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AN ALGORITHM ABOUT LOGIC FUNCTION SIMPLIFICATION
Zhong, Fang Jian 대한전자공학회 1992 HICEC:Harbin International Conference on Electroni Vol.1 No.1
This paper shows an available method about how to simplify a logic function, which is named F-algorithm. It has been demonstrated on its equal transformation and its simplest expression. This algorithm has been turned into reality in Turbo Pascal.
Zhong, Jian-Jiang,Fang, Qing-Hua,Tang, Ya-Jie The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2002 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.4 No.3
Submerged cultures of Ganoderma lucidum, a valuable mushroom in traditional Chinese medicine, were used for production of bioactive Banoderic acids and Ganoderma polysaccharides. The significant effects of oxygen supply were demonstrated in both shake flasks and bioreactors. By changing the medium loading volume in a shake flask, a different value of initial volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient ($K_L$a) was obtained, and a higher $K_L$a value led to a higher biomass density and a higher productivity of both intracellular polysaccharide and ganoderic acid. In a stirred bioreactor, at an initial $K_L$a of 78.2 $h^{-1}$, a maximal cell concentration of 15.6 g/L by dry weight was obtained, as well as a maximal intracellular polysarcharide (IPS) production of 2.2 g/L and its maximal productivity of 220 mg/(L.d). An increase of initial $K_L$a led to a higher production and productivity of GA, and the GA production and productivity at an initial $K_L$a of 96.0 $h^{-1}$ was 1.8-fold those at an initial $K_L$a of 16.4 $h^{-1}$. The fundamental information obtained in this study may be useful for efficient large-scale production of these valuable bioactive products by the submerged cultures.
Zhong-Xian Lu,Xiao-Ping Yu,Jian-Ming Chen,Xu-Song Zheng,Hong-Xing Xu,Jue-Feng Zhang Zhang,Lie-Zhong Chen 한국응용곤충학회 2004 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.7 No.3
Abundance of the yeast-like symbiote (YLS) in brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stl, collected from rice fields in China and obtained from International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), was monitored. The role of YLS in nymph survival rate, development and adult reproduction, and activities of transaminases in BPH on different resistant rice varieties were examined. Also, the relationship between YLS and virulence shifts of BPH to resistant rice varieties was discussed. The results indicated that the virulence of BPH populations to resistant rice varieties was strongly related to the abundance of YLS in 5th instar nymphs and brachypterous females of BPH field populations at Nanning in South China and Hangzhou in East China, showing the more abundance of YLS in BPH, the higher virulence of BPH to resistant rice varieties, while no obvious differences in YLS abundance were monitored between three BPH biotypes. Numbers of YLS reduced significantly in female adult of BPH biotype 1 fed on resistant rice varieties IR26, Mudgo and ASD7, compared with that fed on susceptible rice variety TN1. The lowest YLS abundance of BPH from field population was found in 2nd generation successively fed on resistant varieties, and the number of YLS was resumed at 4th generation when the BPH has adapted the resistant varieties. The markedly lower nymphal survival rate, adult fecundity and activities of alanine and aspartic transminase, and significantly longer nymph duration in the three aposymbiotic biotypes than in the symbiotic ones were recorded on both susceptible and resistant rice varieties. However, the much greater differences between aposymbiotic and symbiotic BPH were found on the inadaptable resistant rice varieties than that on the fitness resistant rice varieties. Those results implied that YLS in BPH should play a crucial role in the virulent shift of BPH populations to resistant rice varieties.
Disruption of ecdysis in Leptinotarsa decemlineata by knockdown of chitin deacetylase 1
Jian-Jian Wu,Li-Li Mu,Zhong-Chao Chen,Kai-Yun Fu,Wen-Chao Guo,Chao Li,Guo-Qing Li 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.2
Chitin deacetylases (CDAs) catalyze N-deacetylation of chitin, a crucial process for chitin modification. In the present paper, LdCDA1 was identified in Leptinotarsa decemlineata. It was copiously expressed in larval foregut, hindgut and epidermis. Just before the molt in the first, second and third larval instars, the mRNA levels of LdCDA1 were high. In the fourth (final)-instar larvae, a peak occurred 4 days after ecdysis. In vivo results revealed that LdCDA1 transcriptionally responded, positively and negatively respectively, to 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone titers. Moreover, knockdown of LdCDA1 significantly reduced foliage consumption, lengthened developing period and prevented growth in the final instar larvae. Three distinct lethal phenotypes were noted in the LdCDA1 RNAi larvae. About 30% of the RNAi larvae became moribund and finally died; approximately 50% of deformed pupae died as pharate adults; and around 20% of LdCDA1 depleted pupae finally emerged as abnormal adults and eventually died within 1 week after emergence. Furthermore, chitin content was low and the mRNA levels of five chitin biosynthesis transcripts (LdUAP1, LdUAP2, LdChSAa, LdChSAb and LdChSB) were significantly declined in the LdCDA1 RNAi larvae. In addition, glucose, trehalose and glycogen contents were increased in the LdCDA1 depleted hypomorphs, along with highly expressed genes coding for trehalose and glycogen synthesis enzymes. The findings provide a compelling piece of evidence that CDA1 is critical for chitin deposition in L. decemlineata. Moreover, LdCDA1 may be a potential target for control of the larvae.