Determining Optimum Number of Gyrations for Porous Asphalt Mixtures Using Superpave Gyratory Compactor

Xiaowei Wang,Jiaxing Ren,Xinyu Hu,Xingyu Gu,Ning Li 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.25 No.6

The compaction characteristics of porous asphalt (PA) mixtures are significantly different from those of traditional dense-graded asphalt mixtures. Compaction efforts are critical for PA mixtures to exhibit good performance in terms of strength, functionality, and durability. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum number of gyrations for typical PA mixtures compacted using a Superpave gyratory compactor. The compaction characteristics and the influence of seven gyration levels on the indicators of air voids (AV) content, Marshall Stability (MS), multi-directional permeability, stone-on-stone contact, and durability of PA mixture were investigated through laboratory experiments. A multi-directional permeameter was designed to evaluate the multi-directional permeability of PA mixtures, including vertical, horizontal, and combined horizontal-vertical permeability. The AV content, multi-directional permeability decreases with the increasing gyrations. Based on the requirements of each indicator, the minimum and maximum gyrations for each indicator were determined. Balancing the performance of strength, functionality, and durability, the optimum number of gyrations for the PA mixtures was determined to be between 45 and 75 gyrations, which allows for different gyrations depending on the application of the PA mixture. Finally, the requirements of MS, horizontal permeability, and combined horizontal-vertical permeability are recommended for improving the performance of PA mixture.

High-Yield Spreading of Water-Miscible Solvents on Water for Langmuir-Blodgett Assembly

Nie, Hua-Li,Dou, Xuan,Tang, Zhihong,Jang, Hee Dong,Huang, Jiaxing American Chemical Society 2015 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.137 No.33

Parallel FM Signal Demodulation System based on Software Radio Platform

Yun Lin,Jiaxing Wang,Chao Lv,Zhiqiang Wu,Qiang Li,Zhiping Zhang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.3

A parallel FM signal demodulation system is designed in this paper. All FM signals from 90MHz to 110MHz could be captured, separated and restored into original information. The method of digital channelized receiving is used in the system to divide the broadband signals into independent ones according to their center frequency. This design could be used in the field of electron reconnaissance and multichannel communication system. We realized the design on a software radio platform based on the structure of SCA (Software Communication Architecture), and the advantages of this ideal is discussed in the paper.

Effects of dietary n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio on growth performance, blood indexes, tissue fatty acid composition and the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma signaling related genes in finishing pigs

Chen, Jing,Cui, Hongze,Liu, Xianjun,Li, Jiantao,Zheng, Jiaxing,Li, Xin,Wang, Liyan Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.5

Objective: This study investigated the effects of dietary n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio on growth performance, blood indexes, tissue fatty acid composition and the gene expression in finishing pigs. Methods: Seventy-two crossbred ([Duroc×Landrace]×Yorkshire) barrows (68.5±1.8 kg) were fed one of four isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 2:1, 3:1, 5:1, and 8:1. Results: Average daily gain, average daily feed intake and gain-to-feed ratio had quadratic responses but the measurements were increased and then decreased (quadratic, p<0.05). The concentrations of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and interleukin 6 were linearly increased (p<0.05) with increasing of dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio, while that of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol tended to decrease (p = 0.062), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol:low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and leptin concentration were linearly decreased (p<0.05). The concentration of serum adiponectin had a quadratic response but the measurement was decreased and then increased (quadratic, p<0.05). The proportion of C18:3n-3 was linearly decreased (p<0.05) in the longissimus thoracis (LT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) as dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio increasing, while the proportion of C18:2n-6 and n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio were linearly increased (p<0.05). In addition, the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and lipoprotein lipase in the LT and SCAT, and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in the SCAT had quadratic responses but the measurements were increased and then decreased (quadratic, p<0.05). The expression of HSL in the LT was linearly decreased (p<0.05) with increasing of dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio. Conclusion: Dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio could regulate lipid and fatty acid metabolism in blood and tissue. Reducing dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio (3:1) could appropriately suppress expression of related genes in PPARγ signaling, and result in improved growth performance and n-3 PUFA deposition in muscle and adipose tissue in finishing pigs.

Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of Asian and European honeybees to pear flower volatiles

Ma Weihua,Long Denglong,Wang Yi,Li Xinyu,Huang Jiaxing,Shen Jinshan,Su Wenting,Jiang Yusuo,Li Jie 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.1

Honeybee pollination behavior is influenced by flower volatiles, which honeybees sense via olfactory receptors. Honeybees are only weakly attracted to pear flowers. To investigate the potential reasons, we extracted and determined the floral volatile compounds from three pear cultivars (Su, Ya, and Xuehua) using headspace solidphase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The effects of pear flower volatiles on the Asian honeybee (Apis cerana cerana Fabricius) and the European honeybee (Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola) were determined by electroantennogram (EAG) assays and behavioral tests in a three-arm olfactometer. Among the 76 flower volatiles detected with GC–MS, 21 were found in all three pear cultivars, accounting for approximately 70% of the total volatile content. 3-Methyl-1-butanol and (+)-limonene volatiles had the highest relative content. Five compounds elicited strong EAG responses in both bee species: 2-methylbu tyraldehyde, 1-nonanal, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and (+)-limonene. Neither bee species showed positive taxis to these volatiles. In behavioral tests, A. mellifera ligustica showed a low preference for 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (20%, 400 µg/µL) and 2-phenethyl alcohol (16.7%, 400 µg/µL). Apis cerana cerana showed a low preference for 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (6.7%, 400 µg/µL) and 1-nonanal (10%, 400 µg/µL), whereas its preferences for 3-methyl-1-butanol (43.3%, 400 µg/µL) and α-farnesene (40%, 400 µg/µL) were similar to that for the control. Therefore, a lack of attractive volatile compounds could explain why honeybees are only weakly attracted to pear flowers. Therefore, to achieve acceptable pollination in pear orchards, we suggest using flower-scent sugar syrup feeding and a saturation pollination strategy.

Cloning and characteristics of the antibacterial peptide gene abaecin in the bumblebee Bombus lantschouensis (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Wang Leiyu,Dong Kun,He Shaoyu,Li Jilian,Jie Wu,Huang Jiaxing 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.1

Among the antimicrobial peptides, abaecin is rich in proline content and plays a vital role in insect innate im mune defense. Here, the full-length gene of abaecin from the bumblebee Bombus lantschouensis was cloned, and its expression profiles for different tissues, developmental stages and reproductive statuses were analyzed by RTqPCR. Meanwhile, the responses of abaecin to a bacterium (Escherichia coli) and a fungus (Beauveria bassiana) were tested. The full length of abaecin cDNA was 470 bp, and the open reading frame (ORF) was 258 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 85 amino acids. The abaecin gene consists of three exons and two introns. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Bombus ignitus was the closest species to B. lantschouensis base on putative Abaecin protein sequence. Expression analysis showed that abaecin was expressed broadly in different tissues, with the highest expression in fat bodies and extremely low expression in antennae. Regarding developmental stage, low expression of abacein was detected in eggs and larvae, and high expression was detected in pupal stages. The highest expression was observed at the Pw pupal stage (pupae with an unpigmented body cuticle and white eyes), and the expression then decreased from the Pp (pupae with pink eyes) to the Pdd (dark-eye pupae with a dark-pigmented cuticle) stages. In addition, the expression of abaecin was higher in egg-laying than in non-egglaying female bumblebees. Both E. coli and B. bassiana infections induced the expression of abaecin. Our results indicated that the abaecin gene plays important roles in the development, reproduction and immune responses of bumblebees. During the artificial rearing of bumblebees, a good environment should be created to avoid infection with bacteria or fungi.

Compression and Aggregation-Resistant Particles of Crumpled Soft Sheets

Luo, Jiayan,Jang, Hee Dong,Sun, Tao,Xiao, Li,He, Zhen,Katsoulidis, Alexandros P.,Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.,Gibson, J. Murray,Huang, Jiaxing American Chemical Society 2011 ACS NANO Vol.5 No.11

<P>Unlike flat sheets, crumpled paper balls have both high free volume and high compressive strength, and can tightly pack without significantly reducing the area of accessible surface. Such properties would be highly desirable for sheet-like materials such as graphene, since they tend to aggregate in solution and restack in the solid state, making their properties highly dependent on the material processing history. Here we report the synthesis of crumpled graphene balls by capillary compression in rapidly evaporating aerosol droplets. The crumpled particles are stabilized by locally folded, π–π stacked ridges as a result of plastic deformation, and do not unfold or collapse during common processing steps. In addition, they are remarkably aggregation-resistant in either solution or solid state, and remain largely intact and redispersible after chemical treatments, wet processing, annealing, and even pelletizing at high pressure. For example, upon compression at 55 MPa, the regular flat graphene sheets turn into nondispersible chunks with drastically reduced surface area by 84%, while the crumpled graphene particles can still maintain 45% of their original surface area and remain readily dispersible in common solvents. Therefore, crumpled particles could help to standardize graphene-based materials by delivering more stable properties such as high surface area and solution processability regardless of material processing history. This should greatly benefit applications using bulk quantities of graphene, such as in energy storage or conversion devices. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that microbial fuel electrodes modified by the crumpled particles indeed outperform those modified with their flat counterparts.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2011/ancac3.2011.5.issue-11/nn203115u/production/images/medium/nn-2011-03115u_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn203115u'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Back-channel-etched InGaZnO thin-film transistors with Au nanoparticles on the back channel surface

Peng Xiao,Wenfeng Wang,Yingyi Ye,Ting Dong,Shengjin Yuan,Jiaxing Deng,Li Zhang,Jianwen Chen,Jian Yuan 대한금속·재료학회 2020 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.16 No.2

In this paper, Au nanoparticles (NPs) were introduced on the surface of oxide thin fi lm to enhance the etching resistance of thethin fi lm, and back-channel-etched (BCE) InGaZnO (IGZO) thin fi lm transistors (TFTs) with Au NPs on the back channel surfacewere successfully fabricated. Detailed studies showed that the etching resistance of IGZO thin fi lms was enhanced signifi cantly byintroducing Au NPs on IGZO thin fi lms, and the etching resistance was enhanced with the increase of Au NPs thickness. Furthermore,Au NPs deposited by vaccum evaporation were uniformly dispersed on the IGZO surface other than forming a continuousthin fi lm. By introducing the Au NPs on the IGZO surface, we successfully patterned the S/D electrodes on Au NPs/IGZO andfabricated BCE TFTs. The IGZO-TFTs with 5-nm-thick Au NPs on the back channel surface exhibited excellent electrical characteristicwith a μ sat of 9.9 cm 2 /V s, a SS of 0.26 V/decade, a V on of 0.23 V, an I on/off of 10 6 and an off -state current of 10 −11 A. Inaddition, the introduction of Au NPs did not lead to an increase in the off -state current, which was mainly ascribed to the Schottkybarrier between Au NPs and IGZO due to the high work function of Au. It is a universal method to fabricate BCE TFTs with highelectrical performance, because it was not limited to the types of oxide materials and had no special requirements for equipment.

Effect of solution properties on the interaction of 90Sr(II) with GMZ bentonite

Xin Chen,Jin Wang,Shaowei Wang,Fengliang Ma,Xiaopeng Chen,Jiaxing Li 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.11

The bentonite from gaomiaozi county (Inner Mongolia, China) (GMZ bentonite) has been selected as the candidate of backfill material in China for nuclear waste repository. Herein, the sorption of 90Sr(II) on GMZ bentonite was investigated as a function of contact time, solid content, pH, ionic strength, foreign ions, humic acid (HA) and temperature. The results indicated that the sorption of 90Sr(II) was mainly dominated by ion exchange or outer-sphere surface complexation at low pH, whereas inner-sphere surface complexation was the main sorption mechanism at high pH values. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH0, ΔS0 and ΔG0) calculated from the temperature-dependent sorption isotherms indicated that the sorption of 90Sr(II) on GMZ bentonite was an endothermic and spontaneous process. The results provided important information for the interaction mechanism of 90Sr(II) with GMZ bentonite, and is crucial for the evaluation of GMZ bentonite as backfill material.

Larger bees facilitate the deposition of oilseed rape pollen (Brassica napus L.)

Chang Hongcai,Wei Zhijun,Liu Ran,Ding Guiling,LI-JUN WAN,Huang Jiaxing 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.2

Oilseed rape is the third-largest source of vegetable oil and the second-largest source of protein meal in the world. Pollinators are vital in the production of oilseed rape. However, pollination efficiency could be influenced by the morphology and foraging behaviors of pollinators. To evaluate the effect of pollinator size and foraging behavior on pollination efficiency, the intertegular distances (ITDs) of five bumble bees (Bombus pyrosoma, B. lantschouensis, B. melanurus, B. sichelii and B. sibiricus) and two honey bees (Apis mellifera and A. cerana) were evaluated. Their foraging activities and single visit depositions (SVDs) on oilseed rape were observed and counted. The ITDs of bumble bees were significantly larger than honey bees (P < 0.05). The single-visit duration of A. mellifera (2.43 ± 0.06 s) was significantly longer than other bees (P < 0.05). The interval time of the A. cerana was longer than other bees (P < 0.05). Larger bees tended to deposit more pollen on stigmas at each visit than smaller bees. The interspecific ITD of bees had a positive effect on SVD (P < 0.001). There was no correlation between ITD and SVD among individuals of the same species. In conclusion, the size of bees had a positive impact on pollination efficiency. Bees with a greater ITD deposited substantially more pollen and had a significantly shorter interval between flowers. Understanding the foraging behavior and pollination efficiency of these bee species and developing habitats to support them should enable growers to achieve resilient production.