Black Carbon Concentration during Spring Season at High Altitude Urban Center in Eastern Himalayan Region of India

Khushboo Sharma,Rakesh Kumar Ranjan,Sargam Lohar,Jayant Sharma,Rajeev Rajak,Aparna Gupta,Amit Prakash,Alok Kumar Pandey 한국대기환경학회 2022 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.16 No.1

This study analyzed the BC associated with PM1 and the contribution of biomass burning to the BC using a portable seven-channel Dual spot Aethalometer in and around Gangtok, the capital city of Sikkim, India, during April 2021. Additionally, CO2 and meteorological parameters (Temperature, Pressure, and Relative Humidity) was measured. The minimum concentration of BC was found in rural areas where the contribution of biomass burning to the BC is highest. The observed spatial variability of BC over Gangtok Municipal Corporation (GMC) area is minimal. Five days back-trajectory analysis was done using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model to understand the regional influences of air masses at Gangtok. The air mass of the studied region is under influence of trans-regional transport from Indo-Gangetic Plains affecting the BC concentration over the studied region. The black carbon presence in the ambient air near the glacier heights in the Eastern Himalayan region may significantly cause localized warming, thereby enhancing glacier melts. The results have significant bearing for the policy-makers to take corrective steps in addressing the issue of rising BC concentration in high altitude regions. A further detailed study is needed to examine the effect of BC on radiative forcing and its large-scale effect on the East Asian summer monsoon using regional climate models.

Traumatic degloving injuries: a prospective study to assess injury patterns, management, and outcomes at a single center in northern India

( Divij Jayant ),( Atul Parashar ),( Ramesh Sharma ) 대한외상학회 2023 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.36 No.4

Purpose: This study investigated the epidemiology, management, outcomes, and postoperative disabilities of degloving soft tissue injuries (DSTIs) treated at a tertiary care center in northern India. Methods: A prospective study of patients with DSTIs was conducted over 15 months. The type of degloving injury, the mechanism of injury, and any associated injuries were analyzed using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 along with the management, outcomes, and disabilities at a 3-month follow-up. Results: Among 75 patients with DSTIs, the average age was 27.5 years, 80.0% were male, and 76.0% had been injured in traffic accidents. The majority (93.3%) were open degloving injuries. Lower limbs were affected most often (62.7%), followed by upper limbs (32.0%). Fractures were the most commonly associated injuries (72.0%). Most patients required more than two procedures, including secondary debridement (41.3%), split skin grafting (80.0%), flap coverage (12.0%), or vacuum-assisted closure (24.0%), while five patients underwent conservative management for closed degloving injuries. Postoperative complications included surgical site infections (14.7%) and skin necrosis (10.7%). Two patients died due to septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The mean length of hospital stay was 11.5±8.1 days, with injuries affecting the lower limbs and perineum requiring longer hospital stays. The mean WHODAS 2.0 disability score at 3 months was 19. Most patients had mild disabilities. Time away from work depended largely upon the site and severity of the injury. Approximately 75% of patients resumed their previous job or study, 14% changed their job, and 8% stopped working completely due to residual disability. Conclusions: DSTIs are common injuries in trauma and management is challenging. Although open DSTI are clinically evident at secondary survey, closed degloving injuries may be missed in the primary survey, necessitating a high index of suspicion, thorough clinical examination, and protocol-based management. Primary preventive strategies (e.g., road safety protocols, preplacement training, and proper protective equipment in industries) are also needed to reduce the incidence of these injuries.

Axial Segregation in Horizontally Vibrated Granular Materials: A Numerical Study

Ashish Bhateja,Jayant K. Singh,Ishan Sharma 대한토목학회 2009 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.13 No.4

It is known that a horizontally vibrated binary mixture in a tapered and inclined channel segregates axially, with the two species moving to the opposite ends of the channel. In general, the parameters that affect the segregation process include the forcing frequency and its amplitude, the constituents’ mass and size, and the taper and inclination of the channel. The ultimate goal here is to locate those parameters that are most significant to the segregation process, thereby providing control variables for practical applications. However, owing to the complexity of the problem, as a first step to better understand the physics behind this phenomenon, we undertake three dimensional molecular dynamics simulations of a horizontally vibrated mono-disperse granular particles in a tapered and inclined channel. Though at this stage, the immediately addressed problem is of more relevance to the granular material industry, it is envisaged that tools developed to understand this process will ultimately have wide applicability to granular systems, occurring in both natural contexts and in geotechnical engineering. It is known that a horizontally vibrated binary mixture in a tapered and inclined channel segregates axially, with the two species moving to the opposite ends of the channel. In general, the parameters that affect the segregation process include the forcing frequency and its amplitude, the constituents’ mass and size, and the taper and inclination of the channel. The ultimate goal here is to locate those parameters that are most significant to the segregation process, thereby providing control variables for practical applications. However, owing to the complexity of the problem, as a first step to better understand the physics behind this phenomenon, we undertake three dimensional molecular dynamics simulations of a horizontally vibrated mono-disperse granular particles in a tapered and inclined channel. Though at this stage, the immediately addressed problem is of more relevance to the granular material industry, it is envisaged that tools developed to understand this process will ultimately have wide applicability to granular systems, occurring in both natural contexts and in geotechnical engineering.

Low frequency magnetoelectric effect in Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 particulate composites

Parminder Singh,Radhapiyari Laishram,Jayant Kolte,Jayant Kolte,Puneet Sharma 대한금속·재료학회 2023 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.19 No.5

We report structural, dielectric, ferroelectric, magnetic, and low frequency magnetoelectric ( ME ) properties of (1− x ) Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 (BNT)– x Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 (NZFO) (x = 0.05–0.30) microwave sintered particulate composites. Distinct phases of BNT and NZFO were confi rmed by X-ray diff raction and scanning electron microscopy. Raman spectroscopy measurement showed the absence of micro-strains within the composite. The temperature dependent dielectric studies revealed the ferroelectric to anti-ferroelectric transition at 220 °C and anti-ferroelectric to paraelectric transition at 320 °C. The ac conductivity showed both frequency dependent and independent behavior. Temperature dependent dc conductivity showed that upto 200 °C charge conduction is due to hopping of electrons, whereas at higher temperature diff usion of oxygen vacancies are responsible for the conduction. Ferroelectric and leakage current density measurements showed enhanced conduction losses with NZFO content. The maximum ME coeffi cient at 10 Hz frequency is obtained for 0.80BNT–0.20NZFO (4.33 mV/ cm.Oe at 800 Oe).