인에 대한 디자이너의 커뮤니케이션의도와 소비자의 의미재생산에 관한 연구

이진렬(Jin-Ryeol Lee),김병욱(Kim Byung Uk),김은영(Eun-Young Kim) 한국디자인학회 2006 디자인학연구 Vol.19 No.4

디자인마케팅의 4Cs 요소정립과 4C Mix 구현에 관한 연구

이진렬(Jin-Ryeol Lee),김은영(Eun-Young Kim) 한국디자인학회 2005 디자인학연구 Vol.18 No.2

플라즈마 DLC 증착법을 이용한 실리콘 표면의 친수성 유지

이진우(Jin Woo Yi),문명운(Myoung-Woon Moon),이광렬(Kwang-Ryeol Lee),김해리(Hae-Ri Kim),김성진(Seong Jin Kim),차태곤(Tae-Gon Cha),김호영(Ho-Young Kim) 대한기계학회 2009 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2009 No.5

Aging behavior of wettability of Si-DLC (Si incorporated diamond-like carbon) films treated by various gas (H₂, O₂, and N₂) plasma was investigated. We found that the initially low contact angle of most plasma-treated Si-DLC surfaces recovered its high value (near 90°) within few days. However, the contact angle of Si-DLC with the Si weight fraction of 1.24 and 2.66% was measured to be below 10° as-modified, and maintained its value below 15° for 20 days. XPS analysis reveals that the polar components of Si-O bonds, enhancing hydrophilicity, have been almost unchanged over 20 days on the Si-DLC modified with oxygen plasma. Further explanation for this superior durability of the superhydrophilicity comes from observing the surface morphology evolution due to oxygen plasma treatment: nano-pillar-like structures develop on Si-DLC with the Si weight fraction of 1.24 and 2.66% due to oxygen plasma while no surface structure change is observed on films with other Si fractions.

제품디자인에 대한 사용자의 심리적 반응프로세스모델구축에 관한 연구

이진렬(Jin-Ryeol Lee) 한국디자인학회 2003 디자인학연구 Vol.16 No.4

디자인을 통한 시장탐색전략과 시장선도전략

이진렬(Jin-Ryeol Lee),김명주(Myoung-joo Kim),황영성(Young-sung Hwang) 한국디자인학회 2003 디자인학연구 Vol.16 No.2